Oral Biology: Salivary glands, saliva

macromolecular component of saliva is __% of saliva

1%

amount of saliva produced in 24 hours

650-1200 ml/ 24 hours

water comprises what percent of saliva

99%

sublingual gland innervation

CN 7 --> chordae tympani --> lingual nerve --> submandibular

submandibular innervation

CN VII--> chordae tympani -> lingual nerve --> synapses in submandibular ganglion ---> gland

Salivary gland components

CT capsule, CT septae, lobule, Duct

blood is the source of ________________ in saliva

H2O, ions

saliva ions

HCO3-, PO4-, Ca ++ and PO4-, Mg, Na+, Cl-

Plasma cells are the source of _______ in saliva

Immunoglobulins (Ig A)

secretory units include

Serous acini, mucous tubule/acini, serous demilune

cystic fibrosis effect on saliva

affects exocrine glands. more viscous secretions

mumps effect on saliva

affects saliva glands--> inflammation

serous cells can make

all the proteins EXCEPT mucus and antibodies

paratid gland secretion is rich in:

amylase

salivary enzymes include

amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase

how saliva aids in digestion

amylase; helps form bolus

immunoglobulins/antibodies function

antimicrobial: IgA is the main one

lysozyme function

antimicrobial: breaks down bacteria cell walls and lyses them

lactoferrin function

antimicrobial: chelates iron in oral fluid and kills bacteria

peroxidase function

antimicrobial: lyses everything it comes in contact with

interlobular septae contains

blood vessels, nervers(ANS), interlobular ducts or excretory ducts embedded in CT

stimulation of salivation occurs via

both parasympathetic and sympathetic

amylase function

breaks down starch/sugars. starts the digestion process

Saliva HCO3-, PO4- functions

buffering

myoepithelium cells are

cells on outside of gland that squeeze

how saliva effects tissue repair

decreases clotting time; increases speed of tissue repair

how saliva is antimicrobial:

decreases numbers of bacteria by: mucus barrier, and proteins in saliva that kill bacteria (antibody)

lipase function

digestion: breaks down lipids

HIV effect on saliva

diminishes rate and flow-->xerostomia

how saliva functions in taste

dissolve food molecules

sialorrhea can be caused by

drugs, pregnancy, nausea

xerostomia

dry mouth, increase caries risk, difficulty with speech and swallowing

other growth factors in saliva

epidermal growth factor, insulin growth factor, transforming growth factor, for mucosal regeneration and repair

salivary derivation

epithelium that proliferates and then apoptose

sialorrhea

excess saliva production

Salivary Glands definition

exocrine which secrete saliva into the oral cavity

saliva definition

fluid produced by the major and minor salivary glands which is secreted into the oral cavity

gustin

growth factor that helps with growth and regeneration of taste buds

minor/accessory salivary glands

in the oral mucosa, nonencapsulated, small, short ducts, unnamed except von ebners

intercellular canaliculus function

increase secretory surface around cells

ducts include

intercalated, striated, excretory and terminal excretory

excretory to terminal excretory

interlobular. wall gets thicker

submandibular or submaxillary gross anatomy

intermediate size, has wharton duct

intercalated duct characteristics

intralobular(in the lobe) and the smallest duct

striated duct characteristics

intralobular, simple cuboidal to simple columnar, beads on necklace

modification of primary saliva

isotonic to hypotonic. Sodium goes into blood. bicarbonat and potassium go into saliva

minor/accessory salivary glands locations

labial, lingual, palatal, glossopalatine, retromolar, buccal. NOT IN hard palate and gingiva where bone is

major salivary glands

large encapsulated 3 pairs: parotid, submandibular, sublingual

parotid gland gross anatomy

largest and has Stenson's duct

sympathetic affects saliva production

less prevalent, increase protein content, less watery

how saliva protects oral cavity:

lubricant for dry food, barrier to bacteria, flushing/washing etc

bolus

lump of masticated food

secretory cells are the source of __________________________ in saliva

macromolecules or proteins: glycoproteins, enzymes, growth factors etc

how saliva helps to maintain tooth integrity

maintains Ca ++ levels in enamel. makes a super saturated sollution

sublingual gland function

makes ~ 5% of saliva. mixed but mostly mucous (serous present too). viscous

parotid gland function

makes ~30% of saliva. serous watery

submandibular gland function

makes ~60% of saliva. mixed but mostly serous (mucus is there too)

parasympathetic affects on saliva production

more prevalent, water saliva, increase water and ion transport, vasodilation, myoepithelial contraction

macromolecular components of saliva include

mucin, antibodies, ions, enzymes, growth factors

mucous cell makes

mucin. not totally committed to mucin though

stensons duct location and where it empties

on top of masseter muscle and empties opposite of max 2nd molar

parotid innervation

parasympathetic CN IX. lesser petrosal to otic ganglion to auriculotemporal nerve

saliva functions

protection of oral cavity contents, buffering of oral cavity contents, aid in digestion, taste, antimicrobial, maintain tooth integrity, tissue repair

water in saliva functions

protection(flushing), digestion (helps form bolus), taste (dissolves molecules for taste)

mucin or mucoproteins functions

protection: barrier and lubricant so that food cant adhere to surface and cause damage. antimicrobial: barrier and clumps bad stuff together

serous acini

round sac

oral fluid is

saliva, WBC, desquamated epithelial cell, and food debris

age effects on saliva production

salivary gland atrophy

sources of different saliva components include

secretory cells, blood, and plasma cells

secretory units are also called

secretory end pieces

major salivary are located

secretory units

3 types of salivary gland cell types:

serous, mucous, and myoepithelium cells

minor or accesory salivary glands

small, unencapsulated; numerous, unnamed

sublingual gland gross anatomy

smallest and has multiple ducts under the tongue

calculi/stones/sialoliths

stones that can get stuck in the duct mostly in submandibular duct--> pain

modification of primary saliva by:

striated duct ( + excretory duct cells)

saliva production includes

synthesis and secretion by serous and mucous secretory cells in salivary glands. modification by duct epithelial cells

submandibular gland and duct location

the gland is posterior in location but duct empties anteriorly (shaped around myelohyoid muscle)

Saliva Ca ++, PO4- functions

tooth integrity, remineralization, super saturated solution

CT septae carry

vessels and nerves

serous cells characteristics

watery secretion. makes protein in water, rough ER, Golgi, secretory granules

clinical issues of saliva production include

xerostomia, sialorrhea, age, drugs, calculi, cystic fibrosis, mumps, HIV, neoplasms