Operations Management Ch 3- Product Design and Process Selection

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Why is a process flowchart useful? - for determining where the weaknesses are in a process - for seeing the totality of the operation and for identifying potential problem areas - for determining where the strengths are in a process - for benchmarking against other processes - for designing a product

for seeing the totality of the operation and for identifying potential problem areas

Intermittent operations: organization of resources

grouped by function

What type of operations focus on products in the early stage of the life cycle? - repetitive - downstream - gateway - intermittent - recycle

intermittent

Which type of operation is used to produce many different products with varying process requirements in lower volumes? - repetitive - intermittent - gateway - continuous - downstream

intermittent

What type of machine is controlled by a computer and can do a variety of tasks, such as drilling, boring, or turning parts of different sizes and shapes? - numerically controlled - variable turning - flexible driven - non-calculating - next component

numerically controlled

Concurrent engineering is - relying on marketing to determine specifications while product is in engineering - designing several new products at the same time - simultaneously design the product and the process - simultaneously design the product and develop the marketing sales brochure - is not used in operations management processes

simultaneously design the product and the process

Repetitive operations: work-in-process inventory

Less

Define process velocity

A measure of wasted time in the system

What are the differences between intermittent and repetitive ops?

1. The amount of product volume produced 2. The degree of product standardization

5 Process performance metrics

1. Throughput time 2. Process velocity 3. Productivity 4. Utilization 5. Efficiency

Process selection is based on what 5 considerations?

1. Type of process; range from intermittent to repetitive or continuous 2. Degree of vertical integration 3. Flexibility of resources 4. Mix between capital and human resources 5. Degree of customer contact

Define productivity

A measure of how well a company uses its resources

Define throughput time

Average amount of time product takes to move through the system

Repetitive operations: critical resource

Capital-intensive operation (equipment automation, technology important)

Process types exist on a what?

Continuum

Intermittent operations: factor driving production

Customer orders

How to determine efficiency

Efficiency = actual output/standard output

Repetitive operations: factor driving production

Forecast of future demands

Intermittent operations: type of equipment

General-purpose

Size of product variety with intermittent operations

Great

Repetitive operations degree of standardization

High

Repetitive operations: degree of automation

High

What is required to determine for process performance metrics?

If a process is functioning properly

Intermittent operations: path of products through facility

In a varied pattern, depending on product needs

Intermittent operations: critical resource

Labor-intensive operation (worker skills important)

Define Line process

Large quantities of a standard product

Repetitive operations: path of products through facility

Line flow

Repetitive operations: organization of resources

Line flow to accommodate processing needs

Intermittent operations: throughput time

Longer

Intermittent operations degree of standardization

Low

Intermittent operations: degree of automation

Low

Define Project process

Make a one-at-a-time product exactly to customer specifications

Design considerations include what strategies?

Make-to-stock strategy Assemble-to-order strategy Make-to-order strategy

Define process performance metrics

Measurement of different process characteristics that tell us how a process is performing

Define efficiency

Measures performance relative to a standard

What does determining if a process is functioning properly require?

Measuring performance

Intermittent operations: work-in-process inventory

More

What does a lower throughput time mean?

More products can move through the system

Process design tools include what?

Process flow analysis Process flowchart

Which of the following is not a fixed cost? - land rent - materials - overhead - taxes - insurance

materials

How to determine productivity

Productivity= output/input

What are the different process types?

Project Batch Line Continuous

Repetitive operations: throughput time

Shorter

Size of product variety with repetitive operations

Small

Define Batch process

Small quantities of product in groups or batches based on customer orders or specifications

Repetitive operations: type of equipment

Specialized

Product design considerations must include what?

The Process

Define Process Selection

The development of the process necessary to produce the designed product.

Define utilization

The proportion of time a resource is actually used

What is a basic process performance metric?

Throughput time

Define Continuous process

Very high volumes of a fully standard product

What is Reverse engineering? - altering the basic design based on user input - reengineering a failing product - acquiring a competitor's product and relabeling it for sale - acquiring a competitor's product and studying its design feature - changing your mind on the previous design

acquiring a competitor's product and studying its design feature

The classes that you are taking at the university use a ___________ process - project - batch - line - continuous - recycle

batch

If the third stage of a repetitive line process cannot complete its activities as fast as stage one or two it has become a: - place not to work - none of these - key work location - bottle neck - project process location

bottle neck

Which of the following is not characteristic of intermittent operations? - capital intensive - volume of goods produced directly tied to number of customer orders - produce many different products with varying processing requirements - workers need to be able to perform different tasks depending on the processing needs of the product - general purpose equipment

capital intensive

Which of the following is not characteristic of intermittent operations? - produce many different products with varying processing requirements - capital intensive - workers need to be able to perform different tasks depending on the processing needs of the product - general purpose equipment - volume of goods produced directly tied to number of customer orders

capital intensive

Which one of these refers to reducing the number of parts and features of the product whenever possible? - design automation - design specification - design reduction - design standardization - design simplification

design simplification

What refers to the use of common and interchangeable parts? - design automation - design specification - design reduction - design standardization - design simplification

design standardization

What type of process is designed to produce a large volume of a standardized product for mass production, such as automobiles? - project processes - batch processes - recycle processes - line processes - continuous processes

line processes

The ease with which the product can be made is its: - readiness for manufacturing - manufacturability - repeatability - accountability - reliability

manufacturability

Which of the following is a tool for evaluating an operation in terms of the sequence of steps from inputs to outputs with the goal of improving its design? - sequencing analysis - operations sequencing - process flow analysis - input/output analysis - operations analysis

process flow analysis

How to determine process velocity

process velocity= throughput time/value-added time

Which type of process would be least likely to produce goods for inventory rather than for a specific customer request? - batch - line - continuous - remanufacturing - project

project

Building a bridge over the Mississippi River for a new highway uses a - batch process - line process - project process - recycle process - continuous process

project process

Highly labor intensive services are called ___________________________. - quasi-manufacturing - quasi-services - mixed services - pure services - mixed manufacturing

pure services

Vertical integration decisions is a better strategic decision for - service organizations - quasi-manufacturing organizations - intermittent processes - project processes - repetitive operations

repetitive operations

One goal of process improvement is to reduce what?

throughput time

How to determine utilization

utilization= time resource is used/time resource is available


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