Olympic Studies Test #2

According to Pierre, why did he work so hard to start the Modern Games? Why do you believe he worked so hard?

- "To ennoble and strengthen sports, to ensure their independence and duration..." - He wanted the games to better fulfill the educational role

According to Pierre, why did he work so hard to start the modern games?

- "to ennoble and strengthen sports, to ensure their independence and duration..." - also wanted them to better fulfill the educational role

Who is William Penny Brookes?

- MWS was established by him in 1850 - he was the first person to bring together sport activity and was concerned with social reform and rational recreation

How does one become a member of the IOC?

- Members are volunteers who represent the IOC and olympic movement in their country - New members are elected by IOC session. Each candidature file is analyzed by the IOC nominations commission, then forwarded to the Executive Board. The latter submits its proposals to the session, which elects new members by secret ballot.

What is Agenda 2020?

- a guideline or road map to keep the values and integrity of the Olympic Games in place - 40 different recommendations of things that they want to accomplish in the coming years in order to make the games better

What is social marketing?

- marketing was reframed to embrace the marketing of values and ideas - social marketing is a process that uses marketing principles and techniques to influence target audience behaviors that will benefit society, as well as the individual

What are the main concerns of this organizing body?

- supreme authority of the olympic movement - supports and encourages the Olympics and all involved

What goes into securing a bid as a host country?

- the IOC asks the NOCs if there are any cities in their country willing to host - the IOC then selects the host city following a rigorous procedure aimed at determining the city's suitability to stage the games

What were the main influences in Pierre's life that lead him to the idea of the Revival of the Olympics?

- the thought process of William Penny Brookes - Pierre read "Tom Brown's Schooldays" and began to realize the value of physical education within schools - 1880s - made several trips to England and visiting schools such as Rugby and Oxford - 1888 - visited and impressed by the Henley Royal Regatta organization and used this model as the basis of the IOC constitution - 1894 - meeting in London at MWOS to discuss amateurism (this means athletes playing sports and not getting paid) - 1896 - first modern games in Athens, Greece

Following the ancient games, did the idea of sport begin with the beginning of the Modern Olympics?

- there was a multi-volume book on the Olympic Games published in 1419 - Shakespeare, Rousseau, Bryon, etc. referenced the games in their writings - festivals involving sport activities were common

What are additional responsibilities of the IOC?

- votes on sports programs that will take place in seven years time - provide support through finance, knowledge, and expertise - responsible for inviting NOCs to participate in the games - help athletes in developing nations to be suitable for competition in the olympics

Which games were boycotted?

1. 1956 Melbourne, Australia/ Stockholm, Sweden 2. 1976 Montreal, Canada 3. 1980 Moscow, Soviet Union 4. 1984 Los Angeles, United States 5. 1988 Seoul, South Korea

When did the winter games start?

1924 in Chamonix, France

When was the first Olympic torch lit?

1936 summer games in Berlin, Germany - a torch is lit and a long relay of runners carry the torch and bring it from Olympia to the site of the games

What games first used starting blocks in track?

1948 summer games in London

What Olympic Games were computers first used for judging?

1952 winter games in Oslo, Norway

When did Avery Brundage serve?

1952-1972

What games was the first to be broadcasted live on TV?

1960 summer games in Rome, Italy

Which Olympic Games first used instant replay?

1960 winter games in Squaw Valley, United States

Which Olympic Games first used a fiberglass pole for pole vaulting?

1964 summer games in Tokyo, Japan

What games is known for the Fosbury flop? What is it?

1968 summer games in Mexico City, Mexico. Dick Fosbury was a high jumper who "flopped" over the bar onto the mat and won a gold medal. His flop changed high jump into what it is today

Which Olympic Games had lots of femininity and used doping tests for the first time? Who was tested?

1968 winter games in Grenoble, France; 86 athletes tested, all tests came back negative

What Olympic Games was the role of television recognized?

1984 winter games in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia

What was the first boycott free games since 1972?

1992 summer games in Barcelona, Spain

What was the first games in which all recognized NOCs were represented?

1996 summer games in Atlanta, U.S.

Explain Canada's hockey team dominance. When did it start and when did it end?

Canada's hockey team dominated each of the Olympic Games from 1920-1952, winning six gold medals in a row. However, after this games they had a dry spout for 50 years and did not win gold again until the 2002 games in Salt Lake City, United States. Their downfall was when their professional players could not attend the games because they had other commitments with their National Hockey League teams.

What type of personality do you picture Pierre de Coubertin to have?

Extremely ambitious and passionate (almost to the point of obsession) about the Olympics and also bringing about more physical education in schools

What is the role of females in the games throughout the years?

Females originally weren't allowed to compete in the games because sports were considered to be a guy thing. 1900 was the first year women were allowed to compete and it was in croquet. In the 1904 games, only 6 women came to participate in the one event allowed - archery. Each games afterwards had an increased amount of female participation.

Why is Pierre considered a skillful maneuverer?

He allowed the 1st games to be held in Athens, just so that the ball could get rolling and that the olympics could finally take place

What is Tyler Carter's disability?

He was born without a fibula and had to get a prosthetic leg from the knee down

What are aspect that display Pierre as a social marketer?

He was committed to social change and desired to reform French education, wanted to improve recreation and sports in school 1. resolving social issues 2. changing behaviors 3. initiating social change through the promotion of the olympic ideology

When did the Olympics start having closing ceremonies?

In the 1956 summer games in Melbourne, Australia

How has the duration of the games changed?

In the early years of the Games, they often times lasted for months at a time (even up to five) because there was only a summer games and the events had to take place in multiple venues. It wasn't until 1932 that the duration of the games was shortened to two-three weeks.

What is an IF and what does it stand for?

International (Sports) Federation; they are responsible for the integrity of their sport on the international level.

What does IOC stand for?

International Olympic Committee

What athlete was the first to wear metal skis and what games was this in?

Jean Vuarnet - 1960 winter games at Squaw Valley, United States

What are examples of social marketing?

Kneeling during the national anthem, "smoking kills" ads, breast cancer awareness

Why were the 1956 summer games held in Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden?

Most events were held in Melbourne in November and December of 1956, with the exception of the equestrian events, which were held in Stockholm in June 1956.

What is an NOC and what do they do?

National Olympic Committee; they are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the games

How many presidents have there been of the IOC?

Nine

Who is credited with being the Father of the Modern Olympic Games?

Pierre de Coubertin - wrote 30 books, 50 pamphlets, 1500 articles

What is another term for the type of action used in skillful maneuvering?

Politics - use of intrigue or strategy in obtaining any position of power or control, as in business, university, etc.

How many members are there?

Since December 12, 1999, the number of members is limited to 115 (includes a max of 70 individual members, 15 active athletes, 15 representatives of the IFs, and 15 representatives of the NOCs)

What is the skeleton race? When is the first time this was included in the olympics?

Skeleton is a winter sliding sport in which a person rides a small sled, known as a skeleton bobsled, down a frozen track while lying face down and head-first; the skeleton race was introduced in the 1928 winter games in St. Moritz, Switzerland and then didn't make another appearance until the 1948 games. After those games, it was discontinued until the 2002 winter games in Salt Lake City.

How did the Great Depression affect the games?

The turnout for the Los Angeles games in summer of 1932 was the lowest of any of the games. Many countries were experiencing economic and political issues during this time and refused to send athletes to compete

Who is the current President?

Thomas Bach

Who is Tyler Carter?

Two-time Alpine Skiing Paralympian: participated in the PyeongChang 2018 Paralympics Winter Games in the slalom and in the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games in the giant slalom

When did the summer and winter games split up?

Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the IOC to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.

Who else influenced the creation?

William Penny Brookes

What are socialist values?

refer to a social organization in which social values and income are controlled

What is secularization?

removal of religion - transfer of ownership and control from a religious organization to the state

What is industrialization?

the building of factories and buildings in cities

What is rational recreation?

the ideal that nineteenth-century middle-class reformers hoped to impose on the urban working class of their day. They believed that "leisure activities should be controlled, ordered, and improving"