OPERATING SYSTEM - LECTURE 1
THE OPERATING SYSTEM ACTS AS: (DR STAM)
"Dispatcher Receptionist Security guard Traffic officer Accountant Manager"
Programmers operated the machine themselves.
1st Gen | None
1945-1955
1st Generation of OS
1955-1965
2nd Generation of OS
1965-1985
3rd Generation of OS
1985
4th Generation of OS
it monitors the users who logs-on to the system, what kinds of resources are utilized by each user, and what resources are requested by each user. In other words, it keeps track of how a file has been accessed, who accessed it, what file, and when it was accessed.
Accountant
Enumerate: 2nd Gen Types of OS
Batch OS Single User OS
A type of system developed for the earliest computers that used punched cards or paper tapes as input and is entered in “batchesâ€. Jobs were processed serially without user interaction.
Batch Operating System
Efficiency of the system was measured in throughput (the number of jobs completed in a given period of time) and turn-around (measured in hours or days)
Batch Operating System
Functions of Operating System (CEA)
Convenience Efficiency Ability to Evolve
it provides services for managing the queue of programs scheduled for processing and activation.
Dispatcher
An OS implanted or rooted inside other pieces of equipment to control their operation. Usually perform dedicated function. Examples are BlackBerry OS, embedded Linux, iPhone OS.
Embedded Operating System
A Unix-like operating systems built around the Linux Kernel written by Linus Torvalds. Developed as an open source and free software. Examples are BSD, GNU, MINIX, Reactos, Haiku.
Linux
Considered a mixed closed source / open source. Its open source software is Darwin. Examples are Mac OS X, Apple DOS, A/UX, A/ROSE, Rhapsody, MkLinux, Taligent, and Lisa OS.
MacOs
Graphical user interface based operating systems developed by Apple Inc. for their Macintosh line of computer systems. Compatible with both PowerPC and Intel Processors.
MacOs
It performs the following tasks: 1) Monitors resources continuously 2) Enforces policies and decides which gets what, how much and when 3) Allocates the resources 4) De-allocates the resources
Manager
it handles the efficient allocation of resources. A resource is any object that can be allocated within the system. Examples are processor use, input/output devices, files and memory (RAM).
Manager
Windows collectively describes any or all of several generations of Microsoft (MS) operating system (OS) products developed by Microsoft Corporation usually categorized as 16 bit OS environment, hybrid 16/32 bit OS, 32 bit OS environment, and 64 bit OS. Examples are Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows ME and Windows CE.
Microsoft Windows
Cooperative multitasking hands over control to a program, sits back, and waits for the program to hand control back to the OS. In Preemptive multitasking, the OS is in control of the computer at all times.
Multiprogramming Operating Systems
Examples are Unix, Windows NT, Mac OS, Windows 95, and Windows 9X.
Multiprogramming Operating Systems
The operating system that allows multiple software processes to run simultaneously. Also called multi-tasking operating system which can either be cooperative multitasking or preemptive multitasking.
Multiprogramming Operating Systems
Enumerate: 3rd Gen Types of OS
Multiuser OS Multiprogramming OS Time Sharing OS Personal Computer OS
Allowed a single computer " often mainframe " to deal with simultaneous input, output, and processing request from many users.
Multiuser Operating System
Examples are Linux, Unix, Windows 2000 and Windows XP.
Multiuser Operating System
The most difficult responsibility was to schedule all the processing requests that a centralized computer must perform.
Multiuser Operating System
Also known as Server Operating Systems, Distributed Operating System or Loosely Coupled System Enables a computer to communicate with other computers through network cable or wireless transmissions. Enables coordination of network communications from sharing files and printers to sending e-mail.
Network Operating System
Network Operating System creates a virtual machine that extends beyond the boundaries of the local system on which the user is working. It hides the underlying details of telecommunications and let the user see a huge pool of resources accessible as though they are connected to the computer. Examples are Novell NetWare, Windows NT, 2000, 2003, 2008 Server, Sun Solaris and IBM OS/2.
Network Operating System
Enumerate: 1st Gen Types of OS
None
In relation to hardware, it describes the set of hardware components that make up the computer itself and where the software is written, referred to as hardware architecture.
OPERATING SYSTEMS PLATFORM
In relation to software, it is an environment or a venue where other software are launched. For example, when referring to a hardware platform, X86
OPERATING SYSTEMS PLATFORM
It controls the whole computer system and acts as the supervisor that handles all activities within the hardware. It is intimately involved with everything inside the hardware like sending data here, retrieving data there, keeping everything in its place, and providing each component with matching orders.
Operating System
It is a program that acts as an intermediary between the user of the computer and the computer hardware. As such, it manages the communication among the different components of the computer system, the different application programs residing in memory and the user of the computer system.
Operating System
It is a program that manages all the resources of the computer system.
Operating System
Enumerate: 5th Gen Types of OS
Parallel OS
Also known as Multi-processor Operating Systems or tightly coupled System. Examples are Linux, Unix, Windows NT
Parallel Operating System
An OS that will manage systems containing hundreds or even thousands of processors. Recognize opportunities for parallel execution, send the separate tasks to the appropriate processor, and coordinate their concurrent execution, all in a transparent way.
Parallel Operating System
OS used for personal computers which supports single user environment. OS is less complicated than mainframe operating system. Main goal is user-friendliness rather than resource optimization.
Personal Computer Operating System
Operating system designed for desktop, notebook, or tablet computer and usually used by a single user. Examples are Linux, Macintosh, MS-DOS, Windows 2000.
Personal Computer Operating System
Enumerate: 4th Gen Types of OS
Real Time OS Embedded OS Network OS
Examples are JavaFx Mobile, BeRTOS , INtime RTOS for Windows, iRMX (originally developed by Intel), OS-9 by Microware.
Real Time Operating System
It may be a Hard-Real Time OS or Soft RealTime OS. Hard Real-Time OS requires 100% compliance with the time requirement while Soft Real-Time OS is a type of real-time OS where in the time to complete a task can deviate from the original time constraint or is more flexible in terms of response time.
Real Time Operating System
Type of operating system that uses time as a key parameter for its operation. Also considered to be multi-tasking operating system intended for real-time applications such as programmable thermostat, household appliance controllers, mobile phones.
Real Time Operating System
it handles the user interface. As the computer is booted, the first point of contact will be the operating system. It is considered the welcoming committee which assists the user all throughout his/her contact with the hardware.
Receptionist
it controls the access to the system and files. It prohibits unauthorized users access to the system. It also prevents user from accidentally or intentionally interfering with each other.
Security guard
An operating system controlled by one user at a time who dealt with one set of input devices.
Single User Operating System
Examples are DOS, Palm OS, Windows CE, Inferno, Newton OS, and Internet Tablet OS.
Single User Operating System
A Unix-Based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems. Developed originally as a proprietary software but now considered a mixed closed source / open source.
Solaris
Its open sourced software is OpenSolaris. Examples are Solaris 10, Solaris 9, Solaris 2.5
Solaris
Also called Interactive systems. A system that allows each user to interact directly with the operating system via commands entered from a keyboard. Services of the computer delivered directly to user via terminal. Security and access control became a problem. Provides immediate feedback to the user and response time can be measured in minutes or seconds.
Time Sharing Operating System
it directs the passage of data through the CPU and guides the CPU when to look in memory, when to read or write on the data storage, when to display on screen the data or provide a hard copy using the printer.
Traffic officer
the ____________ are programs written to facilitate the work of the user
application software
To understand an operating system is to understand the workings of an entire ___________, because the operating system manages each and every piece of hardware and software.
computer system
Some operating systems are designed to be ___________, others to be _________, and others some combination of the two
convenient efficient
PURPOSE OF OPERATING SYSTEM: For the user, the user-friendly operating system provides ____________ and ______________
ease accessibility
PURPOSE OF OPERATING SYSTEM: For the system, the operating system sustains the ___________ in the management and use of the computer system and its resources.
efficiency
PURPOSE OF OPERATING SYSTEM: To provide an environment for a computer user to ___________ on computer hardware in a convenient and efficient manner.
execute programs
Operating systems for ____________ are designed to provide an environment in which a user can easily interface with the computer to execute programs
handheld computers
The computer system is composed of _________, _________, and _________
hardware (computer itself), software (programs or instructions installed in the hardware), people who use the hardware
Each of these pieces should be a well delineated portion of the system, with carefully defined _________, _________, and __________. (IOF)
inputs outputs functions
Because an operating system is _____________, it must be created piece by piece.
large and complex
A __________ is a description of the overall standard of a computer's hardware and/or software.
platform
PURPOSE OF OPERATING SYSTEM: To allocate the ______________ of the computer as needed to solve the problem given. The allocation process should be as fair and efficient as possible.
separate resources
Handheld computers and personal computers may be categorized for _________.
single user OS
Operating System is a ____________ of the computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer
software component
PURPOSE OF OPERATING SYSTEM: As a control program it serves two major functions: (1) __________ of the execution of user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer, and (2) __________ of the operation and control of I/O devices.
supervision management
The ____________ are programs or instructions developed to handle the performance and control of the hardware
systems software
Software is categorized as either _________ or _________.
systems software or application software
The hardware must provide appropriate mechanisms to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to prevent ______________ from interfering with the proper operation of the system.
user programs
