ORGL 3332 Behavior, Ethics, Leadership II
In McClelland's three-needs theory, which of the following is a shortcoming of nAff, the need for affiliation?
A person with high nAff tends to avoid conflict.
Who looked at the relationship between internal needs and the resulting effort expended to fulfill them?
Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg
Which organizational factor contributes to empowerment? a. appropriate selection and training for leaders b. appropriate selection and training for employees c. setting high performance standards d. removing bureaucratic barriers e. all the above
All of the above
___________ is power vested in a formal position.
Authority
___________ is one of the key factors in effective teams.
Building trust
Shane wants to delegate a task to one of his followers. What guidelines should he follow?
Clarify the goals and expectation, and monitor the employee.
Having a feeling that "they are a meaningful part of something they care about" is part of which motivational theory?
Commitment Theory
Which one of the following is one of the typical reactions to power?
Compliance
___________ and __________ are both different types of transactional leadership.
Contingent reward; management by exception
Which of the following statements about meaningful work is TRUE? D. All people agree that meaningful work must be creative and involve using one's imagination. C. Different people can have very different views of what meaningful work is B. Meaningful work must be work that is well-rewarded; typically with money. A. Meaningful work must be challenging work.
Different people can have very different views of what meaningful work is
Which theory separates effort, performance, and outcomes:
Expectancy Theory
Which theory separates effort, performance, and outcomes: Hierarchy of Needs Theory Learned Needs Theory Motivation-Hygiene Theory Expectancy Theory
Expectancy Theory
Which motivation theory is one of the concepts included in Path-Goal Theory?
Expectancy theory
________________ and ____________ are both part of the Big Five personality dimensions.
Extraversion; openness to experience
Companionship is not one of the reasons people work
False
Delegation and participation are the same concept.
False
Management by exception is an effective method of managing professional employees.
False
People with high (nPow) favor collaboration over competition.
False
Referent power is based on a person's ability to get access to information.
False
Research finds that motivation is entirely internal and does not depend on external forces.
False
The desire for social status is an intrinsic motivator.
False
Researchers have identified ______ sources of power related to individuals.
Five
The statement "If I work harder then this will be better" is affected by such things as:
Having the necessary support to get the job done
Which one of the following is not one of the characteristics of charismatic leaders?
High task focus
Transformational leadership addresses which of the following questions?
How do leaders create and sustain change?
________ and ________ are two major categories of forces that drive organizational change.
Internal; external
Which of the following statements is true about the definition of leadership effectiveness?
Leadership effectiveness depends on the goals of the organization
____________ power is based on the formal position a person holds, while ___________ is based on friendship and respect.
Legitimate; referent
___________ sources of power are particularly important to teams.
Organizational
________ is one of the most common driving forces for change.
Performance gap
_______ is change that is the result of specific and conscious actions by leaders or followers to change the organization.
Planned
_________ is the ability of one person to influence others.
Power
______ refers to the process of providing support to assure the change becomes permanent.
Refreezing
________ is intended to teach team members to monitor, assess and correct their behavior in the team.
Self-guided correction
_______________ is intended to teach team members to monitor, assess and correct their behavior in the team.
Self-guided correction
_________ and __________ are two of the criteria managers should use to determine when to involve employees in decision making.
Task complexity; time
Which one of the following distinguishes teams from groups?
Team members share leadership.
Which one of the following is a sign of a destructive narcissistic manager?
They divide the world between friends and enemies
Which of the following is one of the advantages of the charismatic approach to leadership over the contingency approaches?
They highlight the importance of the emotional links.
Kurt Lewin's framework included ______ stages for change.
Three
The concept of employee participation is part of many management and leadership theories. Which one of the following does not include the concept of participation?
Trait approach
The concept of contingent reward is part of which theory of leadership?
Transactional leadership
Both David McClelland and Victor Vroom's theories build on Abraham Maslow's Hierchy of Needs Theory.
True
Every leader casts a shadow that either encourages or inhibits people's motivation to work
True
In "The Achieving Society" McClelland identified three motivators that he believed we all have.
True
Internal forces for change closely follow external forces.
True
Leaders should delegate both a task and the authority to complete it.
True
Leaders who want to implement transformational leadership concepts in their organizations must provide a vision and establish personal relationships with followers.
True
Most modern leadership and management theories address employee participation.
True
Research suggest that people are more creative when they are intrinsically motivated.
True
Resistance to change is inevitable and therefore must be addressed.
True
Short-term orientation leads to a state of constant change that many U.S. organizations are experiencing.
True
The tendency of extrinsic motivations to interfere with intrinsic motivations is known as the justifaction effect.
True
The tendency of extrinsic motivations to interfere with intrinsic motivations is known as the justification effect.
True
_________ are more likely to find it difficult to delegate tasks to their followers.
Type A leaders
__________ is change that occurs randomly and suddenly without the specific intention of addressing a problem.
Unplanned
XYZ Corporation recently created a new project team to investigate the feasibility of introducing a new line of products. Nigel was appointed leader of the team and during the first meeting he lead the team through a series of activities intended to clarify goals and member roles as well as create norms for acceptable interaction. This approach is best known as .
a team building activity
Which one of the following is not one of the characteristics of self-managed teams?
ability to determine their work without consulting with others
The ______ and ______ steps of the planned change process mirror Lewin's change phase.
adoption of ideas; implementation
The leader's power increases when employees _________.
are committed to her decisions
Extrinsic motivation frequently includes ________.
avoiding unpleasant consequences of events
The behavior approach to leadership has several advantages. They include all but one of the following:
behaviors are richer and more complex than traits
Which one of the following is one of the benefits of the behavior approach to leadership?
behaviors can be measured and changed
Motivation
can be measured in the amount of effort one gives and persistence one has
According to John Kotter, leaders involved in organizational change must:
celebrate early success celebrate only when it is fully accomplished
When facing unplanned and revolutionary change, ______ and ______ leadership may become more central.
charismatic; transformational
In the last stage of change the leader's role is to:
coach, train, and implement reward systems
Which of the following cultural values can affect employee participation in decision making?
collectivism
Research about the effect of power distribution suggests that:
concentrated power can be detrimental to performance.
In early stages of their career, which base of power should young leaders develop?
credibility through expertise
Which is not a characteristic of the model of authentic leadership?
display narcissistic tendencies
Kurt Lewin's model of change included both ______ and ______ forces of change.
driving; resisting
Change is often perceived by employees as all of the following except?
embraced
Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, considers which of the following to be key to leadership?
empowerment
Examples of the use of empowerment in many organizations show that:
empowerment can lead to increased motivation
The internal organizational conditions that facilitate the emergence of charismatic leadership include all but one of the following:
enthusiasm for change.
Which one of the following is not part of a general definition of leadership?
exercise of control
ABC hospital creates a new service which then causes XYZ hospital to create a similar service. This suggests that XYZ experienced a(n) ______ force for change that caused a(n) _______ change
external; internal
Self-managed teams use leadership based on:
facilitation
The results of the trait approach to leadership have established that:
few, if any traits define leaders
Which one of the following factors is the key element of most definitions of leadership effectiveness?
focus on outcome
The Path-Goal Theory suggests that the role of the leader is to clear paths for followers allowing them to:
fulfill their needs and reach goals
Transformational leadership behaviors address which of the elements of the definition of leadership?
goal achievement
The leader's role in the first stage of change is to:
help followers realize the need for change
In Herzberg's two-factor theory, ________.
hygiene factors determine job dissatisfaction
According to the Contingency Model:
if the leader's style matches the situation, the leader will be effective.
Not delegating tasks may be valid and acceptable ______________, but not effective ____________.
in complex situations; for simple tasks.
Intrinsic motivation
includes some kinds of rewards such as personal satisfaction
Which one of the following is not one of the benefits of delegation?
increase leader's powe
The __________ factor of transformational leadership motivates followers and encourages them to perform better.
individual consideration
The primary organizational cause for resistance is due to ______.
inertia
In Adam's equity theory a person is likely to be most unhappy when ________.
inputs exceed outcomes
A team leader focuses on assuring that his team members have the latest expertise not available elsewhere in the organization. He is using which organizational source of power to assure that his team has power?
lack of sustainability
In spite of cultural and other differences, one of the keys to successful implementation of teams is:
leader's belief in participation
According to Fiedler, __________ is the most important factor in any leadership situation.
leader-member relations
Vision, persuasion, and storytelling are types of _________ tools that deal with resistance to change.
leadership
When people are encouraged to behave outside their zone of comfort, they are likely to:
learn and grow even though the behavior is threatening to them
In______ cultures, organizational change can be perceived as a threat.
low tolerance for ambiguity
Which of the following factors is not part of the definitions of leadership effectiveness?
maintaining control
Teams have all the following characteristics, except:
members are accountable to a manager.
According to group dynamics research that is the basis for the Normative Decision Model:
participation in decision-making leads to commitment.
Which of the following is not part of the definition of personality?
personality determines what we do
While managers focus on ________, leadership is aimed at ________.
planning and stability; movement and change
The more __________ a culture, the less likely it is that employees will participate in decision making.
power oriented
If you are trying to influence your supervisor's decision regarding a project, which would be the most appropriate influence tactic to use?
rational persuasion
Individuals with _________ power can influence others because they are liked and respected.
referent
In order for leaders to get commitment from their followers, they should rely on which of the following two sources of power:
referent and expert
Although ____________ is an important component of leadership in the U.S., it is generally not valued in many other cultures.
risk-taking
Trusting one's emotions, motives, complexities, abilities and potential inner conflicts refers to which component of authentic leadership?
self-awareness
The underlying theme of empowerment is:
sharing power with those who need it to perform their job
Managers are , while leaders are .
short-term oriented; long-term oriented
The concept of ________________ suggests that teams gain power based on their ability to remove obstacles for others.
strategic contingencies
According to the Normative Decision Model, leaders should adjust their decision style depending on __________ and _____________.
the need for a quality decision; likelihood that employee will accept the decision
The contingency models such as Path-Goal Theory focus on ___________.
the transaction between leaders and followers
Followers will only follow a charismatic leader if:
they believe change is needed.
Transformational leadership concepts were proposed:
to address the need to revitalize organizations.
Power corruption is primarily due to:
too much power without accountability
The modern scientific study of leadership can be divided into three eras. These are:
trait, behavior, contingency
The modern scientific study of leadership can be divided into three eras. These are: a. trait, behavior, contingency b. charismatic, visionary, exemplary c. case studies, research, theory building d. personality, event-based, complex analysis
trait, behavior, contingency
Values-based leadership is closely related to and leadership.
transformational; authentic
The ability to disclose and share information about self appropriately refers to which component of authentic leadership?
transparency
The primary difference between ethical and unethical charismatic leaders is that:
unethical charismatic leaders focus on their own goals.