OCE1001 CH1

The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the: Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, Southern, and Pacific Oceans. Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans.

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans.

The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was: Ptolemy. Herodotus. Pytheas. Eratosthenes. Seneca.

Eratosthenes.

Who was killed in the Philippines during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? Giovanni Caboto Vasco da Gama Prince Henry the Navigator James Cook Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan

What happened to the nebular gas that remained from the formation of the planets and their satellites? It condensed to form Earth's ocean. It is about 10% of the modern earth atmosphere. It was blown away by the solar wind. It escaped into the vacuum of space.

It was blown away by the solar wind.

Earth is about: 400,000 years old. 40 billion years old. 6,000 years old. 4.6 billion years old. 4.6 million years old.

4.6 billion years old.

Archeological evidence suggests that boat technology was developed about ________ years ago. 5,000 40,000 4,000,000 400,000

40,000

When did our Solar System begin to form? 5 million years ago 5 billion years ago 5000 years ago 5 trillion years ago

5 billion years ago

How did our Solar System begin to form? A large cloud of dust and gas began to contract under the force of magnetism. A large cloud of dust and gas began to expand under the force of gravity. A large cloud of dust and gas began to contract under the force of gravity. A large cloud of dust and gas began to expand under the force of magnetism.

A large cloud of dust and gas began to contract under the force of gravity.

The explorer who advanced oceanography by introducing systematic soundings, or depth measurements, was __________. Hints James Cook Jacques Piccard Leif Erikson James Cameron Christopher Columbus

James Cook

Who left Spain in September 1519 and became the first person to complete a circumnavigation of the globe when he returned to Spain three years later? Juan Sebastian del Caño Ferdinand Magellan Vasco da Gama Giovanni Caboto Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Juan Sebastian del Caño

Which of the following is Earth's rigid layer that includes the crust plus the topmost portion of the mantle? Asthenosphere Inner core Lithosphere Mesosphere Outer core

Lithosphere

Which of the following is Earth's liquid iron-nickel layer? Asthenosphere Inner core Lithosphere Mesosphere Outer core

Outer Core

Waters from which ocean basins combine to form the Southern Ocean? Choose all that apply. Caspian Sea Pacific Arctic Atlantic Indian

Pacific Atlantic Indian

Which of the following has the deepest waters? Pacific Ocean Mediterranean Sea Arctic Ocean Lake Baikal Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Which of the following is the largest natural geographic feature on Earth? Grand Canyon Great Barrier Reef Amazon Rainforest Pacific Ocean Antarctica

Pacific Ocean

What happens during radioactive decay? Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes. Parent isotopes turn into energy. Daughter isotopes turn into parent isotopes. Daughter isotopes turn into energy. Energy turns into daughter isotopes.

Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes.

The first recorded circumnavigation of Africa was made by the ________. Greeks Phoenicians Chinese Polynesians

Phoenicians

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Ferdinand Magellan John Cabot Vasco de Gama Christopher Columbus Ptolemy

Ptolemy

The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observer's line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by: Pytheas. Seneca. Herodotus. Ptolemy. Eratosthenes.

Pytheas.

How do plants and animals gain the energy needed to carry out cellular functions? They utilize the energy in sugar. They utilize photosynthesis. They utilize respiration. They utilize the energy in carbon dioxide.

They utilize the energy in sugar.

According to the Geologic Time Scale, which selection lists the correct order of coexistence, from earliest to latest? Hints Trilobites and amphibians, insects and dinosaurs, dinosaurs and birds, humans and reptiles, flowering plants and fishes Trilobites and amphibians, insects and dinosaurs, flowering plants and fishes, dinosaurs and birds, humans and reptiles Trilobites and amphibians, dinosaurs and birds, insects and dinosaurs, flowering plants and fishes, humans and reptiles Insects and dinosaurs, trilobites and amphibians, dinosaurs and birds, flowering plants and fishes, humans and reptiles Trilobites and amphibians, insects and dinosaurs, dinosaurs and birds, flowering plants and fishes, humans and reptiles

Trilobites and amphibians, insects and dinosaurs, dinosaurs and birds, flowering plants and fishes, humans and reptiles

Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the: chemical composition of rocks. origin of rocks. metamorphism. formation method. ages of rocks.

ages of rocks

The nebular hypothesis suggests that: galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another. the moon is derived from a protoplanet. Earth's moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity. the Earth was formed by a cosmic explosion, a "big bang." all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud.

all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud.

Isostatic adjustments are the result of the buoyancy of Earth's lithosphere as it floats on the ________ below which is denser and plastic like. mesosphere inner core outer core asthenosphere

asthenosphere

Oceanic crust is primarily: clay minerals. basalt. granite. siltstone. carbonate sedimentary rocks.

basalt.

According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest-known life-forms lived in sea floor rocks about 3.5 ________ years ago. million billion thousand trillion

billion

Earth's atmosphere became oxygen rich about 2.45 ________ years ago. trillion billion million thousand

billion

Evidence suggests that the Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about five ________ years ago. trillion thousand billion million

billion

One of the reasons that free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on Earth is because oxygen: can form ozone and block some UV radiation. is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. reduces atmospheric temperature. was very abundant in Earth's early atmosphere. combines with iron in volcanic rocks.

can form ozone and block some UV radiation.

Earth's early atmosphere most likely included: carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia, and methane. ammonia, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. nitrogen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide. all the above.

carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia, and methane.

Although Earth's oceans have existed since early in the formation of the planet, its ________ must have changed. textural makeup physical state color distribution chemical composition

chemical composition

In the figure above, which illustrates Earth's major layers. Which layer is represented by the letter B? Hints continental crust lithosphere mantle oceanic crust asthenosphere

continental crust

The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the: gravitational force created by the rotating Earth. decrease in temperature downward toward the core. initial collection of materials and their position in Earth. presence of water at Earth's surface. differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth.

differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth.

The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography. archaeological geological physical biological chemical

geological

A cometary model of the formation of Earth's ocean must include the chemical difference between the ________ in comet ice and that in Earth's water. carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen

hydrogen

A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a/an: theory. hypothesis. observation. law. guess.

hypothesis.

In the figure above, which illustrates Earth's major layers. Which layer is represented by the letter C? Hints crust mantle mesosphere lithosphere asthenosphere

lithosphere

What element(s) are found in high concentrations in oceanic crust? aluminum magnesium quartz silica iron

magnesium iron

What is the basis for relative positions of Earth's physical layers? Hints material temperature, with the coolest material on the surface and the hottest material in the center material weight material density, with the most-dense material on the surface and the least-dense material in the center material density, with the least-dense material on the surface and the most-dense material in the center material temperature, with the hottest material on the surface and the coolest material in the center

material density, with the least-dense material on the surface and the most-dense material in the center

Earth's second atmosphere formed from ________. leftover gases from the nebula the Sun's solar wind outgassing comet vaporization

outgassing

What are the reaction products of photosynthesis? Hints nitrogen gas and sugar water and carbon dioxide gas oxygen gas and sugar sugar and sunlight oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas

oxygen gas and sugar

What does the term "asthenosphere" literally mean? Hints hot sphere viscosity sphere deep sphere weak sphere flexible sphere

weak sphere

The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________ oceanography. geological archaeological biological physical chemical

physical

What type of organisms utilize photosynthesis? phytoplankton heterotrophs fish primary producers autotrophs

phytoplankton primary producers autotrophs

Earth's current atmosphere supports animal life because __________. Hints the oceans have provided water vapor plant photosynthesis provides oxygen that is critical for aerobic respiration volcanic outgassing produced essential nitrogen and argon bacterial action has produced essential methane plant photosynthesis has provided carbon dioxide

plant photosynthesis provides oxygen that is critical for aerobic respiration

Our world ocean can be divided into four principal oceans plus an additional ocean, based on the ________ of the ocean basins and the ________ of the continents. position; latitude depth; elevation shape; position size; shape

shape; position

What element(s) are found in high concentrations in continental crust? silica iron magnesium aluminum quartz

silicia aluminum

As shown in this video, Silly Putty will flow when stress is applied __________ and Silly Putty will fracture when stress is applied __________. Hints rapidly, slowly slowly, slowly slowly, rapidly rapidly, rapidly

slowly, rapidly

What are the reaction products of respiration? Hints water and carbon dioxide gas oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas sugar and energy oxygen gas and sugar nitrogen gas and oxygen gas

water and carbon dioxide gas

Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth's oceans was due to ________. release of liquid water from the core water vapor released from volcanic outgassing water-bearing minerals found in meteorites comets from outer space

water vapor released from volcanic outgassing

A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope. This isotope has a half-life of 1.5 months. How many total atoms will be in the container after 3 months? 100 atoms 50 atoms 33 atoms 25 atoms

100 atoms

A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope. This isotope has a half-life of 1.5 months. How many atoms of the radioactive isotope will be in the container after 3 months? 25 atoms 33 atoms 50 atoms 100 atoms

25 atoms

If you had an equally sized hand sample of each rock shown in the figure above, which would feel the heaviest? 1 2 3 4 5

3

Which rock in the figure above is likely high in iron and magnesium? 1 2 3 4 5

3

The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately ________. 3,682 meters (12,080 feet) 5,280 meters (17,323 feet) 840 meters (2,756 feet) 11,022 meters (36,161 feet) 2,172 meters (7,126 feet)

3,682 meters (12,080 feet)

Which ocean basin is currently covered by extensive sea ice for much of the year? Arctic Indian Ocean Southern Ocean Atlantic Ocean Pacific

Artic

Which of the following ideas support our current scientific understanding of the development of life on Earth? The most primitive life on Earth needed sunlight to metabolize food. Primitive life likely existed without the need for oxygen. As life evolved it significantly changed Earth's environment. Early organisms evolved into more-complex organisms over geologic time. The "prebiotic soup" of the primitive oceans provided favorable conditions for life to develop.

As life evolved it significantly changed Earth's environment. Early organisms evolved into more-complex organisms over geologic time. The "prebiotic soup" of the primitive oceans provided favorable conditions for life to develop.

What is the chemical formula for sugar? CO2 C3H6O3 H2O CHO C6H12O6

C6H12O6

Trilobites were dominant during which geologic period? Devonian Cambrian Permian Jurassic Ordovician

Cambrian

Which statement(s) below correctly describe differences between oceanic and continental crust? Continental crust floats higher on the mantle than oceanic crust. Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust. Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. Continental crust is dark in color, whereas oceanic crust is light in color. Continental crust is mainly composed of granite, whereas oceanic crust is mainly composed of basalt.

Continental crust floats higher on the mantle than oceanic crust. Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. Continental crust is mainly composed of granite, whereas oceanic crust is mainly composed of basalt.

Which of the following parts of Polynesia was populated last? New Zealand Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa Easter Island Hawaiian Islands Marquesas

Easter Island

Who is credited with being the first person to accurately determine Earth's circumference? Claudius Ptolemy Pytheas Eratosthenes Christopher Columbus Erik Thorvaldson

Eratosthenes

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate the properties of the asthenosphere? Hints a can of soda Silly Putty oil and vinegar salad dressing a balloon

Silly Putty

Based on definition, it is more appropriate to consider which ocean as a sea? The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean The Arctic Ocean The Antarctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean

Which ocean is the shallowest ocean in the world? The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean The Arctic Ocean The Antarctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean

How did the Moon form? The Moon was captured by the gravitational pull of the Earth. The Moon formed at the same time as the Earth due to simultaneous accretion. The Moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth. The Moon erupted from the Earth leaving a scar at the Pacific Ocean.

The Moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth.

Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth? The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean The Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world? The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean The Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding Earth's oceans? Choose all that apply. The Indian Ocean is about 7% the size of the Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean is one of the least-studied areas on planet Earth. Earth's ocean is one big interconnected body of water. NASA satellites fly over Antarctica. The Arctic is a continent surrounded by land, whereas the Antarctic is an ocean surrounded by continents.

The Southern Ocean is one of the least-studied areas on planet Earth. Earth's ocean is one big interconnected body of water. NASA satellites fly over Antarctica.

Of the following statements about the asthenosphere, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. The asthenosphere is composed of solid rocks associated with the rigid mantle. The asthenosphere is a highly viscous layer located beneath the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is composed of liquid molten rock. The asthenosphere consists partially of crust and partially of mantle. The asthenosphere is very hot and contains areas of partially molten rock. The asthenosphere will fracture under extreme pressure.

The asthenosphere is a highly viscous layer located beneath the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is very hot and contains areas of partially molten rock.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding Earth's core? Choose all that apply. Hints The inner core is liquid because it is so hot. Earth's core is composed of two layers that differ in chemical composition. The core is composed of mainly iron and nickel, with some sulfur. The outer core is liquid because it is so hot. Earth's core is composed of two layers that differ in physical properties.

The core is composed of mainly iron and nickel, with some sulfur. The outer core is liquid because it is so hot. Earth's core is composed of two layers that differ in physical properties.

What happened when Mr. Trujillo hit the Silly Putty with his hammer? Hints The material remained unaltered and did not fracture or splash. The material flattened like a pancake without fracturing or splashing. The material splashed like a liquid. The material fractured like a solid.

The material fractured like a solid.

Of the following statements about density stratification, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. The origin of Earth's oceans and atmosphere are a result of density stratification. The time periods of the geological time scale are based on events caused by density stratification. Outgassing is a direct result of density stratification. Density stratification has caused Earth's internal structure to be layered. Density stratification has caused the highest-density material to be found at Earth's core. Density stratification caused the oxygen crisis on Earth.

The origin of Earth's oceans and atmosphere are a result of density stratification. Outgassing is a direct result of density stratification. Density stratification has caused Earth's internal structure to be layered. Density stratification has caused the highest-density material to be found at Earth's core.

Two containers hold the same radioactive isotope. Container A contains 1000 atoms, and container B contains 500 atoms. Which of the following statements about containers A and B is true? The rate of decay of atoms in container A is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container B. The rate of decay of atoms in container B is the same as the rate of decay of atoms in container A. The rate of decay of atoms in container B is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container A.

The rate of decay of atoms in container A is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container B

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the scientific method? The scientific method ends with a theory that is regarded as an absolute truth. The scientific method involves repeated testing and adjustment of hypotheses to explain observations. The scientific method is an ongoing cycle. Scientists make predictions based on established theories. Most people

The scientific method involves repeated testing and adjustment of hypotheses to explain observations. The scientific method is an ongoing cycle. Scientists make predictions based on established theories.

Who is credited with being the first European to see the Pacific Ocean? James Cook Juan Sebastian del Caño Vasco Nunez de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan Vasco da Gama

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

What is a nebula? a large, concentrated cloud of dust and liquid in space a large, diffuse cloud of dust and liquid in space a large, concentrated cloud of dust and gas in space a large, diffuse cloud of dust and gas in space

a large, diffuse cloud of dust and gas in space

The important contribution to navigation made by Eratosthenes in the third century BC was __________. Hints devising a means of fixing longitude while at sea discovery of a trade route from Europe around the African continent to India a reasonably accurate calculation of the circumference of our planet exploration outside the Mediterranean and into the North Atlantic Ocean the introduction of latitude and longitude lines on maps of the world

a reasonably accurate calculation of the circumference of our planet

What is a scientific theory? a well-substantiated explanation that is supported by facts, tested hypotheses, and logical inferences an explanation that is supported by political leaders and popular media an educated guess an idea that is supported by a majority of the population a hypothesis that has been tested

a well-substantiated explanation that is supported by facts, tested hypotheses, and logical inferences

Imagine that you are enjoying a day at the beach in California, exploring tide pools. You find a California sea hare in the shallow water and gently scoop it into your hand. As you touch it, the sea hare releases purple ink into your hand. You think maybe the sea hare released the ink to scare you (a potential predator) away, but you are not sure. What steps of the scientific method have you performed in your inquiry? prediction observation testing theory formation hypothesis formulation

observation hypothesis formulation

Imagine that you are enjoying a day at the beach in California, exploring tide pools. You find a California sea hare in the shallow water and gently scoop it into your hand. As you touch it, the sea hare releases purple ink into your hand. You think maybe the sea hare released the ink to scare you (a potential predator) away, but you are not sure. What is the next step you would need to take to advance your understanding to the next level of scientific inquiry? theory testing prediction observation hypothesis formulation

testing

The largest geographic feature on the surface of Planet Earth is __________. Hints the Atlantic Ocean Africa the Antarctic ice cap Eurasia the Pacific Ocean

the Pacific Ocean

What is the scientific definition of half-life? the amount of time over which the number of parent isotopes decreases by half the amount of time over which the number of daughter isotopes increases by half the number of daughter isotopes that will be gained during a single radioactive decay event the number of parent isotopes that will be lost during a single radioactive decay event

the amount of time over which the number of parent isotopes decreases by half

Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of: laws. observations. theories. hypotheses. guesses.

theories.

Where did the energy of the Sun come from originally? thermal energy that was converted from the gravitational energy of the original nebula collapse ultraviolet energy that was converted from the magnetic energy of the original nebula collapse thermal energy that was converted from the magnetic energy of the original nebula collapse ultraviolet energy that was converted from the gravitational energy of the original nebula collapse

thermal energy that was converted from the gravitational energy of the original nebula collapse

Compared to continental crust, oceanic crust is generally __________. Hints thicker, less dense, darker in color, and lower in elevation thinner, less dense, lighter in color, and higher in elevation thicker, less dense, lighter in color, and higher in elevation thicker, denser, darker in color, and at lower elevations thinner, denser, darker in color, and at lower elevations

thinner, denser, darker in color, and at lower elevations