Org Theory - Test 3
17. ______ include lack of communication, incompatible personalities, and collisions in value systems. Antecedents of conflict Functions of conflict Dysfunctions of conflict Outcomes of conflict
A. Antecedents of conflict
16. ______is the means by which a person controls the behavior of others through punishments, threats, or sanctions. Coercive power Legitimate power Expert power Reward power
A. Coercive power
45. ______ occurs when people are indifferent to a task and make only the minimal effort necessary to complete a goal. Compliance Resistance Adherence Commitment
A. Compliance
25. ______ is a conflict management strategy in which each party concedes something of value. Compromise Accommodation Avoidance Competition
A. Compromise
45. Stella has been assigned to a new department in her company. She is a little nervous meeting her employees, therefore she decides to take them out for dinner to get to know them before work on Monday. Stella is hoping that creating a connection outside of work will help build trust in her abilities. Stella is attempting to create ______ trust. Disposition-based Perception-based Cognition-based Affect-based
A. Disposition-based
68. ______ occurs when two parties both try to claim a "fixed pie" of resources. Distributive bargaining Dissemination bargaining Assimilative bargaining Integrative bargaining
A. Distributive bargaining
46. Which of the following statements is true regarding follower-centered leadership perspectives? First impressions can quickly prejudice our views of others and create negativity within groups. Motivational process are very important to understanding implicit followership and leadership theories. Communication methods have the largest impact on followership and leadership impressions. First impressions matter very little as others impressions of us can easily be influenced over time.
A. First impressions can quickly prejudice our views of others and create negativity within groups.
30. ______ is the use of emotions to rouse enthusiasm for the task by appealing to the values and ideals of others. Inspirational appeals Upward appeals Exchange Ingratiation
A. Inspirational appeals
47. Which of the following statements defines "empowering leadership"? It is the practice of delegating power that motivates employees and inspires them to achieve goals. . It distributes influence among organizational leaders to achieve organizational goals. It uses behavior-focused and natural reward strategies to achieve organizational goals. It is a process whereby people intentionally influence their thinking and behavior to achieve their objectives.
A. It is the practice of delegating power that motivates employees and inspires them to achieve goals.
80. Lucy asks for a $5,000 raise, but her boss says that the most he will agree to is $3,500. In all honesty, Lucy would have been happy with even a $1,000 raise. Which of the following is true? Lucy is likely to accept the raise because it fell within the ZOPA. Lucy is likely to accept the raise because it fell outside the ZOPA. Lucy is likely to accept the raise because it was worse than the BATNA. Lucy is likely to reject the raise because it fell inside the ZOPA.
A. Lucy is likely to accept the raise because it fell within the ZOPA.
10. Which of the following statements is true regarding the differences between managing and leading? Managing focuses on the day-to-day activities. Leading maintains status quo. Managing looks at the big picture. Leading focuses on the day-to-day activities.
A. Managing focuses on the day-to-day activities.
70. ______ is defined as the ability to understand and influence others for the good of the organization. Political skill Leadership inversion Politics Visibility
A. Political skill
22. ______ leader is one who tends to focus on the technical or task aspects of the job. Productive-oriented Transactional Visionary Empowering
A. Productive-oriented
26. ______ is the influence a leader gains over others when they desire to identify and be associated with him or her. Referent power Legitimate power Expert power Reward power
A. Referent power
60. Shore Shipping Company files suit, arguing that nearby Shipping Software Company keeps stealing their employees, and thus using their intellectual property to develop shipping shortcuts. A judge instructs them to take their complaint to arbitration. Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of the arbitrator? The opinion offered by the arbitrator will be legally binding. The arbitrator may offer an opinion, but it will not be legally binding. The arbitrator should not offer an opinion on the dispute. The arbitrator will persuade the opposing companies to communicate.
A. The opinion offered by the arbitrator will be legally binding.
56. Which element below is considered a "hard" influence tactic? assertiveness personal appeals exchange inspirational appeals
A. assertiveness
79. When in the rocks, people tend to engage in politics using which of the following? authority and hard influence tactics authority and soft influence tactics expert power and soft influence tactics expert power and hard influence tactics
A. authority and hard influence tactics
9. To be a formal leader, one must ______. be officially designated by the organization have a higher level degree than other employees have androgynous traits extensive leadership training
A. be officially designated by the organization
61. Which element below is an example of political behaviors? building a coalition mentoring new employees focusing on the task at hand giving other people credit
A. building a coalition
44. Which contemporary leadership perspective is associated with the risk that the leader will become caught up in their own hype and get convinced of their own infallibility? charismatic transactional transformational leader-member exchange
A. charismatic
67. Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these focuses on the leaders' capacity to inspire and motivate others? charismatic/value-based team-oriented participative autonomous
A. charismatic/value-based
73. Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these were found to be a major contributor to outstanding leadership across cultures? charismatic/value-based and team-oriented team-oriented and autonomous participative and self-protective autonomous and charismatic/value-based
A. charismatic/value-based and team-oriented
37. Which tactic for influencing others is a reference to the support of others as a reason for someone to agree to a request? coalition building ingratiation rational appeals assertiveness
A. coalition building
17. Which power is perceived by many leaders as a negative power and is usually used as a last resort? coercive power expert power referent power legitimate power
A. coercive power
49. Which influence tactic outcome is not ideal for tasks that require more commitment but is acceptable when it comes to simple requests? compliance resistance adherence commitment
A. compliance
50. Wyatt asked Whitney to do a routine, monotonous task of scanning a stack of documents for inconsistencies. She was not excited to do such a boring job, but she will completed the task. This scenario's outcome is ______. compliance resistance adherence commitment
A. compliance
34. Sheila offers to pay $30,000 for a new car, but the salesman wants $32,000. The salesman offers to throw in a premium sound system with a value of $1,500 and charge her $31,500. Sheila values the sound system enough to feel that this is a good deal. Sheila and the salesperson used which form of conflict management? compromise collaboration competition avoidance
A. compromise
31. Which leadership perspective claimed that the effectiveness of the leader depended on there being an appropriate match between the leader's traits or behaviors and the demands and characteristics of the situation? contingency leadership perspective knowledge leadership perspective trait leadership perspective behavioral leadership perspective
A. contingency leadership perspective
18. Lucinda implements guidelines and provides information about what is expected for her employees. She also makes decisions without asking for suggestions from others. What type of leader is Lucinda? directive transactional visionary empowering
A. directive
20. Which leadership type is most closely related to production-oriented leadership and an autocratic style? directive transactional visionary empowering
A. directive
37. Which type of trust exists when people possess personality traits that encourage them to put their faith in others? disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
A. disposition-based
38. If you are the kind of person who will trust the new team leader unless you are given a reason not to, then you have a ______ trust. disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
A. disposition-based
43. Dottie manages the dry cleaners. There has been a change in the dry cleaners' chain of command and Dottie is looking forward to meeting her new boss, Alex. She assumes they will have a good relationship, and she is warm and welcoming from the beginning. Dottie's trust is ______. disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
A. disposition-based
73. Brent and Leigh have been haggling for a long time. Brent agrees to let Leigh have a small percentage off the price, but she does not feel it is enough. Eventually, they both give up something in order to agree on a price, but neither is satisfied with the outcome. This scenario illustrates which concept below? distributive bargaining competitive bargaining compromise bargaining integrative bargaining
A. distributive bargaining
35. Frank offers to provide a bonus to whoever can finish their research project by the next holiday break. Frank is using which tactic for influencing others? exchange upward appeals rational appeals ingratiation
A. exchange
8. How would you classify a leader who has certain rights and privileges that allow him or her to reward or discipline employees? formal official informal authorized
A. formal
81. Christopher, the president of Fruit Fresh Direct, noticed that the majority of managers were men. This scenario seems to address which issue described in the textbook? gender inequality time achievement improvement of organization success personality advancement
A. gender inequality
64: Values-based leaders tend to elicit which of the following from employees? increased commitment increased turnover increased burnout increased church membership
A. increased commitment
27. What were the two main styles of leadership behavior that the University of Michigan study developed? job-centered and employee-centered employee-centered and performance-centered job-centered and human resource-centered employee-centered and product-centered
A. job-centered and employee-centered
42. What contemporary leadership perspective represents the direct opposition to transformational leadership? laissez-faire leadership visionary leadership superleadership charismatic leadership
A. laissez-faire leadership
3. According to the textbook, the concept of power is inextricably linked with which management concept? leadership motivation social intelligence teamwork
A. leadership
10. The silverback gorilla is considered by its family group as the one in charge because of his formal place in the family hierarchy. The group looks to him for guidance on eating and sleeping locations, when it is time to move, and to settle family disputes. The silverback can be described as having ______. legitimate power referent power reward power personal power
A. legitimate power
37. Myla is in charge of producing 100 air conditioning units a day. Her team knows that if they do not meet this requirement, they could possibly get a pay cut or lose their jobs. Using the Blake Mouton Grid, Myla has a ______ concern for people and a ______ concern for production. low; high low; low high; low high; high
A. low; high
61. A/An ______ is a neutral third party who attempts to assist parties in a negotiation to find a resolution or come to an agreement using rational arguments and persuasion. mediator arbitrator intermediary conciliator
A. mediator
62. The chief role of a/an ______ is to get the opposing parties to communicate again rather than providing a solution or a decision, and cannot impose his or her views on the parties. mediator arbitrator intermediary conciliator
A. mediator
64. People are more likely to engage in political behavior in organizations when ______. monetary rewards are limited profits are soaring ethical protocols are in place competition is low
A. monetary rewards are limited
54. Although parts of Martin's job are tedious, he tends to approach the tasks so that he still finds them pleasurable. That is, he completes the most boring parts of the task first so that he can look forward to the more interesting tasks. He also schedules a coffee break to treat himself after the tasks are complete. Martin exemplifies which strategy of self-leadership? natural reward cognitive dissonance behavior focused constructive thought pattern
A. natural reward
Chapter 11 1. Which element below is defined as a clash between individuals or groups due to different opinions, thought processes, and perceptions? negotiation competition conflict avoidance
A. negotiation
54. Jackson and Violet are CEOs of competing restaurants. For the past year, they have been exploring the possibility of a merger, but they can't seem to agree on terms. Before they meet, they need to perform the first step of any negotiation process. Which of the following would be the best first step for each of them? outline the goals and objectives they each would like to achieve prepare a new mission for the new combined company consider which employees to keep and which ones to let go after the merger buy new outfits for their waitstaff
A. outline the goals and objectives they each would like to achieve
40. Greer has a report that will require some extra assistance from her coworkers who are also her friends. She is hoping that they will jump on board considering she just had a great BBQ for them last weekend. Which tactic is Greer using to influence her coworkers? personal appeals rational appeals coalition building inspirational appeals
A. personal appeals
78. When in the weeds, people tend to engage in politics using which of the following? personal influence and informal networks organizational power and informal networks personal influence and formal networks organizational power and formal networks
A. personal influence and informal networks
25. Mark has a reputation as being a popular professor. He is tough, but he is also known to be able to explain tough concepts to students, and he makes them feel proud of themselves after they become masters of the material. Mark has which type of power? personal power coercive power reward power legitimate power
A. personal power
69. Ed has worked for his company for a year, yet the company is starting to lay off people. Ed recently started making an effort to run into his bosses at lunch, on the elevator, at the gym, and so on. He goes out of his way to tell his bosses how great they are and how important they are to the company. Ed is engaging in which of the following? politics rational persuasion coalition building leadership
A. politics
15. Which type of conflict refers to the clash in viewpoints about how to carry out work? process structural relationship task
A. process
9. If handled appropriately, which element below allows every viewpoint to be heard and discussed, giving the individuals a sense of recognition and job satisfaction? process conflict structural conflict relationship conflict task conflict
A. process conflict
55. When Jim resigned from his position at a tech firm, the terms of his ownership remained unclear. He had some ownership in the company, but the company had grown significantly from the time when he originally negotiated the terms. He and the majority owner decide to meet to resolve their disagreement. Before the meeting they each outline their objectives and goals regarding the situation. At the beginning of the meeting, they set ground rules and expectations for the negotiations. According to the negotiation process outlined in your text, what should be their next step? provide supporting evidence for their positions bring in a consultant to study the problem implement a third-party plan write and sign a formal agreement
A. provide supporting evidence for their positions
29. Which tactic for influencing others is the use of logic, reason, and evidence to convince another person that cooperation in a task is worthwhile? rational appeals upward appeals exchange ingratiation
A. rational appeals
27. Which type of power can be explained as people naturally gravitating toward a leader who comes across as fair, approachable, and adept at handling certain situations? referent power expert power reward power legitimate power
A. referent power
28. Troy is a handsome well-liked manager at the local hardware store. He typically will work late so that he does not have to make one of his employees stay late and he supports his staff. Troy is seen as fair and good at handling customer disputes. Troy is a good example of having which type of power? referent power expert power reward power legitimate power
A. referent power
14. Dillon does not like Luke. No matter what Luke suggests at the weekly meeting, Dillon disagrees, even to the most simple or unimportant ideas. Dillon and Luke are experiencing ______. relationship conflict structural conflict task conflict dysfunctional conflict
A. relationship conflict
66. Which of the following is one of the political behaviors described in the textbook? self-promotion reverse integration mentoring cutting costs
A. self-promotion
76. Putting your feelings aside to find a solution that satisfies both parties is considered which strategy for integrative bargaining? separate the people from the problem focus on positions, not interests generate a variety of possibilities insist on some fair standard
A. separate the people from the problem
23. What are the three early leadership perspectives that focus on different ways in which a great leader is created? trait, behavioral, and contingency theories drive, knowledge, and cognitive theories initiating structure, consideration, and cognitive theories transactional, visionary, and empowering theories
A. trait, behavioral, and contingency theories
12. Which characteristic is more associated with leaders than managers? visionary trains and develops promote stability ensure operations run smoothly
A. visionary
44. How many influencing tactics are explained in the textbook? 3 11 5 24
B. 11
79. According to recent estimates, how many CEOs of fortune1000 companies are women? 5 32 50 77
B. 32
21. ______ is a conflict management strategy that attempts to adjust one's views to play down differences between parties. Compromise Accommodation Avoidance Competition
B. Accommodation
57. ______ is a pattern of values-based leadership behavior based on honesty, practicality, and ethicality. Ethical leadership Authentic leadership Spiritual leadership Servant leadership
B. Authentic leadership
78. It is always wise to have a ______, which is the best outcome you could achieve if the negotiation fails and you must follow another course of action. CAT BATNA NATBAT ZOPA
B. BATNA
13. Which of the following statements is true of both managers and leaders? If someone is a leader, then they are also a manager and vice versa. Both leaders and managers work with people, set goals, and influence others to achieve goals. Both leaders and managers create a vision and introduce change. Both leaders and managers maintain the status quo and work to keep things stable.
B. Both leaders and managers work with people, set goals, and influence others to achieve goals.
30. What did the Blake Mouton Grid reaffirm with the findings of the Ohio State studies? Consideration of production is more important than employee's consideration. Consideration of employees leads to a higher performing workforce. Consideration is the most important aspect of leadership. Produce or perish is the most important concern of leadership.
B. Consideration of employees leads to a higher performing workforce.
65. ______ is the process of leading across different cultures. Multicultural leadership Cross-cultural leadership Ethnic leadership GLOBE leadership
B. Cross-cultural leadership
69. ______ bargaining strategy is better suited to short-term bargaining with people you are unlikely to deal with again than to the building of long-term relationships, which require a degree of give and take. Integrative Distributive Assimilative Dissemination
B. Distributive
3. ______ consists of productive and healthy disputes between individuals or groups. Utilitarian conflict Functional conflict Practical conflict Dysfunctional conflict
B. Functional conflict
39. Tre concludes that he has been placed in his superior Gwyneth's out-group. Which of the following statements is likely true? Tre should do nothing, he will have plenty of career opportunities in the out-group. It will be hard for Tre to move into Gwyneth's in-group, so he should consider leaving the organization. If he works hard, he will soon be able to easily move to the in-group. Tre is likely perceived as loyal, trustworthy, and skilled by Gwyneth.
B. It will be hard for Tre to move into Gwyneth's in-group, so he should consider leaving the organization.
7. Chandra and Jim are managers at XYX Company. They each manage 10 people. Chandra manages primarily by threatening her employees that their pay will be docked if they don't meet their sales quotas set by the company. Jim, on the other hand, manages his employees to meet the sales quotas by treating them with respect and helping them overcome any obstacles in their daily work. According to the text, which manager should be more effective? Chandra, because psychology research shows that coercive power is effective. Jim, because the psychology research shows that social intelligence is the key to effective managerial success Both Chandra and Jim, because they both have legitimate power. Chandra, because she demonstrates superleadership skills.
B. Jim, because the psychology research shows that social intelligence is the key to effective managerial success
5. Which of the following statements is true about leadership and power? Leaders have power for the same basic reasons. Leaders have power for different reasons. It is necessary to have coercive power for a leader to be effective. It is necessary to have expert power for a leader to be effective.
B. Leaders have power for different reasons.
Chapter 12 1. ______ is a process of providing general direction from a position of influence to individuals or groups toward the successful attainment of goals. Management Leadership Empowerment Motivation
B. Leadership
9. ______ is the leader's officially sanctioned authority to ask others to do things. Coercive power Legitimate power Expert power Reward power
B. Legitimate power
19. ______ is power than is based on the way that authority is distributed among individuals and teams within an organization. Expert power Organizational power Personal power Referent power
B. Organizational power
66. ______ concluded that individuals from different cultures or societal clusters associate certain sets of beliefs or preconceived notions with leaders. Project Excellence . Project GLOBE Project Leadership Project International
B. Project GLOBE
52. ______ takes place when people oppose the influencer's request by refusing to do it or arguing against carrying out the task. Compliance Resistance Adherence Commitment
B. Resistance
2. ______, or our ability to negotiate, resolve conflicts, and understand the goals of others, is key to gaining power in organizations Teamwork Social intelligence Motivation Leadership
B. Social intelligence
74. Which of the following statements is true regarding gender and career demands? The burden of balancing domestic responsibilities with work typically falls to men. The burden of balancing domestic responsibilities with work typically falls to women. Women receive more challenging tasks because of assumed domestic responsibilities. Because women are assumed to be multitaskers, they receive more promotions than men.
B. The burden of balancing domestic responsibilities with work typically falls to women.
59. Andrew resigned from his position, but feels his organization owes him severance due to the conditions that caused him to resign. His company disagrees. Before a judge will hear their case, he instructs them to meet with a conciliator. Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of the conciliator? The opinion offered by the conciliator will be legally binding. The conciliator may offer an opinion, but it will not be legally binding. The conciliator should not offer an opinion on the dispute. The conciliator will require the parties to sign a legally binding document at the conclusion of the meeting.
B. The conciliator may offer an opinion, but it will not be legally binding.
80. Which of the following best describes the political situation when people are in "the woods"? A. They are focusing on underlying norms rather than directly examining the issues. B. They are directly examining the issues rather than the underlying norms. C. They are ignoring both the issues and the norms that underlie the issues. D. They are attending to both the direct issues and the underlying norms.
B. They are directly examining the issues rather than the underlying norms.
50. Which of the following statements is true regarding psychological contracts in organizations? They determine the degree to which employees trust organizations to value their efforts. They determine the length of time an employee is expected to work for the organization. They determine the pay agreements between the employee and the organization. They determine the distribution of vacation and benefits in organizations.
B. They determine the length of time an employee is expected to work for the organization.
72. Which of the following statements is true regarding people with political skill? They tend to be less able to tolerate stress than other people. They tend to gain more personal power than other people. They tend to have more trouble getting promoted than other people. They tend to disconnect from the organization early in their career
B. They tend to gain more personal power than other people.
22. Which conflict management system can be explained as the willingness to give up just about anything in order to preserve the relationship with the other party? compromise accommodation avoidance competition
B. accommodation
29. Jack and Diane are trying to decide which movie to attend. Jack loves action and adventure and Diane prefers sci-fi. Diane is prepared to hard sell her movie picks, but was pleasantly surprised when Jack told her "just pick it. Anything you want is fine with me." Which conflict management strategy did Jack use? collaboration accommodation compromise avoidance
B. accommodation
63. A/An ______ is a neutral third party officially assigned to settle a dispute who listens to both sides of the argument then has the option to issue a binding decision. mediator arbitrator intermediary conciliator
B. arbitrator
64. The decision made by a/an ______ is legally binding for all parties. mediator arbitrator intermediary conciliator
B. arbitrator
78. What should be altered to change stereotypes in the workplace? emotional regulation attitudes and perceptual distortions leadership styles behavioral intentions
B. attitudes and perceptual distortions
77. According to studies, men tend to follow a ______ leadership style and women follow a ______ leadership style. participative; transformational autocratic; transformational transformational; participative transformational; autocratic
B. autocratic; transformational
26. The biggest problem with the ______ style of conflict management is that both parties may end up giving away too much and neither ends up satisfied. collaborating compromising competition accommodating
B. compromising
31. Allison requests changes in holiday hours at her store. She recognizes that the owners think it best to keep long hours, but she knows that her team becomes fatigued by the end of the season. When she speaks to the owners, she is both assertive and cooperative. She has several items that her team must have, but she is also willing to make some concessions in order to satisfy the needs of the owners. In the end, everyone feels they will have a healthier and successful holiday season because of her conversation. Allison uses a ______ style of conflict management. competition compromising cooperating collaborating
B. compromising
51. Which two leadership perspectives facilitate and encourage self-leadership? transactional and shared empowering and shared emotional and liberating authoritarian and participative
B. empowering and shared
16. Of the four basic types of leaders, which one is also called to Superleadership? transactional leadership empowering leadership directive leadership visionary leadership
B. empowering leadership
43. Kira does not like to empty the trash in their office. She has decided to offer a little bonus to whomever will take the trash out every evening before the close of business. Kira is using ______ as a tactic for influencing the people in her office. personal appeals exchange coalition building inspirational appeals
B. exchange
23. A team working on a project will look to their leader for guidance if he or she is the one with the knowledge and experience necessary for the task to be done. This is an example of which type of power? referent power expert power reward power legitimate power
B. expert power
24. Cousteau has had many sea experiences in his past. He is once again placed in charge of a vessel that has a mission to study dolphins. He looks forward to this new mission, even though he has done many similar excursions in the past, because he has a new group of students who are eager to learn from him. Cousteau has which type of power? referent power expert power reward power legitimate power
B. expert power
6. Which type of leadership is officially designated by the organization? official leader formal leader authorized leader endorsed leader
B. formal leader
4. For ______ to be successful, individuals from opposing sides need to be genuinely interested in finding a resolution to the problem and willing to listen to each other. negotiation functional conflict competitive conflict dysfunctional conflict
B. functional conflict
34. Monroe's department is making a tough decision on enrollment numbers. Monroe is the only person who can access enrollment data. He realizes that the information will hinder his argument, so he decides to act like he cannot access the specific data that everyone is requesting. Monroe is using ______ as an influence tactic. exchange information control coalition building assertiveness
B. information control
38. Taking someone out for dinner before requesting that they do you a favor can be considered which tactic for influencing others? inspirational appeals ingratiation consultation personal appeals
B. ingratiation
41. One of the four dimensions of transformational leadership, ______ promotes commitment to a shared vision of the future. idealized influence inspirational motivation intellectual stimulation individualized consideration
B. inspirational motivation
32. Fred E. Fielder claimed that leadership style was dependent on what three situational variables? task structure, centralization of process, and position power leader-member relations, task structure, and leader's position power centralization of process, power position, and task structure team-member relations, task structure, and political strength
B. leader-member relations, task structure, and leader's position power
7. In the ______ conflict stage of the conflict process, people engage in behaviors that provoke a response? antecedents perceived/felt manifest outcomes
B. perceived/felt
71. When people hold the interests of the organization above their own interests, provide high levels of feedback to employees, and maintain good working relationships to achieve results, then ______ will have positive results. visibility political skill ethic reciprocity disconnecting
B. political skill
68. Brice works in sales, but none of the sales reps in his office are allowed to have laptops. Brice knows that if he could get his hands on a laptop, he could sell more than anyone in the office. He secretly figures out a way to sneak a laptop in his office and immediately his sales start to soar. This action by Brice is a direct example of which OB concept? cognitive dissonance politics commitment ingratiation
B. politics
53. Which outcome is considered to be the worst reaction to an influence tactic? compliance resistance adherence commitment
B. resistance
54. Which outcome to influence tactics causes bad feelings and distrust? compliance resistance adherence commitment
B. resistance
55. Jane's dad told her to empty the dishwasher before he got home from the gym or she would have a consequence. Jane felt that it was not her turn to do this chore and therefore watched TV instead. Jane's dad received which outcome for his influence tactic? compliance resistance adherence commitment
B. resistance
56. What is the second step in the negotiation process outlined in the text? outlining goals and objectives setting ground rules and shaping expectations providing supporting evidence for positions write and sign a formal agreement
B. setting ground rules and shaping expectations
50. Alex has decided to lead his followers by sharing responsibility with the group, which distributes influence among his workgroup. Alex is demonstrating ______. transformational leadership shared leadership empowering leadership self-leadership
B. shared leadership
58. Which element below relies on unspoken, but acknowledged power to have managements requests fulfilled? impression management silent authority coalition formation compliance
B. silent authority
59. People with strong legitimate power usually have more success using ______ to have their requests fulfilled. assertiveness silent authority informational control upward appeals
B. silent authority
25. Behavioral leadership perspective proposes that ______. behaviors and traits are the same thing specific behaviors distinguish leaders from non-leaders behaviors can be nurtured over time characteristics of a leader are not as important as behaviors
B. specific behaviors distinguish leaders from non-leaders
63. When there is conflict at work, Bob always turns the attention of the employees toward the future and talks about forgiveness and the positive things that have been accomplished rather than the negative. His style unites followers and causes them to keep focusing on what will happen good in the future. Bob is an example of what leadership style? authentic leadership spiritual leadership servant leadership ethical leadership
B. spiritual leadership
47. When trust in the workplace is high, people are more likely to ______. be disengaged take risks have increased absenteeism show apathy toward goals
B. take risks
77. Morgan's team sometimes feel as if they are all puppets being controlled by a string. Their boss sets goals, then uses her power to change the goals as soon as people are close to accomplishing the task. She often refuses to sign off on hard work. Her team members feel that she wants to make them look bad, as she is afraid that others might perceive them as better than her. Morgan's group is effected by which type of organizational politics? the weeds the rocks the high ground the woods
B. the rocks
31. When one makes an argument that the task has been requested by higher management he or she is using ______ as an influence tactic. coalition building upward appeals rational appeals assertiveness
B. upward appeals
73. In order to gain visibility, it is important to ______. undermine colleagues work to build a coalition use ingratiation network with the right people
B. work to build a coalition
17. ______ leadership is the process of leading others to lead themselves. Transactional Visionary Empowering Directive
C. Empowering
45. ______ is defined as the capacity of individuals to cooperate with leaders. Compliance Commitment Followership Participating
C. Followership
75. Which of the following statements is true regarding LBGT in the workplace? In the United States, it is illegal in most states to fire employees if they are LBGT. Most Americans support laws that allow companies to fire LBGT employees. In the United States, it is legal in most states to fire employees if they are LBGT. Fewer than 10% of LBGT employees report harassment and discrimination at work.
C. In the United States, it is legal in most states to fire employees if they are LBGT
71. ______ occurs when both parties negotiate a win-win solution. Accommodation bargaining Competitive bargaining Integrative bargaining Distributive bargaining
C. Integrative bargaining
11. Which of the following statements is true regarding leading in comparison to managing? Leading focuses on stability and the smooth running of operations. Leading is a product of the 20th century and the industrialization era. Leading consists of creating a vision and influencing others to achieve goals. Leading focuses on the day-to-day activities to get a job done.
C. Leading consists of creating a vision and influencing others to achieve goals.
20. ______ comes from within the individual and is independent of the position he or she holds in an organization. Legitimate power Organizational power Personal power Coercive power
C. Personal power
11. ______ conflict is the clash in personality between one or more individuals in the workplace. Process Structural Relationship Task
C. Relationship
52. ______ is a process whereby people intentionally influence their thinking and behavior to achieve their objectives. Shared leadership Transformational leadership Self-leadership Empowering leadership
C. Self-leadership
58. ______ is a values-based style of leadership that motivates employees through faith, hope, and vision. Ethical leadership Authentic leadership Spiritual leadership Servant leadership
C. Spiritual leadership
58. Baker and McCoy have been in a long-term land dispute. The judge declares that there is little binding evidence to settle the dispute, and suggests they meet with a mediator to talk through their disagreement. Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of the mediator? The opinion offered by the mediator will be legally binding. The mediator may offer an opinion, but it will not be legally binding. The mediator should not offer an opinion on the dispute. The mediator will require the parties to sign a legally binding document at the conclusion of the meeting.
C. The mediator should not offer an opinion on the dispute.
74. ______ is defined as others' awareness of your presence in an organization. Conscientiousness Political skill Visibility Transparency
C. Visibility
53. One way to practice self-leadership is through ______ strategies, which include increasing one's own self-awareness and managing one's own conduct. natural reward cognitive dissonance behavior-focused constructive thought pattern
C. behavior-focused
42. Nia needs to get her staff to agree to come to work early Monday through Thursday so that they can have Friday afternoons off. Everyone in the office needs to agree to this in order for it to take place. She knows that Quentin is not a morning person, so she decides to ask him last. As soon as she had the cooperation of the rest of the staff, she asked Quentin if he would agree since the rest of the office was in compliance. Which tactic did Nia use to influence Quentin? personal appeals exchange coalition building inspirational appeals
C. coalition building
18. Annette has made it clear to her daughter, Jennifer, that she cannot stay out past 9:00 p.m. on school nights. Jennifer has come home for the third time past 9:00 p.m. with no explanation. Annette has decided that Jennifer can only go to school and to work for the rest of the month but cannot go out with friends. Annette is using what type of power? referent power expert power coercive power legitimate power
C. coercive power
39. Which type of person relies on factual information, such as someone's past experience and track record as a basis for trust? disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
C. cognition-based
40. If you are the kind of person who might be wary of a new team leader until you recognize that he or she demonstrates the character, integrity, abilities, and benevolence to lead the team, then you have a ______ trust. disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
C. cognition-based
44. Ezra and his coworkers are discussing the new boss of their department, Hudson. Ezra is surprised to hear that the consensus is positive even though they have just met the new guy. Ezra prefers to withhold judgment until he has seen how Hudson reacts to the pressures of his department and treats everyone when conflict arises. Ezra's trust is ______. disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
C. cognition-based
52. Which type of trust is used if an employee focuses on a leader's trustworthiness, ability, and integrity? disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
C. cognition-based
27. Which conflict management strategy is defined as a joint effort by all parties to find a solution beneficial to everyone? competition compromise collaboration accommodation
C. collaboration
35. Graeme is chairing a department. He saw that Doris submitted a proposal that includes resources from his department. The resources are of little importance, but he decided that since Doris failed to seek his perspective before submitting the proposal, he will make sure the proposal is not approved and will argue against passing the proposal. Graeme is engaging in what type of conflict management strategy? compromise collaboration competition avoidance
C. competition
36. Which tactic for influencing others is includes allowing others to participate in the decision-making process? inspirational appeals ingratiation consultation personal appeals
C. consultation
35. House's path-goal theory includes the interaction between which leadership styles? telling, selling, participating, and delegating directive, transactional, visionary, and empowering directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented country club, impoverished, middle-of-the-road, and team leadership
C. directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented
67. What are the two main bargaining strategies described in the textbook? distributive and assimilative bargaining dissemination and assimilative bargaining distributive and integrative bargaining dissemination and integrative bargaining
C. distributive and integrative bargaining
70. Leigh is trying to buy a used car. She knows she will need a certain amount of money to fix the car up the way she wants it afterward, and for that reason she wants a reduction in the price. However, Brent, the car salesperson, wants the maximum price he can get for the car and tells her to take it or leave it. This is known as ______. accommodating bargaining assimilative bargaining distributive bargaining competitive bargaining
C. distributive bargaining
3. Leader ______ occurs when someone naturally becomes the leader of a leaderless group. authority effectiveness emergence popularity
C. emergence
5. If the day manager of a restaurant goes home for the rest of the day, leaving the waitstaff without a leader, it is likely that leader ______ will occur. popularity authority emergence effectiveness
C. emergence
48. Camille's leadership style includes delegating power. Her employees feel motivated and inspired to achieve goals. She leads by example, coaches, informs, and shows concern for her employees. She is practicing ______. shared leadership transformational leadership empowering leadership transactional leadership
C. empowering leadership
77. When you compile a list of acceptable outcomes, you will probably have a better chance of gaining something out of the negotiation, even if it's not the first thing that you wanted. This is considered which strategy for integrative bargaining? separate the people from the problem focus on positions, not interests generate a variety of possibilities insist on some fair standard
C. generate a variety of possibilities
76. Which of the following statements represents something leaders should do to address gender inequality? measure the number of hours worked rather than the quality of work send employees, especially women and lower-level employees, to diversity training make active efforts to recruit and promote women to leadership positions Only allow women to use family-friendly benefits
C. make active efforts to recruit and promote women to leadership positions
57. Which element below is considered a "soft" influence tactic? coalition formation information control personal appeal assertiveness
C. personal appeal
Chapter 13 1. Which element below is defined as the capacity to influence the actions of others? authority competence power potential
C. power
57. What is the third step in the negotiation process outlined in the text? outlining goals and objectives setting ground rules and shaping expectations providing supporting evidence for positions write and sign a formal agreement
C. providing supporting evidence for positions
48. A/An ______ represents unwritten expectations between employees and organizations about the way employees are treated within an organization. social network affect-based trust psychological contract trust outcome
C. psychological contract
12. Overall, ______ conflict is considered the most destructive and harmful to organizations because it can give rise to hostility, mistrust, fear, and negativity. process structural relationship task
C. relationship
13. If a manager inspires employees by promising salary raises, bonuses, and promotions, they are using which type of power? referent power expert power reward power legitimate power
C. reward power
14. Lord Wolfson, CEO of clothing company Next, gave his entire annual bonus of US$3.6 million to his employees as a reward for their commitment and hard work. This scenario is an example of which type of power? referent power expert power reward power legitimate power
C. reward power
15. When used appropriately, which power can motivate, but if used unethically or distributed based on favoritism, can lead to demoralization and apathy? referent power expert power reward power legitimate power
C. reward power
59. When leaders practice ______, they influence others through personal values, morals, and beliefs. authentic leadership spiritual leadership servant leadership ethical leadership
C. servant leadership
61. Jason has no need for recognition in his job. He is more interested in his team succeeding and the greater good of their community. What type of values-based leadership style is he exhibiting? authentic leadership spiritual leadership servant leadership ethical leadership
C. servant leadership
6. Leaders are considered more just and fair if they ______. are perceived as having all of the power use coercive power whenever possible share power with subordinates rely on reward power to motivate followers
C. share power with subordinates
46. When trust is high, ______ tends to be reduced. risk-taking low level of absenteeism social loafing Citizenship behavior
C. social loafing
13. Kiki and Bethany are considering how to complete their project for class. They sit down together to discuss their ideas and brainstorm. Kiki wants to do a video presentation while Bethany thinks a classic paper would be best. After debating the two ideas, they decided to do a live presentation with a handout explaining the main points. Kiki and Bethany had ______. relationship conflict structural conflict task conflict dysfunctional conflict
C. task conflict
76. Weishen's department is paralyzed by the rules and regulations within the organization. Anytime a decision is to be made, they want to create a policy to show that the decision would be applied in the same way when faced with future decisions. This desire to work within policies is impediment to progress. Weishen's group is most likely effected by which type of organizational politics? the weeds the rocks the high ground the woods
C. the high ground
63. Which of the following is an example of an organizational factor that could impact political behavior in organizations? the personality of the manager the stress level of the CEO the lack of bonus money personal desire for power
C. the lack of bonus money
24. Which leadership perspective theory explores the relationship between leaders' personal qualities and characteristics and the way their traits differentiate leaders from nonleaders? contingency leadership perspective knowledge leadership perspective trait leadership perspective behavioral leadership perspective
C. trait leadership perspective
15. Willis from Popits Press has created a list of sales goals. When employees reach each level of sales goal, they receive a reward. What type of leadership is being represented? directive leader visionary leader transactional leader empowering leader
C. transactional leader
40. The ______ leader inspires followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization and commit to a shared vision. inspirational transactional transformational intellectual
C. transformational
36. Which element below is defined as the dependence on the integrity, ability, honesty, and reliability of someone or something else? faith assurance trust conviction
C. trust
19. Of the four leadership types, which one encourages their followers to share in the mission and expects them to commit to him or her as they work toward the desired goal? directive transactional visionary empowering
C. visionary
33. The Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) questionnaire measures which of the following? the communication style of a leader the ability to lead teams whether a leader is task-orientated or relationship-orientated the best and worst possible team members with a self-managing team
C. whether a leader is task-orientated or relationship-orientated
32. ______ style of conflict management is appropriate when the issues are of low importance or when more information is forthcoming to help settle the conflict. Acclimation Collaboration Competition Avoidance
D. Avoidance
43. What is the main difference between transformational leaders and charismatic leaders? Charismatic leaders have idealized and inspirational motivations. Transformational leaders may place more emphasis on their own needs and interests. Transformational leaders fully delegate responsibility to others. Charismatic leaders may place more emphasis on their own needs and interests.
D. Charismatic leaders may place more emphasis on their own needs and interests.
4. Recent psychological research suggests which of the following statements is true about coercive power? Coercive power is more effective than other types of power. Coercive power is likely to decrease turnover in organizations. Coercive power is related to satisfaction and performance. Coercive power is less effective than other types of power.
D. Coercive power is less effective than other types of power.
5. ______ consists of disputes and disagreements that negatively affect individuals and/or teams. Negotiation Functional conflict Competitive conflict Dysfunctional conflict
D. Dysfunctional conflict
21. ______ leadership shifts the focus from the leader to the follower through the idea of self-leadership. Directive Transactional Visionary Empowering
D. Empowering
36. Louis is a military leader and his team often encounters emergency situations. When in emergency situations, Louis should use which of the following leadership styles? Hersey and Blanchard's telling style Blake and Mouton's "produce or perish" style House's directive leadership style Fiedler's high LPC approach
D. Fiedler's high LPC approach
72. ______ bargaining is best for parties that want to build long-term relationships with each other. Collaboration bargaining Competitive bargaining Distributive bargaining Integrative bargaining
D. Integrative bargaining
53. ______ is defined as the process of reaching an agreement that both parties find acceptable. Deliberation Conciliation Negotiation Mediation
D. Mediation
26. Which university research included a two-dimensional view of leadership behavior including initiating structure and consideration? Arizona State University University of Michigan University of Oregon Ohio State University
D. Ohio State University
32. ______ is a request to cooperate on the basis of friendship or as a personal favor. Inspirational appeals Ingratiation Consultation Personal appeals
D. Personal appeals
12. ______ is use of incentives to influence the actions of others. Coercive power Legitimate power Expert power Reward power
D. Reward power
49. ______ distributes influence among groups and individuals to achieve organizational or team goals. Transactional leadership Empowering leadership Transformational leadership Shared leadership
D. Shared leadership
33. ______ is an influence tactic that relies on unspoken but acknowledged power. Information control Ingratiation Consultation Silent authority
D. Silent authority
2. Which of the following statements is true regarding the outcomes of conflict stage of the conflict process? Conflict in organizations always has negative outcomes when the antecedents of conflict are severe. Conflict in organizations always has positive outcomes when the antecedents of conflict are minor. Whether outcomes are positive or negative depends on antecedents of conflict. Whether outcomes are positive or negative depends on how manifest conflict is handled.
D. Whether outcomes are positive or negative depends on how manifest conflict is handled.
79. ______ is the area where two sides in a negotiation may find common ground. CAT BATNA NATBAT ZOPA
D. ZOPA
30. It is reasonable to use the ______ conflict management strategy when the issue at hand is something of little importance to you. acclimation collaboration competition accommodation
D. accommodation
41. Which type of trust occurs when people put their faith in others based on feelings and emotions? disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
D. affect-based
42. Which type of trust is described as one is more likely to trust a new team leader if one feels one has made an emotional connection with him or her? disposition-based perception-based cognition-based affect-based
D. affect-based
39. When a parent tells their child "do it because I said so," they are using which tactic for influencing others? coalition building upward appeals rational appeals assertiveness
D. assertiveness
70. Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these is the dimension that signifies supportive, considerate compassionate and generous leadership? charismatic/value-based team-oriented humane-oriented autonomous
D. autonomous
71. Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these is thought to impede outstanding leadership? charismatic/value-based team-oriented participative autonomous
D. autonomous
19. Which conflict management strategy is defined as an attempt to suppress a conflict and pretend it does not exist? A. acclimation B. collaboration C. competition D. avoidance
D. avoidance
20. The goal of the ______ style of conflict management is to avoid making a decision at whatever cost. Neither your concerns nor the concerns of the other party need be satisfied. acclimation collaboration competition avoidance
D. avoidance
33. Siva does not like nor understand why LaShonda does some of the things she does at work. He has trouble working with her and thinks that the organization would be better off without her. He decides not to voice his concerns about LaShonda because he plans on switching departments next month. Siva is using which type of conflict management strategy? acclimation collaboration competition avoidance
D. avoidance
28. The Ohio State and University of Michigan studies researched which concept? the leadership characteristics perspective trait leadership perspective contingency leadership perspective behavioral leadership perspective
D. behavioral leadership perspective
28. Sometimes called a "win-win" strategy, the ______ style of conflict management strategies strives to make sure that both sides are satisfied. competition compromise cooperation collaboration
D. collaboration
46. Which influence tactic outcome occurs when people are enthusiastic and fully in agreement with an action or decision? compliance resistance adherence commitment
D. commitment
48. Which outcome is considered to be the best reaction to an influence tactic? compliance resistance adherence commitment
D. commitment
51. Amy asked her staff of three to help make the new guy, John, feel welcome. They all jump right in to welcoming John by showing him around the office, inviting him to lunch, and helping him settle into his new position. She noticed that they continued to help John throughout the week. Which outcome did Amy receive for her request? compliance resistance adherence commitment
D. commitment
47. When people are ______, they are motivated to put in the extra effort to successfully reach a goal. compliant resistant coerced committed
D. committed
23. Which conflict management strategy is defined as an attempt to gain victory through force, skill, or domination? compromise accommodation avoidance competition
D. competition
24. A ______ style of conflict management is one in which the concerns and the position of the opposition are completely ignored. compromise accommodation avoidance competition
D. competition
29. The Blake Mouton Grid, which was an extension of the results published from the Ohio State studies, plots ______. concern for motivation and concern for leadership concern for planning and concern for organizing concern for influencing and concern for communicating concern for production and concern for people
D. concern for production and concern for people
65. A/An ______ is a neutral third party who is informally assigned to persuade opponents to communicate, and may informally offer an opinion even though the opinion is not legally binding. mediator arbitrator intermediary conciliator
D. conciliator
66. While a/an ______ may offer an opinion on a case, the opinion does not carry legal weight. mediator arbitrator intermediary conciliator
D. conciliator
56. When practicing self-leadership, ______ strategies involves modification of certain key mental thought processes to be more positive and optimistic in our thinking patterns. natural reward cognitive dissonance behavior focused constructive thought pattern
D. constructive thought pattern
68. The key findings of the GLOBE project are collectively referred to as the ______ theory. diversity culture international endorsed super leadership endorsed culturally endorsed leadership
D. culturally endorsed leadership
69. Hana was just promoted to a new division outside of her country. She is nervous about leading people outside of her norm. What theory should Hana use to help assess how she should communicate and lead in this new country? diversity culture international endorsed super leadership endorsed culturally endorsed leadership
D. culturally endorsed leadership
6. High levels of which type of conflict can lead to absenteeism, turnover, and a substantial drop in work performance, all of which can have a devastating effect on organizational goals and objectives? negotiation functional conflict competitive conflict dysfunctional conflict
D. dysfunctional conflict
60. Servant leaders place an emphasis on ______ rather than on the leader. organizations and teams profits and revenues the homeless and the hungry employees and community
D. employees and community
62. Bernie and Co's employees know that their leader, Elizabeth, rewards behavior that upholds organizational values and ethical behavior more so than the bottom line. Elizabeth is fair and honest, and she practices what she preaches. Elizabeth is an example of what leadership style? authentic leadership spiritual leadership servant leadership ethical leadership
D. ethical leadership
21. What are the two main types of personal power? coercive and expert power reward and specialist power legitimate and reward power expert and referent power
D. expert and referent power
38. Leader-member exchange theory explains that people are often subconsciously placed into two different groups of followers. What are the two groups? minority group and majority group leadership group and follower group telling group and selling group in-group exchange and out-group exchange
D. in-group exchange and out-group exchange
7. Annette is part of the nursing staff in St. Joseph's emergency room. Her coworkers often look to her for guidance when assisting patients because of her high clinical competencies. Annette has become a/an ______. unofficial leader natural leader management leader informal leader
D. informal leader
75. Referring your boss to a published document showing average salaries in your field is an example of which strategy for integrative bargaining? separate the people from the problem focus on positions, not interests generate a variety of possibilities insist on some fair standard
D. insist on some fair standard
41. Gage is trying to get his staff to take on an extra case, pro bono. He thinks that it is important to give back to society and to take care of his community. He appeals to his staff by explaining the positive feelings that they will feel by giving back to their community and how it is the morally right thing to do. Which tactic is Gage using to influence his staff? personal appeals rational appeals coalition building inspirational appeals
D. inspirational appeals
74. Heather owns a hair accessory company. She is looking to negotiate with her fabric supplier, which provides swimsuit material scraps, to reach a mutually beneficial agreement. Heather wants the supplier to consistently provide it with high-quality fabrics at a fair price within the allotted time frames. The fabric supplier would also be able to sell its otherwise unused scraps. The fabric supplier agrees and a formal contract is arranged. In the end, Heather has negotiated a long-term contract with the fabric supplier at a fair price, and the fabric supplier is guaranteed a new stream of business from Heather. Which type of bargaining does this scenario illustrate? distributive bargaining competitive bargaining compromise bargaining integrative bargaining
D. integrative bargaining
4. The CEO of Demix, Chris, is absent or not engaged with day-to-day activities. Out of the two department heads, Giselle and Bryton, Giselle takes on the responsibilities of leading the two groups. What concept does this represent? leader popularity leader effectiveness leader empowerment leader emergence
D. leader emergence
11. By virtue of their organizational position, managers have the formal authority or power to give orders and approve or deny employee requests. This explains which type of power? expert power referent power coercive power legitimate power
D. legitimate power
80. When women do embrace more autocratic styles, they are often perceived ______. as acting a role rather than as sincere the same as a man displaying similar characteristics more positively than a man displaying similar characteristics more negatively than a man displaying similar characteristics
D. more negatively than a man displaying similar characteristics
14. Which of the following characteristics is associated with transactional leadership? develop skills of followers making decisions without asking for suggestions focus on the technical task motivate with rewards
D. motivate with rewards
62. What are the two main factors that influence organizational politics? agency and individual corporate and customer association and character organizational and individual
D. organizational and individual
60. Which element below is defined as behaviors that are not formally sanctioned by the organization and that are focused on maximizing self-interest, often at the expense of the organization or other employees? commitment coalition building organizational culture organizational politics
D. organizational politics
8. What are the two sources of power discussed in the textbook? legitimate power and coercive power conglomerate power and individual power expert power and referent power organizational power and personal power
D. organizational power and personal power
18. The stage of the conflict process where emotional differences are sensed and felt is called ______. outcomes of conflict manifest conflict antecedents of conflict perceived conflict
D. perceived conflict
16. Jason comments in passing that it would be nice to have so much vacation time. Joan thinks, "That's odd--I haven't taken vacation this month." Jason and Joan are likely in which stage of the conflict process? outcomes of conflict stage manifest conflict stage antecedents of conflict stage perceived/felt stage
D. perceived/felt stage
65. An example of an individual factor that could impact political behavior in organizations is the ______. culture of the organization mission statement of the company mission of the department in question personality of the manager
D. personality of the manager
67. John works for Super Sales Company. He has been first in sales for the past year, but this year Steve is close to John's numbers. John is not happy about this and works with his boss to get some of Steve's clients assigned to John. This behavior by John is an example of ______. cognitive dissonance ingratiation commitment politics
D. politics
55. Genevieve realizes that she has a particularly arduous task ahead of her. Before she starts working, Genevieve visualizes the project in its completed form. She also decides to set a goal of completing the more tedious tasks first. Then, once she has completed the project, she sets a reward for herself. Genevieve is practicing ______. authentic leadership self-determination self-confidence self-leadership
D. self-leadership
72. Of the six dimensions of the culturally endorsed leadership theory, which one of these is thought to inhibit outstanding leadership? charismatic/value-based team-oriented participative self-protective
D. self-protective
10. Low levels of ______ conflict are believed to have the most positive effect on organizations by stimulating creativity, healthy competition, and critical thinking among the individuals. process structural relationship task
D. task
8. Which element below refers to a clash between individuals about the direction, content, or goals of a work assignment? process conflict structural conflict relationship conflict task conflict
D. task conflict
51. Which of the following statements is most likely to build one's social network, causing others to want to work with him? making political posts on social media being known for hoarding information on work projects providing harsh criticism when others see things differently than you telling the truth even when it makes you look bad
D. telling the truth even when it makes you look bad
75. Carson's team has been arguing over several issues for months. At some point, he recognizes that everyone from the marketing division prefers one outcome, but everyone from the research division prefers a different outcome. Overtime, he recognizes that it doesn't matter the issue; the two divisions are always on different sides. He starts to think that there may be some underlying issue driving the conflict. Carson's group is most likely effected by which type of organizational politics? the weeds the rocks the high ground the woods
D. the woods
49. A ______ describes the recurrent patterns of interaction with others that take place when carrying out work activities. social network disposition-based trust psychological contract trust outcome
D. trust outcome
34. In Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model, ______ is a directive approach in which leaders give clear instructions and guidance to followers. telling selling participating delegating
a. telling
22. ______ is the ability to influence the behavior of others through the possession of knowledge or expertise on which others depend. Referent power Legitimate power Expert power Reward power
c. expert power
2. When someone provides general direction from a position of influence to individuals or groups toward the attainment of goals one would be in a position of ______. motivation management empowerment leadership
d. Leadership