Organizational Behavior

Which of the steps make up the PLAN part of Plan Do Check Act (check all that apply)? 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4

On average, how long does it take after managers have started supervising people before they get leadership training? 6 months Immediately 10 years 1 year 5 years

10 years

About how long does it take for a meaningful change in testosterone and cortisol 24 hours A lifetime 2 minutes 30 seconds As long as this video

2 minutes

Approximately what percent of your audience will like you no matter what you do? 5% 20% 35% 50% 80% 100%

20%

What does the 80/20 rule state?

20% of your efforts end up producing 80% of your results

Problem-solving team

A dental clinic wants to replace its paper-based record-keeping system with an electric one. The head of the clinic puts together a team of IT professionals to choose which software system to buy and then implement it.

BillyBob decides to text his friend with some really devastating news. He's thinking this is the "best" way to communicate this sort of news. Based on what you know, BillyBob should have really chosen: An email Face-to-face communication Nothing different; a text is fine Video message Carrier pigeon

Face-to-face communication

If I spend most of tonight studying, will it improve my grade on tomorrow's math exam? Expectancy Instrumentality Valence None of these

Expectancy

Identify the Power: Why do CEOs listen to R&D directors? Legitimate Reward Coercive Expert Referent

Expert

Which are personal powers? Coercive Expert Legitimate Reward Referent

Expert Referent

The high need for affiliation is highly correlated with which of these? Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Extraversion

Depression is the most common form of mental illness True False

False

Having the third option of the Economist subscription had no impact on how people chose their subscription. True False

False

Ideally we'd like to have no deviance in teams. True False

False

If someone is low in neuroticism, they tend to experience more negative than positive emotions. True False

False

Maintaining eye contact generally means to stare at a person without looking away. This shows confidence and builds trust with the other person(s). True False

False

Men are more effective as leaders: True False

False

Not surprisingly, one of the top skills executives want from management grads is leadership. True False

False

Over the past 50+ years, we have been able to identify which traits make a good leader. True False

False

Someone who would "free solo" climb El Capitan in Yosemite National Park would most likely be low on Openness to Experience. True False

False

Stress and anxiety are more or less the same thing. True False

False

Successful teams make it a priority to point fingers at others when something has gone wrong. True False

False

The difference between wellness programs and assistance programs is that assistance programs are designed to keep employees healthy, while wellness programs are designed to help employees when they are in need of help. True False

False

The nominal group technique and brainstorming are synonymous: True False

False

The statistics from the CU campus are way worse than most other schools in the States. True False

False

The uniforms that Apple employees wear would be considered "below the water" on Schein's iceberg. True False

False

Well-being is a common topic to see in a business class such as this one. True False

False

With respect to Barry Schwartz' research, we know that satisfaction often comes when we have many choices. True False

False

Identify the Power: Why do kids emulate stars? Legitimate Reward Coercive Expert Referent

Referent

What does ROWE stand for? Mike Rowe, a guy on TV Results Only Work Extrinsically Really Only Works Externally Results-Only Work Environment

Results-Only Work Environment

Every year, LittleBigSoft holds a company picnic for its employees in order to build and reinforce common bonds. This is an example of a: Rites of Passage Rites of Integration Rites of Enhancement Rites of Community

Rites of Integration

The body releases oxytocin as a defense mechanism partly to try to get you to Exercise more Calm down Spend more time on social media Seek human interaction Have more confidence

Seek human interaction

Cross-functional team

Simon, a top Human Resources manager, meets weekly with managers form the information systems, product development, and accounting departments.

What are the three major points Ms. Sandberg made for increasing the number of women leaders? (check all that apply) Sit On The Couch Sit At The Table Make Your Partner a Real Partner Don't Leave Before You Leave Don't Play With Dads at Mommy and Me Don't Put Your Hand Down

Sit At The Table Make Your Partner a Real Partner Don't Leave Before You Leave

What main reason is given for why people in some countries choose to join (or not to join) the organ donor program more than in other countries? Peer pressure Moral reasons Ethical reasons The amount of money received for signing up. The way the form at the DMV is designed

The way the form at the DMV is designed

An example of an external locus of control would be someone who thinks it's the exam's fault they didn't do well on it. True False

True

Contrary to what we might think, conflict, if it's functional, is a good thing for a team. True False

True

Drinking the company Kool-Aid generally refers to companies that have a strong culture. True False

True

Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is a better predictor of leadership effectiveness than Intelligence (IQ). True False

True

Employee wellness programs don't always work. True False

True

Employers will benefit financially from addressing these issues. True False

True

Impression management is about portraying the best version of yourself to others. True False

True

Risk Management is predominantly involved in financial and legal risk assessment. True False

True

Something we know to be true about brainstorming is that teams are terrible at idea generation but great at idea judgment. True False

True

The opposite of extraversion is introversion True False

True

The three elements we need are Competence, Likability and Luck True False

True

There's a mismatch between what science knows and what business does True False

True

To be an effective project manager, it helps to be high on conscientiousness. True False

True

We all experience depression and anxiety at some level; they are defense mechanisms built to protect us. True False

True

We may have similar symptoms of stress, but we won't all experience the exact same symptoms. True False

True

Wearing masks in public in response to COVID-19 could be considered a group norm. True False

True

Which of the following describes what the organization does and who the primary customers are? a) Vision b) Mission c) Value Proposition d) Guiding Principles e) Corporate Strategy

b) Mission

Medical consequences of stress include all of the following EXCEPT a. strokes. b. ulcers. c. heart attacks. d. headaches. e. accident proneness.

e. accident proneness.

Powerful and effective leaders have high levels of __________ and low levels of ________. cortisol, testosterone testosterone, oxytocin testosterone, cortisol testosterone, estrogen oxytocin, estrogen

testosterone, cortisol

Which team would likely perform worse? A team playing for the National College Football Playoff title A team playing for the National College Football Playoff title that is offered money if they win

A team playing for the National College Football Playoff title that is offered money if they win

According to the example just given, what would be the most popular option of the options listed? A trip to New York with no breakfast included A trip to New York with breakfast included A trip to New Orleans with breakfast included

A trip to New York with breakfast included

The ___________ statement answers the question, "What do we want to become?" and provides a clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there, without many specifics. A. Vision B. Mission C. Value Proposition

A. Vision

A company's mission statement typically addresses which of the following questions? A. Who we are, what we do, and why we are here B. What objectives and level of performance we want to achieve C. Where we are going and what our strategy should be D. What business model we should employ to achieve our objectives and our vision

A. Who we are, what we do, and why we are here

Fiedler's contingency model posits that A. effective leadership depends upon the characteristics of the leader and the situation. B. the personal characteristics of managers are not important. C. relationship-oriented managers are not concerned with accomplishing tasks. D. the situation or context within which leadership occurs is less important than the leader's personal characteristics. E. if a leader is effective in one situation, he will be effective in other situations.

A. effective leadership depends upon the characteristics of the leader and the situation.

The last stage of Tuckman's Model is: Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning Ending Stopping

Adjourning

According to goal-setting theory, the easier the goal, the more motivating it is. This means that John, a double PhD in physics should set out to collect trash for a living. A. True B. False

B. False

Most Leeds project teams follow which leadership style? A. Autocratic B. Democratic C. Laissez Faire

B. Democratic

Nonprofit organizations often cannot offer employees salaries equal to those at for-profit businesses, so they offer other such as generous unpaid leave days and high-status job titles. A. Intrinsic rewards B. Extrinsic rewards C. Supercalafragilistic rewards

B. Extrinsic rewards

According to House's path-goal theory, what is true about directive behavior? A. It is similar to consideration and includes expressing concern for subordinates and looking out for their best interests. B. It is similar to initiating structure and includes setting goals, assigning tasks, and showing subordinates how to complete tasks. C. It gives subordinates a say in matters and decisions that affect them. D. It is detrimental when subordinates are having difficulty completing assigned tasks. E. It is most effective when applied to subordinates who are independent thinkers and work best when left alone.

B. It is similar to initiating structure and includes setting goals, assigning tasks, and showing subordinates how to complete tasks.

As a medical resident, Brooke shadows an experienced surgeon in order to see surgical techniques first-hand. Brooke is participating in A. self-reinforcement. B. social (or vicarious) learning. C. positive reinforcement. D. organizational behavior modification. E. operant conditioning.

B. social (or vicarious) learning.

What was Pepsi's Mission Statement?

Beat Coke

What does BRIC stand for?

Brazil, Russia, India, and China

__________ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. A. Cognition B. Engagement C. Motivation D. Enrichment

C. Motivation

Lyle's manager just handed him a list of goals for the year. Because Lyle had no say in setting these goals, he isn't sure that they are the right ones for him, and as a result, he isn't very motivated to accomplish them. What is the cause of the problem here? A. No goal specificity B. Difficulty level C. No goal acceptance D. No feedback

C. No goal acceptance

What is the highest level of intelligence? EQ CQ IQ

CQ

Which are formal powers? Coercive Expert Legitimate Reward Referent

Coercive Legitimate Reward

Which trait is most-highly correlated to job performance? Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Conscientiousness

Identify the Power: Why do soldiers follow officers' orders? Legitimate Reward Coercive Expert Referent

Could argue any on this one.

What is the main reason for the gender pay-gap currently in the United States? A. Discrimination B. Women have lower levels of education C. Women are in "feminine" jobs D. Childbirth and raising children E. Not many women are in the workforce

D. Childbirth and raising children

Devin's manager constantly messages him the day his monthly report is due, so Devin has begun working late the night before to deliver the report early and avoid the nagging. The manager is using reinforcement to drive Devin's performance. A. positive B. absolute C. intrinsic D. negative F. extinction

D. negative

Chen-Chu performs the same job tasks as her coworkers, but she believes she is being paid less. This is an example of A. distributive inequity. B. instrumental equity. C. unbalanced equity. D. underpayment inequity. E. overpayment inequity.

D. underpayment inequity.

What are the two negative effects of too much choice that are mentioned?

Decision paralysis Lower satisfaction with out choice than if there were fewer choices

sidebar interaction. Press tab to begin. The term used to describe when a transformational leader is looking out for your interests is: Empowerment Emotional Intelligence Compassion Caring Developmental Consideration

Developmental Consideration

In order to counter grouthink, it's best to appoint a ____________ on your team.

Devil's Advocate

Yanesh knows he works more hours and has delivered more code than most of his peers and yet receives less compensation. His sense of inequity is likely to cause him to A. increase his working hours. B. put forth more effort on the job. C. ask for more high-profile work. D. decline any offer of promotion. E. put forth less effort on the job.

E. put forth less effort on the job.

Which is a better predictor of managerial/leadership success? EQ IQ

EQ

What term does "self-awareness" sound like? Extraversion Culture Conscientiousness Kaizen Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence

Virtual team

Five writers meet monthly over the Internet to discuss their current projects.

Venture team

Helga is part of a semi-autonomous team that develops new company products

What is the "true fact" he's talking about? In modern business, extrinsic rewards are more motivating than intrinsic rewards In modern business, intrinsic rewards are more motivating than extrinsic rewards In modern business, extrinsic rewards are equally as motivating as intrinsic rewards In 20th century business, intrinsic rewards are more motivating than extrinsic rewards

In modern business, intrinsic rewards are more motivating than extrinsic rewards

If I get a better grade on tomorrow's math test will I get an "A" in math? Expectancy Instrumentality Valence None of these

Instrumentality

What is the belief that performance results in the attainment of outcomes? Expectancy Instrumentality Valence Motivation

Instrumentality

Which model focuses on process and cost reduction? Customer Intimacy Operational Excellence Product Leadership

Operational Excellence

What is it that drives an organization's behavior? Its goals Its values A chauffeur Money, money, money

Its values

Interest group

Ivan meets with a group of coworkers every Friday after work to play a new Dungeons and Dragons campaign.

Neuroticism predicts what? Intelligence Job performance The winner of the Broncos game Job satisfaction The election

Job satisfaction

The United States is particularly low on all of these dimensions except which one? Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Masculinity Long-Term Orientation

Masculinity

Functional team

Maxine, a technical writer, meets weekly with two other technical writers to discuss their current projects.

Which of the Big 5 predicts job satisfaction the most? Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Neuroticism

Which trait is most-highly correlated to job satisfaction? Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Neuroticism

As the chef at a new restaurant, it's up to you to decide what will go on the menu. This is an example of what type of decision? Programmed Non-programmed

Non-programmed

One of your special customers has requested an item that isn't on your menu. They also have special dietary restrictions that you haven't encountered before. This is an example of what type of decision? Programmed Non-programmed

Non-programmed

Social Loafing is synonymous with check all that apply Deviance Devil's advocacy Laissez Faire None of these

None of these

Friendship group

Phyllis and a group of coworkers meet the first Monday of the month after work to participate in a book club discussion.

PDCA stands for:

Plan, Do, Check, Act

Which of these needs would be best for management? Achievement Power Affiliation

Power

As the hostess at a restaurant, it's up to you to decide where to sit your patrons. This is an example of what type of decision? Programmed Non-programmed

Programmed

Which type of decision making requires little effort or thought? Programmed Non-programmed

Programmed

What are the three building blocks for success in designing jobs in modern business Purpose, Mastery, Autonomy Autonomy, a Master's degree, Purpose Mastery, Purpose, Autonomous Vehicles

Purpose, Mastery, Autonomy

What reasons are given for the rise in anxiety, depression and suicide? Check all that apply (there are two!). Social media Smartphones Lack of exercise The carousel of coaches for the CU Buffs football team The Denver Broncos missing the playoffs Poor diet

Social media Smartphones

What is an ambivert? Someone who is verted ambially Someone who is in the middle of the extraversion scale. Someone who cannot stand to be around people. Somone who has to be around people to feel fulfilled.

Someone who is in the middle of the extraversion scale.

Which values are long-term values? True Value Instrumental Terminal

Terminal

According to this video, what does JOMO stand for?

The Joy Of Missing Out

What drives the outcome of an interview most: Candidate preparation Content of the interview Height of the candidate The candidate's presence When in the day the interview is held

The candidate's presence

What would a sacred symbol be in an organzation? An iceberg $ The company logo £ €

The company logo

How much do I really want an "A" in math? Expectancy Instrumentality Valence None of these

Valence

Check all the elements the are attributed to Likability Luck Mind Voice Face Body

Voice Face Body

Is there a difference in culture from state to state in the United States? Yes No

Yes

If you want to increase motivation through the mechanism of increasing expectancy, you should. a) Clarify people's expectancies that their effort will lead to performance. b) Administer rewards that are positively valent to employees. c) Clearly link valued rewards and performance. d) Reward people with a high need for power by giving them employees to manage e) Make sure that individuals' lower needs are met before focusing on esteem

a) Clarify people's expectancies that their effort will lead to performance.

Agreeableness results in some people being a. All of these are correct. b. gentle. c. forgiving. d. understanding. e. cooperative.

a. All of these are correct.

__________ are those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture. a. Assumptions b. Formal practices c. Espoused values d. Enacted values e. Artifacts

a. Assumptions

Which of the following is categorized as a formal group? a. Command b. Friendship c. Social d. Grapevine e. Interest

a. Command

Which of the following statements is true about the importance of organizational culture? a. Culture can give competitive advantages. b. A good business strategy will override corporate culture. c. A strong culture is always desirable. d. Culture should emphasize results and growth.

a. Culture can give competitive advantages.

Which of the following reflects differences in leadership style between men and women? a. Female leaders are more democratic in making decisions. b. Female leaders are more nurturing. c. There are virtually no differences between male and female leaders. d. Male leaders are more controlling. e. Male leaders are more task focused.

a. Female leaders are more democratic in making decisions.

Employees who are part of a motorcycle riding club that meets outside of the organization is an example of which type of group? a. Interest b. Task c. Command d. Virtual e. Convenience

a. Interest

__________ is a system of shared values, norms, and assumptions that guides organization members' attitudes and behaviors. a. Organizational culture b. An artifact c. An enacted value d. Diversity e. An espoused value

a. Organizational culture

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the trait approach to determining leadership characteristics. Which of the following statements is true about this approach? a. Recent studies have identified a limited set of leadership traits, such as emotional intelligence, drive, and charisma are acknowledged leadership traits. b. Women and minorities have been well represented in the trait studies. c. Early studies identified being short as a leadership trait. d. Leadership can be predicted by factors such as body shape and handwriting style.

a. Recent studies have identified a limited set of leadership traits, such as emotional intelligence, drive, and charisma are acknowledged leadership traits.

Nancy is the administrator at a community nonprofit. She was hired for her expertise in planning and budgeting, but she has experienced conflicts with personnel. Which of the following statements is true about Nancy's role? a. She is a manager. b. She is a leader. c. She is both a manager and a leader. d. She is neither a manager nor a leader.

a. She is a manager.

Origin stories, ceremonies, rituals, and dress codes are all examples of a. artifacts. b. formal practices. c. enacted values. d. espoused values. e. assumptions.

a. artifacts.

Goal __________ is defined as the extent to which a person is interested in reaching a goal. a. commitment b. difficulty c. attachment d. specificity e. acceptance

a. commitment

A team __________ is a written agreement among team members establishing ground rules about the team's processes, roles, and responsibilities. a. contract b. outline c. commitment d. quality circle e. agreement

a. contract

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic group performance factors? a. cooperation b. cohesiveness c. informal leadership d. composition

a. cooperation

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is best for managing employees who are new to dealing with ambiguous, unstructured tasks? a. directive b. achievement-oriented c. participative d. supportive

a. directive

David is self-aware, manages his emotions, expresses empathy for others, and possesses social skills. He has high __________. a. emotional intelligence b. internal locus of control c. general mental ability d. self-efficacy

a. emotional intelligence

Given current demographic trends, which of the following is NOT a strategy companies would use to gain a competitive advantage through promoting diversity? a. encourage older workers to retire b. utilize reverse mentoring c. create heterogeneous teams d. put women in top management

a. encourage older workers to retire

The belief that one's culture is superior to all others is called a. ethnocentrism. b. the "like me" bias. c. stereotyping. d. bigotry. e. perceived threat of loss.

a. ethnocentrism.

What type of stress results because of happy events that lead to pleasurable emotions, including satisfaction, excitement, and enjoyment? a. eustress b. behavioral c. demand d. adaptation

a. eustress

Organizations pursuing a differentiation strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on product a. innovation. b. integrity. c. integration. d. intervention. e. initiation.

a. innovation.

Organizational behavior is defined as the study of three interrelated areas, one of which is the __________. a. interface between individuals and the organization b. maximization of an organization's human resources c. profitability and capital value of the business d. management of interpersonal conflict in the workplace

a. interface between individuals and the organization

An innate belief about something without conscious consideration is called a. intuition. b. escalation of commitment. c. groupthink. d. coalition. e. self-reaction.

a. intuition.

All of the following are true regarding social loafing EXCEPT a. it is often a problem in very small groups. b. the amount of social loafing depends in part on the group leader's awareness of it. c. how much of a problem social loafing is depends in part on the nature of the task. d. some members put forth less effort in a group. e. it often results from the assumption that other members will pick up the slack.

a. it is often a problem in very small groups.

An understanding of organizational behavior (OB) is likely to help organizations prevent all of the following EXCEPT a. loss of market share. b. unhappy employees. c. weak leadership. d. stagnating profits. e. lack of direction.

a. loss of market share.

Removal of current or future unpleasant consequences to increase the likelihood that someone will repeat a behavior is called a. negative reinforcement. b. positive reinforcement. c. extinction. d. classical conditioning. e. punishment.

a. negative reinforcement.

Decisions that recur infrequently and have no decision rules are __________ decisions. a. nonprogrammed b. uncertain c. programmed d. certain e. risk

a. nonprogrammed

Maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process in order to minimize costs is referred to as a. operational excellence. b. business superiority. c. maintenance strategy. d. differentiation. e. managerial skill.

a. operational excellence.

Aria has been performing successfully at work for several months. Aria believes that she will get a pay raise if she maintains this high level of performance. This is an example of the __________ expectancy. a. performance-to-outcome b. effort-to-performance c. effort-to-outcome d. performance-to-benefit e. performance-to-valence

a. performance-to-outcome

Goal specificity is consistently related to a. performance. b. company image. c. competitors' profits. d. ethical behavior. e. social responsibility.

a. performance.

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, the two types of situational factors that influence how leaders should behave are a. personal characteristics of the subordinates and environmental characteristics. b. locus of control and perceived ability. c. personal characteristics of the leader and personal characteristics of the subordinates. d. personal characteristics of the leader and environmental characteristics. e. personal characteristics of the subordinates and locus of control.

a. personal characteristics of the subordinates and environmental characteristics.

When Walmart founder Sam Walton drove his old pick-up truck to work, his employees embraced his ethic of frugality. What type of power did he display? a. referent b. persuasive c. informational d. expert

a. referent

Businesses that use a __________ strategy focus on a narrow market segment or niche. a. specialization b. differentiation c. growth d. cost leadership e. psychological

a. specialization

Which term refers to similarities and differences among people, including those such as race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities and characteristics, and gender? a. surface-level diversity b. separation diversity c. deep-level diversity d. variety diversity

a. surface-level diversity

A contingency plan specifies what will be done if __________. a. the primary plan is disrupted b. there is post-decision dissonance c. the primary plan is successful d. it is necessary to satisfice

a. the primary plan is disrupted

What is the term for the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively? a. transformational leadership b. transactional leadership c. autocratic leadership d. charismatic leadership

a. transformational leadership

The basic premise of the early trait approach to leadership was that a. unique leadership traits could be identified and used to select leaders. b. traits could be used to predict appropriate management styles. c. leadership traits depended on the situation. d. traits were far less important than activities. e. traits were relatively volatile characteristics of individuals.

a. unique leadership traits could be identified and used to select leaders.

Organizational culture helps people in an organization understand a. which actions are considered acceptable and which are considered unacceptable. b. which types of problems are likely to arise in their company. c. when to best socialize new employees. d. why their firm is outperforming the competition. e. how to improve their relations with customers.

a. which actions are considered acceptable and which are considered unacceptable.

Which of these demonstrate Negative Reinforcement? I. Your cell phone rings in class, and I take your phone II. Your ski instructor shouts out, "duuude, gnarly slopes", after your perfect black diamond run. III. After repeatedly ignoring her requests, Miley Cyrus stops asking you for a date. IV. Your cell phone rings in class, and I yell at you. V. You clean up your mess in the kitchen to avoid a fight with your roommate. a) I and IV b) V only c) I, IV and V d) III e) I

b) V only

While managers at ABC Manufacturing were conducting a SWOT analysis, they concluded that their product line is obsolete and narrow. Their product line would be categorized as a: a Strength b) Weakness c) Opportunity d) Threat e) International expansion

b) Weakness

A command group is another name for what? a. A team that is in command b. A division/department c. A special interest group d. A cross-functional team e. A task force

b. A division/department

Which of the following best describes the stages of group development? a. The sequence of group development stages is set by the organization. b. A group that fully evolves through the four stages of development usually is productive. c. Groups make choices about which stage of development to complete first. d. As a group progresses through the stages of development it grows in size. e. Groups rarely go through more than one stage of development.

b. A group that fully evolves through the four stages of development usually is productive.

Which of the following is a dimension of diversity? a. Age b. All of these are correct c. Mental abilities d. Gender e. Sexual orientation

b. All of these are correct

Walmart is famous for exemplifying the cost leadership strategy. Which of the following is Walmart likely NOT to do? a. Automate as many jobs as possible b. Automate as few jobs as possible c. Keep expenses as low as possible d. Keep prices as low as possible e. Rely heavily on low-wage employees

b. Automate as few jobs as possible

__________ refers to the inability of human beings to process an unlimited amount of information, causing most decisions to be made in a partially irrational manner. a. Groupthink block b. Bounded rationality c. Post-decision dissonance d. Satisficing e. Suboptimizing

b. Bounded rationality

Marta is a civil engineer working on a water development project. Based on the concept of power distance, where is she most likely to live if she is inclined to make independent decisions in order to finish a project successfully? a. Mexico b. Israel c. United States d. Venezuela

b. Israel

Which of the following is true about brainstorming? a. Ideas should be criticized and judged quickly. b. None of these are correct. c. Ideas should not be written down. d. Implausible ideas should not be suggested. e. The number of ideas should be limited.

b. None of these are correct.

Organizations pursuing a strategy of keeping costs and prices low usually try to develop a competitive advantage using which of the following? a. Cost analysis b. Operational excellence c. Differentiation d. Product innovation e. Employee training

b. Operational excellence

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions? a. Compare one's own circumstances with those of a comparison-other. b. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs. c. Evaluate how one is being treated by an organization. d. Form a perception of how a comparison-other is being treated.

b. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.

Jim has the ability to balance anxiety, fear, and anger and still get the job done. Jim possesses which component of emotional intelligence? a. Self-awareness b. Self-management c. Locus of control d. Self-motivation e. Empathy

b. Self-management

__________ diversity occurs when there are differences in position or opinion among group members, especially regarding group goals or processes. a. Complex b. Separation c. Disparity d. Surface-level e. Variety

b. Separation

Which of the following statements indicates an accurate understanding of organizational culture? a. Skills and experience are way more important in hiring than how a person fits in. b. Strong organizational cultures aren't necessarily associated with high performance. c. People who can do well in one organization can do well pretty much anywhere. d. Within an organization, people explicitly tell newcomers how to adhere to the culture.

b. Strong organizational cultures aren't necessarily associated with high performance.

Norms are a. two or more people interacting with and influencing each other. b. a standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is judged. c. the sum of the activities of individuals. d. a tendency toward a particular set of behaviors. e. a set of expected behaviors associated with a position.

b. a standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is judged.

What term refers to a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions? a. burnout b. affectivity c. personality d. intelligence

b. affectivity

You have been hired as CEO of a new company focused on providing home health services. What could you do to establish a strong and positive organizational culture? a. delegate to subordinates the power to maintain culture b. craft organizational vision, values, and goals c. embrace the company's enacted values and norms d. let the culture develop organically

b. craft organizational vision, values, and goals

Organizations pursuing a specialization strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on a. market concentration. b. customer intimacy. c. brand recognition. d. profit margin. e. product placement.

b. customer intimacy.

Which of the following is the primary competitive advantage Costco has over Sam's Club, its closest competitor? a. lower employee salaries b. excellent customer experience c. high-quality products at a low price d. lower operating expenses

b. excellent customer experience

According to Victor Vroom, the belief that performance will result in obtaining a particular reward is known as __________. a. valence b. instrumentality c. outcome d. expectancy

b. instrumentality

The extent to which goals are challenging, attainable, and require effort is known as goal ___________. a. acceptance b. specificity c. commitment d. difficulty

d. difficulty

Strong job satisfaction, greater task motivation, and better social integration at work all tend to be traits associated with __________. a. extraversion b. internal locus of control c. external locus of control d. introversion

b. internal locus of control

According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to ________. a. change the way things are b. keep things as they are c. devote less effort to work d. look harder for signs of inequity

b. keep things as they are

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management? a. evaluating b. motivating c. organizing d. budgeting

b. motivating

Arthur appears to be poised, calm, resilient, and secure. He displays low __________. a. openness b. neuroticism c. conscientiousness d. extraversion

b. neuroticism

A person in the organization has the ability to given bonuses to employees as part of a corporate compensation program. This is an example of __________ power. a. legitimate b. reward c. coercive d. expert e. referent

b. reward

It can be difficult to develop a sense of community with a team that never actually meets together in the same room, which is called a a. quality circle. b. virtual team. c. cross-functional team. d. product development team. e. management team.

b. virtual team.

Personality affects which of the following? a. Job performance b. Job satisfaction c. All of these are correct. d. How long one stays with an employer e. Choice of career

c. All of these are correct.

__________ theory assumes that people are motivated to work toward a goal when they want to achieve the outcome and also think they have the ability and means to achieve it. a. Reinforcement b. Perception c. Expectancy d. Equity e. Attribution

c. Expectancy

Which of the following is NOT a benefit experienced by organizations that value diversity? a. Access to more perspectives on a problem b. Less interpersonal conflict c. Greater homogeneity d. Increased employee performance e. New perspectives to organizational issues

c. Greater homogeneity

When managers strive to motivate employees to work together toward the organization's goals, they are performing which of the following managerial functions? a. Controlling b. Planning c. Leading d. Organizing e. Synergizing

c. Leading

A manager who groups jobs into units is performing which of the following functions of management? a. Planning b. Supervising c. Organizing d. Controlling e. Leading

c. Organizing

In the LPC theory, which of the following is appropriate for very favorable as well as very unfavorable situations? a. Leader-oriented behavior b. Person-oriented behavior c. Task-oriented behavior d. Employee-oriented behavior e. Production-oriented behavior

c. Task-oriented behavior

Why does working in teams result in enhanced performance? a. Taller hierarchies improve communication processes. b. Waste and errors are spread across multiple individuals. c. Teams pool individual efforts in new ways and strive for continuous improvement. d. Managers lower their performance standards. e. Team members spend less time in direct contact with customers.

c. Teams pool individual efforts in new ways and strive for continuous improvement.

Some experts believe that groupthink contributed to the failure of NASA's Challenger mission. If this is correct, then which of the following statements is NOT likely true about the Challenger team members? a. They ignored the ethical implications of their decisions. b. They believed they were invulnerable against failure. c. They fought constantly and couldn't agree on anything. d. They were insulated against opposing outside information.

c. They fought constantly and couldn't agree on anything.

In the expectancy model of motivation, which term refers to the perceived value of a given reward or outcome? a. Generality b. Perception c. Valence d. Expectancy e. Strength

c. Valence

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intrapersonal value conflict? a. You want a promotion, but your supervisor refuses to recognize your work and successes. b. You believe honesty is important, but the company you work for is avoiding paying taxes. c. You love spending time with family, but ambition makes you work longer hours to get a raise. d. You have a disagreement with your coworkers that prevents you from being productive.

c. You love spending time with family, but ambition makes you work longer hours to get a raise.

Carlos is a leader who has led his company by closely evaluating performance. Carlos can be best described as a. a transformational leader. b. a strategic leader. c. a transactional leader. d. a charismatic leader. e. an industrial/organizational leader.

c. a transactional leader.

All of the following are direct organizational consequences of stress EXCEPT a. turnover. b. lower productivity. c. accident proneness. d. poor work quality. e. absenteeism.

c. accident proneness.

Which stress stage is triggered when we first encounter a stressor? a. termination b. exhaustion c. alarm d. resistance

c. alarm

Which of the following is the primary competitive advantage Costco has over Sam's Club, its closest competitor? a. lower operating expenses b. lower employee salaries c. excellent customer experience d. high-quality products at a low price

c. excellent customer experience

Deciding to no longer laugh at a coworker's inappropriate jokes, to encourage him to stop telling those types of jokes, is an example of a. classical conditioning. b. positive reinforcement. c. extinction. d. negative reinforcement. e. punishment.

c. extinction.

The central premise of the leadership substitutes perspective is that a. non-leaders can fill in for leaders, but only temporarily. b. performing the leadership role requires replacing management activities with leadership activities. c. leader behaviors may be irrelevant in some situations. d. effective leaders replace the need for rigid rules and policies. e. anyone can be a leader with proper training.

c. leader behaviors may be irrelevant in some situations.

Power held due to the position of authority is called __________ power. a. referent b. expert c. legitimate d. informational

c. legitimate

Emotional intelligence involves all of the following EXCEPT a. social skills. b. self-motivation. c. locus of control. d. self-awareness. e. emotion management.

c. locus of control.

Stereotypes can best be defined as a. favoring people similar to you. b. grouping people into different categories. c. making generalizations about groups of people. d. focusing on differences among people. e. judgments about others that reinforce beliefs about superiority and inferiority.

c. making generalizations about groups of people.

Research suggests that male leaders are, on average, ____________ than female leaders. a. more nurturing b. less nurturing c. more autocratic d. more charismatic e. less autocratic

c. more autocratic

When organizations focus on the "softer" side of business, including organizational behavior factors, it can lead to a. weaker leadership. b. less motivated and less engaged employees. c. more motivated and more engaged employees. d. loss of trust among employees. e. better relationships with vendors.

c. more motivated and more engaged employees.

Which of the following traits is NOT considered a positive in organizational settings? a. high conscientiousness b. extraversion c. more neurotic d. high agreeableness

c. more neurotic

Individuals who score high in __________ tend to exhibit unpleasant emotions, such as anger and anxiety. a. openness b. agreeableness c. neuroticisms d. negative emotionality e. extroversion

c. neuroticisms

What is the goal of brainstorming? a. identify "mindguards" who can protect the group from adverse information b. gather judgments from noted experts to help develop forecasts c. produce new ideas and solutions by stimulating group members' creativity d. provide the resolution to a problem or a decision

c. produce new ideas and solutions by stimulating group members' creativity

Reducing the work hours of low performing employees is an example of a. negative reinforcement. b. positive reinforcement. c. punishment. d. classical conditioning. e. extinction.

c. punishment.

Position power includes all of the following EXCEPT a. reward power. b. All of these are bases of positional power. c. referent power. d. legitimate power. e. coercive power.

c. referent power.

If a human resources manager estimates the probability that a certain percentage of employees will take advantage of a proposed benefit plan, the manager is operating under a condition of a. certainty. b. estimation. c. risk. d. uncertainty. e. rationalization.

c. risk.

Satisficing refers to making a __________ rather than an optimal decision. a. rational b. correct c. satisfactory d. long-term e. short-term

c. satisfactory

According to goal-setting theory, which of the following strategies is NOT likely to result in improved performance? a. setting goals that are challenging and require effort b. establishing goals that will encourage worker acceptance c. setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures d. holding employees accountable for goals they were involved in setting

c. setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures

Which of the following is NOT an element that makes up an organization's culture? a. how employees get work done b. shared values, norms, and assumptions c. span of control d. trust and positive relationships

c. span of control

A moderate degree of workload-related stress can a. weaken the physical system. b. overload the nervous system. c. stimulate energy and motivation. d. increase anxiety. e. result in apathy.

c. stimulate energy and motivation.

Assume a team is comprised of a marketing professional, a materials specialist, a manufacturing floor manager, a product safety advisor, an advertising department head, and a legal expert. What type of diversity is represented by this group? a. generational diversity b. separation diversity c. variety diversity d. disparity diversity

c. variety diversity

According to the LPC theory, a situation that has low position power, high task structure, and good leader-member relations is a. maximally unfavorable. b. moderately favorable. c. very favorable. d. maximally favorable. e. very unfavorable.

c. very favorable.

Amazon.com continues to expand it's digital media offerings, in addition to adding tablets and phones to their product line. To Apple, this would be considered: a A Strength b) A Weakness c) An Opportunity d) A Threat e) A Really bad idea

d) A Threat

The positive benefits of a team-based environment include all of the following EXCEPT a. organizational enhancements. b. enhanced performance. c. employee benefits. d. All of these are benefits. e. reduced costs.

d. All of these are benefits.

An individual coping strategy to deal with workplace stress includes a. participating in support groups. b. improving time management skills. c. engaging in regular exercise. d. All of these are correct. e. using relaxation techniques.

d. All of these are correct.

Which of the following is a type of formal and relatively permanent group? a. Friendship b. Suggestion c. None of these are correct. d. Command e. Interest

d. Command

__________ refers to the extent to which people can be counted on to get things done. a. Extroversion b. Introversion c. Openness d. Conscientiousness e. None of these are correct.

d. Conscientiousness

Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions refers to being talkative and energetic? a. Conscientiousness b. Neuroticism c. Agreeableness d. Extroversion e. Openness

d. Extroversion

Which of the following is an example of deep-level diversity? a. Age b. Physical abilities c. Gender d. Goals e. Ethnicity

d. Goals

What mode of thinking occurs when people are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group and members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action? a. Escalation of commitment b. Group polarization c. Risk propensity d. Groupthink e. Brainstorming

d. Groupthink

Which of the following strategies focuses on company expansion, either organically or through acquisitions? a. Differentiation b. Specialization c. Cost leadership d. Growth e. Domination

d. Growth

Organizational behavior (OB) typically includes the study of which basic component? a. Research and development b. The task environment c. Financial reporting d. Human actions and interactions within organizations e. Customer retention

d. Human actions and interactions within organizations

Which of the following describes the concept of empowerment? a. It is the process of making decisions for employees, without their input. b. It is often exercised through rational persuasion. c. None of these are correct. d. It is the process of sharing power and giving others the authority to make decisions. e. It occurs when no training is required for employees.

d. It is the process of sharing power and giving others the authority to make decisions.

__________ is the set of forces that causes people to engage in a behavior, rather than an alternative behavior. a. Task identity b. Activity c. Autonomy d. Motivation e. Equilibrium

d. Motivation

Jane welcomes new ideas and change. Jane's supervisor tends to resist any kind of change. Jane and her supervisor differ in their level of which personality trait described in the Big Five personality framework? a. Neuroticism b. Agreeableness c. Self-efficacy d. Openness e. Locus of control

d. Openness

Which of the following is an organizational consequence of prolonged stress? a. People stop complaining about unimportant things. b. People can actually become more productive. c. People will take shorter lunch breaks to compensate. d. People call in sick more often and quit their jobs.

d. People call in sick more often and quit their jobs

Doug is an employee of McDowell Instruments. Doug takes longer breaks than his coworkers, and often rationalizes his behavior because he feels the organization does not pay him enough for the level of work that he does. Doug is reducing his perceived inequity by a. altering his perception of the situation. b. altering his perception of self. c. changing his outcomes. d. changing his inputs. e. changing the object of comparison.

d. changing his inputs.

Evaluating employee performance is an example of the managerial function of a. decision making. b. planning. c. leading. d. controlling. e. organizing.

d. controlling.

If a business strategy and corporate culture are in conflict the __________ will win, regardless of the strength and effectiveness of the strategy. a. None of these are correct. b. strategy c. employees d. culture e. organization

d. culture

Your region has many supermarket bakeries, but there aren't any niche cafés offering superior coffee and home-baked goods using local, organic ingredients. You decide to open such a business. Based on these factors, which types of strategic behaviors would help assure that your small enterprise specializes and thrives? a. explore opportunities for mergers and acquisitions b. offer the best quality product at a low price c. hire employees with strong business experience d. deliver unique products and services

d. deliver unique products and services

Planning is the process of a. designing jobs, grouping jobs into units, and establishing patterns of authority between jobs and units. b. utilizing organizational resources with the ultimate goal of attaining organizational goals efficiently and effectively. c. motivating the organization's members to work together toward the organization's goals. d. determining the organization's desired future position and deciding the best way to achieve the desired outcome. e. monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its members to keep them directed toward their goals.

d. determining the organization's desired future position and deciding the best way to achieve the desired outcome.

A manager fulfills the primary role of a leader by a. identifying the various suppliers the organization will utilize to acquire resources. b. determining how organizational resources will be released in the environment. c. choosing the best resources to most effectively and efficiently produce the organization's product or service. d. encouraging workers to increase productivity. e. verifying the quality of resources that pass through the organization.

d. encouraging workers to increase productivity.

Your employee, Steve, has a habit of telling jokes that are sometimes funny but too often inappropriate for the workplace. If you want Steve to stop telling these jokes, what kind of response would be your best choice? a. positive reinforcement b. punishment c. negative reinforcement d. extinction

d. extinction

One conclusion of the University of Michigan studies was that a leader who focuses on work procedures and performance is exhibiting a. employee-centered leader behavior. b. initiating-structure behavior. c. task-oriented leader behavior. d. job-centered leader behavior. e. consideration behavior.

d. job-centered leader behavior.

Each of the following is associated with transformational leaders EXCEPT a. executing change. b. recognizing a need for change. c. creating a vision to guide change. d. managing routine work. e. having tremendous influence.

d. managing routine work.

Teams differ from groups in that teams a. place little emphasis on common objectives. b. are usually temporary. c. are usually larger than groups. d. place more emphasis on concerted action than groups do. e. pursue multiple goals.

d. place more emphasis on concerted action than groups do.

Informational diversity has a __________ impact on team performance; demographic diversity often has a __________ impact. a. negative, negative b. positive, positive c. negative, positive d. positive, negative

d. positive, negative

When making programmed decisions, the information needed to make this decision is __________, and the problem is highly structured. a. None of these are correct. b. highly confusing c. very technical d. readily available e. not readily available

d. readily available

Which of the following factors is NOT a typical positive result when managers make a practice of listening to employees, recognizing their work, building trust, and behaving ethically? a. improved financial performance b. stronger customer loyalty c. reduced absenteeism and turnover d. savings through staff layoffs

d. savings through staff layoffs

If you have the ability to sense and understand how others feel, even without being told, you have the ability to a. get along with others. b. be promoted at your job. c. motivate yourself. d. show empathy. e. manage your emotions.

d. show empathy.

To gain a competitive advantage, a company must offer a. the most product options. b. the lowest prices. c. superior customer service. d. superior value for the price. e. the fewest product options.

d. superior value for the price.

Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which a. workers focus on the future. b. acquisition of money and things is emphasized. c. aggressiveness is emphasized. d. workers prefer unambiguous situations. e. authority is respected.

d. workers prefer unambiguous situations.

If you want to increase the quality of someone's work using PAY how should you pay them? a) Increase their hourly wage b) Increase their salary c) Pay them on commission d) Pay them on a piece rate e) Pay them bonuses for quality

e) Pay them bonuses for quality

Paul, a new hire in the traffic department of an advertising agency, has little confidence in his ability and believes he only got the job because his uncle is the owner of the firm. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership style is Paul most likely to prefer? a. Achievement-oriented b. Cooperative c. Supportive d. Participative e. Directive

e. Directive

__________ values and norms are exhibited by employees based on their observations of what actually goes on in the organization. a. Espoused b. Artifact c. Assumed d. Formal e. Enacted

e. Enacted

__________ values and norms are the preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization. a. Assumed b. Formal c. Enacted d. Artifact e. Espoused

e. Espoused

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of programmed decisions? a. Goals are clear and well-known. b. They are highly structured. c. Specific methods for handling them exist. d. Information is readily available. e. Judgment and creativity are the basis of solution.

e. Judgment and creativity are the basis of solution.

Which two types of reinforcement are generally accepted as means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior? a. Positive reinforcement and neutral reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement and strict reinforcement c. Negative reinforcement and neutral reinforcement d. Strict reinforcement and neutral reinforcement e. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

e. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

A team that is comprised of members from different departments or functional areas is a. an interdisciplinary team. b. a quality circle. c. a problem-solving team. d. a virtual group. e. a cross-functional team.

e. a cross-functional team.

Decision making is the process of a. finding the answer to a question. b. staffing positions within the organizational hierarchy. c. fixing problems that arise in the operations of the business. d. motivating employees to pursue organizational goals. e. choosing one alternative from among several.

e. choosing one alternative from among several.

One conclusion of the Ohio State studies was that a leader who focuses on subordinates' feelings and ideas is exhibiting a. task-oriented leader behavior. b. initiating-structure behavior. c. employee-centered leader behavior. d. job-centered leader behavior. e. consideration behavior.

e. consideration behavior.

Expansions on goal-setting theory argue that goal-directed effort is a function of four goal attributes: goal acceptance, goal commitment, goal specificity and a. goal prevalence. b. goal importance. c. goal clarity. d. goal attainability. e. goal difficulty.

e. goal difficulty.

Path-goal theory assumes that a. decisions as to appropriate leader style should be made at the top of the organization. b. task motivation is the primary determinant of a leader's style. c. the primary goal of leadership is employee satisfaction. d. leaders operate best in one type of situation. e. leaders can change their behaviors.

e. leaders can change their behaviors.

The path-goal theory and the LPC model both state that a. leadership effectiveness is based on a set of behaviors exhibited by a leader. b. leadership effectiveness is based on a set of traits possessed by effective leaders. c. leadership effectiveness is not based on the circumstances of the situation. d. leadership effectiveness can occur only with strong task-oriented approaches. e. leadership effectiveness depends on characteristics of the situation.

e. leadership effectiveness depends on characteristics of the situation.

When dealing with people at work, managers must have an understanding of all of the following EXCEPT a. leadership. b. organizational culture. c. decision making. d. organizational structure and design. e. long-term plans of marketplace competitors.

e. long-term plans of marketplace competitors.

Individual characteristics that may render leader behavior unnecessary include all of the following EXCEPT a. training. b. motivation. c. professionalism. d. experience. e. norms.

e. norms.

Sara tries to always be on time for work because she once saw her supervisor give someone an award for good attendance. Sara is exhibiting learning through a. punishment. b. avoidance. c. extinction. d. a stimulus-response mechanism. e. positive reinforcement.

e. positive reinforcement.

The sales department at a local company determines that Product A will moderately boost sales and have a shorter production schedule, so it is decided that this product will be manufactured and sold without considering other options. In choosing this product, the sales department is a. controlling. b. engaged in bounded rationality. c. suboptimizing. d. using procedures and rules of thumb. e. satisficing.

e. satisficing.

One's confidence in the ability to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to accomplish a specific task is called a. self-determination. b. self-sufficiency. c. self-righteousness. d. self-esteem. e. self-efficacy.

e. self-efficacy.

It is very important to Chiharu that she fit in with her workgroup.

high collectivism

Sierra is vital to her team's success, but her primary goal is to get promoted.

high individualism

Francisco is mostly interested in accruing wealth and material possessions rather than in fostering relationships in his personal or professional life.

high masculinity

Paul might not agree with all of the decisions his supervisor makes, but Paul would never go behind his supervisor's back or "over his head" in an attempt to get something done.

high power distance

Svea feels more comfortable in her job when all duties and expectations are explicitly defined.

high uncertainty avoidance