OM FINAL EXAM
A three sigma program has how many defects per million
2700
A six sigma program has how many defects per million
3.4
Which of the following is NOT a concern of suppliers as they prepare to enter into JIT partnerships?
E) All of the above represent JIT supplier concerns.
The 5Ss:
E) All of these are true.
Which of the following statements regarding scheduling at Delta Airlines is FALSE?
E) Delta's rapid rescheduling promotes air safety and limits traveler inconvenience, but has not resulted in money savings for Delta.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the links between JIT and quality?
E) JIT increases the cost of obtaining good quality.
Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the kanban system?
E) The customer workstation signals to the supplier workstation when production is needed.
Just-in-time systems make demands on layouts, including the need for:
E) all of the above
In JIT partnerships, suppliers have several concerns. Which of the following is NOT such a concern?
E) customers' infrequent engineering changes
PDCA, developed by Shewhart, stands for Plan-Develop-Continue-Act
False
The Japanese use the term poka-yoke to refer to continuous improvement
False
PDCA, developed by Shewhart, stands for Plan-Do-Check-Act
True
Pareto charts are a graphical way of identifying the few critical items from the many less important ones
True
A firm wants to develop a level material use schedule based on the following data. What should be the setup cost?
A) $0.45
A work center had actual input of 280 hours and actual output of 270 hours. What is the change in backlog?
A) 10
Which of the following is specifically characterized by continuous and forced problem solving via a focus on throughput and reduced inventory?
A) Just-in-time (JIT)
If a factory wants to cut its current lot size in half, by what proportion must setup cost change?
A) Setup cost must be cut to one fourth its current value.
The correct sequence from longest to smallest duration scheduling is:
A) capacity planning, aggregate planning, master schedule, short-term scheduling.
Concerning relationships with suppliers, which of the following combinations is critical to the success of JIT?
A) close relationships with trust
The list of 5Ss, although it looks like a housekeeping directive, supports lean production by:
A) identifying non-value items and removing them, in the "sort/segregate" category.
How can a reduction of in-transit inventory be encouraged?
A) supplier location near plants
A product has annual demand of 100,000 units. The plant manager wants production to follow a four-hour cycle. Based on the following data, what setup cost will enable the desired production cycle? d = 400 per day (250 days per year), p = 4000 units per day, H = $40 per unit per year, and Q = 200 (demand for four hours, half a day).
B) $7.20
If the goals of JIT partnerships are met, which of the following is a result?
B) In-transit inventory falls as suppliers are located closer to facilities.
Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding JIT inventory?
B) It is the minimum inventory necessary to keep a perfect system running.
What does TPS stand for?
B) Toyota Production System
Which of the following is specifically characterized by a focus on continuous improvement, respect for people, and standard work practices?
B) Toyota Production System (TPS)
Which one of the following is NOT a layout tactic in a JIT environment?
B) fixed equipment
Forward scheduling is the scheduling of:
B) jobs as soon as the requirements are known.
The cook in a fast-food restaurant knows that 2 hamburger patties and an order of fries should be started for each car that is waiting in line. This is best an example of:
B) kanban.
Characteristics of just-in-time partnerships do NOT include:
B) large lot sizes to save on setup costs and to gain quantity discounts.
Great Lakes Barge and Baggage Company makes, among other things, battery-operated bilge pumps. Which of the following activities is NOT part of JIT? They:
B) produce in long production runs to reduce the impact of setup costs.
Which of the following is not characteristic of a TPS employee?
B) strict job classifications
The number of kanbans should be equal to which of the following?
B) the ratio of (demand during lead time + safety stock) to container size
Which one of the following is not a benefit of JIT implementation?
B) variability increase
Which of the following is NOT required to be known in order to schedule process-focused facilities?
B) which workers are assigned to each work center
_______ scheduling begins with the due date and schedules the final operation first and the other job steps in reverse order.
Backward
Lean operations are known for their:
E) All of the above are attributes of lean operations.
Which of the following is an illustration of employee empowerment?
C) "No one knows the job better than those who do it."
A work center had planned outputs of 10, 15, 13, and 20 hours with actual outputs of 12, 14, 13, and 18 hours. What is the cumulative deviation in output?
C) -1
Lead time for computers is 7 days with daily demand of 5 computers and a safety stock of 1 day. Each kanban holds 8 computers. What is the correct number of kanbans?
C) 5
Which of the following is NOT a source of variability?
C) Employees, machines, and suppliers produce units that conform to standards.
JIT makes quality cheaper because:
C) JIT prevents long runs of defects.
Which of the following is specifically characterized by the elimination of waste through a focus on exactly what the customer wants?
C) Lean operations
Which of the following is NOT one of the Seven Wastes?
C) assignment
The short-term scheduling activity called "loading":
C) assigns jobs to work centers
What does the Japanese word "kanban" mean?
C) card
Which one of the following is a concern expressed by suppliers in JIT partnerships?
C) having limited ability to respond to changes in product and quality
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of lean operations?
C) pushing responsibility to the highest level possible through centralized decision making
Which one of the following scenarios represents the use of a kanban to reduce inventories?
D) A "customer" work center signals to the "supplier" workstation that more parts are needed.
A manufacturer took the following actions to reduce inventory. Which of these is generally not accepted as a JIT action?
D) It picked the supplier that offered the lowest price based on quantity discounts.
Which of the following statements regarding a pull system is TRUE?
D) Problems become more obvious.
Who is credited with coining the phrase, "Inventory is evil"?
D) Shigeo Shingo
A grocery store is attempting to implement a kanban system. Which of the following would not be an application of kanbans?
D) The meat department stocking up on turkeys before Thanksgiving.
Short-term schedules are prepared:
D) from master schedules, which are derived from aggregate plans.
Which of the following is NOT a key direct benefit from effective internal or external scheduling?
D) higher quality
Kanban is associated with all EXCEPT which of the following?
D) increased material handling
Which of the following is not a goal of JIT partnerships?
D) inspect all incoming shipments to ensure zero defects
Excess bags of basic commodities such as flour and sugar that are stored in a restaurant's kitchen represent which of the following wastes?
D) inventory
Which of the following is characteristic of lean operations?
D) low space requirements
What is the objective of scheduling?
D) prioritize and allocate demand to available facilities
Which one of the following is a characteristic of a JIT partnership?
D) removal of incoming inspection
Forward scheduling:
D) starts the schedule as soon as the job requirements are known.
Which of the following is NOT a goal of JIT partnerships?
E) All of the above are goals of JIT partnerships.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the steps to reducing setup times?
E) All of the above are true.
Lead time for computers is 5 days with daily demand of 25 and safety stock of 5 computers. If management wants to use 10 kanbans how many computers should each one hold?
E) 13
Lead time for cakes is 2 days with daily demand of 10 cakes and a safety stock of ½ a day. Each container (kanban) holds 1 cake. What is the correct number of kanbans?
E) 25
Which of the following considers process capacity when scheduling?
E) finite loading
Which of the following is not an effectiveness criterion for scheduling?
E) maximizing flow time
Which of the following is generally found in most lean environments?
E) pull systems
Manufacturing cycle time is best defined as the:
E) time from raw materials receipt to finished product exit.
________ is the minimum inventory necessary to keep a perfect system running.
Just-in-time inventory
________ is the Japanese word for card that has come to mean "signal."
Kanban
________ allows manufacturing work cells and offices to be easily rearranged.
Layout flexibility
________ involve scheduling products so that each day's production meets the demand for that day.
Level schedules
________ is the assignment of jobs to work or processing centers.
Loading
The process improvement technique that sorts the vital few from the trivial many is
Pareto analysis
TPS stands for ________.
Toyota Production System
A cause-and-effect diagram helps identify the sources of a problem
True
A checklist is a type of poka-yoke
True
________ is any deviation from the optimum process that delivers perfect product on time, every time.
Variability
Total quality management emphasizes
a commitment to quality that goes beyond internal company company issues to suppliers and customers
The process of identifying other organizations that are best at some facet of your operations and then modeling your organization after them is known as
benchmarking
A fishbone chart is also known as a
cause-and-effect diagram
Kaizen is a Japanese term meaning
continuous improvement
PDCA is most often applied with regard to which aspect of TQM
continuous improvement
Building high morale organizations and building communication networks that include employees are both elements of
employee empowerment
One of Britain's largest children's hospitals working with Ferrari Racing is an example of
external benchmarking
Among the tools of TQM, the tool ordinarily used to aid in understanding the sequence of events through which a product travels is a
flowchart
Poka-yoke is the Japanese term for
foolproof
A hospital benchmarked against Ferrari Racing in an effort to
improve patient handoff quality
When suppliers are encouraged to locate near manufacturing plants, the goal of the JIT partnership is to reduce ________ inventory.
in-transit
The ________ is the time between the arrival of raw materials and the shipping of finished products.
manufacturing cycle time
The 4 M's of cause-and-effect diagrams are
material, machinery, manpower, and methods
Pareto charts are used to
organize errors, problems, or defects
A(n) ________ is a concept that results in material being produced only when requested and moved to where it is needed just as it is needed.
pull system
Costs of dissatisfaction, repair costs, and warranty costs are elements of cost in the
quality loss function
In the sequence of decisions that affect scheduling, ________ is (are) the immediate follower(s) of the master schedule (or master production schedule).
short-term schedules
The 5S category ________ includes analysis to improve workflow and reduce wasted motion.
simplify/straighten or simplify
Based on his 14 points, Deming is a strong proponent of
training and knowledge
Handling material more than once is an example of the waste called ________.
transportation