Orhto Prep U

For a client with osteoporosis, the nurse should provide which dietary instruction? a) "Decrease your intake of red meat." b) "Eat more fruits to increase your potassium intake." c) "Decrease your intake of popcorn, nuts, and seeds." d) "Eat more dairy products to increase your calcium intake."

"Eat more dairy products to increase your calcium intake."

A client undergoes a total hip replacement. Which statement made by the client indicates to the nurse that the client requires further teaching? a) "I don't know if I'll be able to get off that low toilet seat at home by myself." b) "The occupational therapist is showing me how to use a sock puller to help me get dressed." c) "I need to remember not to cross my legs. It's such a habit." d) "I'll need to keep several pillows between my legs at night."

"I don't know if I'll be able to get off that low toilet seat at home by myself."

The nurse is reviewing the client's admission assessment and notes that crepitus of the right knee joint was documented. The nurse recognizes that crepitus is: a) Characterized by limited range of motion of a joint b) A grating sound when a joint is put through range of motion c) Excessive fluid within the capsule of a joint d) Characterized by involuntary muscle twitching of the knee

A grating sound when a joint is put through range of motion

Which of the following terms refers to moving away from midline? a) Eversion b) Adduction c) Inversion d) Abduction

Abduction

Which of the following statements describes paresthesia? a) Abnormal sensations b) Involuntary twitch of muscle fibers c) Absence of muscle movement suggesting nerve damage d) Absence of muscle tone

Abnormal sensations

The nurse is required to design a teaching plan for a client with a ruptured Achilles tendon. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize? a) Effective pin care b) Use of nonprescription medications c) Dietary restrictions d) Activity restrictions

Activity restrictions

Which body movement involves moving toward the midline? a) Eversion b) Adduction c) Abduction d) Pronation

Adduction

A 78-year-old client is in the emergency department following a motor-vehicle collision. Radiographs indicate a fractured humerus; the client is awaiting the casting of her upper extremity and admission to the orthopedic unit. Other than her bone, what other physical structures could be affected by this injury? a) All options are correct b) Nerves c) Blood vessels d) Muscles

All options are correct

The primary functions of cartilage are to reduce friction between moving surfaces, absorb shocks, and reduce stress on joint surfaces. Where, in the human body, would you expect to find cartilage? a) Between the ribs b) Between the vertebrae c) Covering elbow joints d) All options are correct

All options are correct

A client's cast is removed. The client is worried because the skin appears mottled and is covered with a yellowish crust. What advice should the nurse give the client to address the skin problem? a) Apply lotions and take warm baths or soaks. b) Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. c) Consult a skin specialist. d) Scrub the area vigorously to remove the crust.

Apply lotions and take warm baths or soaks.

During a general musculoskeletal assessment, which of the following would help the nurse determine the client's muscle strength? a) Asking the client to lift specified amounts of weights. b) Examining extremities for symmetry, size, and contour. c) Applying force to the client's extremity as the client pushes against that force. d) Palpating each of the client's muscles and joints.

Applying force to the client's extremity as the client pushes against that force.

The nurse would include which of the following in a neurological assessment? a) Inspect the foot for edema. b) Ask the client to plantar flex the toes. c) Capillary refill of the great toe. d) Palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse.

Ask the client to plantar flex the toes.

A nurse is caring for an elderly female client with osteoporosis. When teaching the client, the nurse should include information about which major complication? a) Bone fracture b) Negative calcium balance c) Loss of estrogen d) Dowager's hump

Bone fracture

Which group is at the greatest risk for osteoporosis? a) Men b) Caucasian women c) African American women d) Asian women

Caucasian women

A client who is undergoing skeletal traction complains of pressure on bony areas. Which action would be most appropriate to provide comfort for the client? a) Changing the client's position within prescribed limits. b) Administering prescribed analgesics. c) Assisting with range-of-motion and isometric exercises. d) Applying warm compresses.

Changing the client's position within prescribed limits.

What is the term for a rhythmic contraction of a muscle? a) Atrophy b) Clonus c) Crepitus d) Hypertrophy

Clonus

Which of the following is a neurovascular problem caused by pressure within a muscle area that increases to such an extent that microcirculation diminishes? a) Remodeling b) Hypertrophy c) Compartment syndrome d) Fasciculation

Compartment syndrome

Which of the following refers to a blunt force injury to soft tissue? a) Fracture b) Dislocation c) Strain d) Contusion

Contusion

Which of the following terms refers to a grating or crackling sound or sensation? a) Crepitus b) Clonus c) Fasciculation d) Callus

Crepitus

Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find in a client who has had osteoporosis for several years?

Decreased height

Which of the following terms refers to the shaft of the long bone? a) Epiphysis b) Lordosis c) Diaphysis d) Scoliosis

Diaphysis

A 39-year-old client has been brought to the ED by his teammates. The client was fielding a fly ball, fell, and injured his hip. He cannot place weight on the leg and is in significant pain. After radiographs indicated intact but malpositioned bones, what would you expect the physician to diagnose? a) Dislocation b) Fracture c) Strain d) Sprain

Dislocation

A nurse is inspecting the area of contusion and notes numerous areas of bruising. The nurse would document this finding as which of the following? a) Palsy b) Callus c) Whiplash injury d) Ecchymosis

Ecchymosis

A client presents to the emergency department gently holding the left arm, which is slightly swollen and painful to the touch. Based on these findings, the nurse: a) Positions the arm below the level of the heart b) Elevates the arm and applies a heating pad c) Elevates the arm and applies an ice pack d) Has the client perform active range of motion

Elevates the arm and applies an ice pack

Which of the following are general nursing measures for a patient with a fracture reduction? a) Examining the abdomen for enlarged liver or spleen b) Promoting intake of omega-3 fatty acids c) Encourage participation in ADLs d) Assisting with intake of immune-enhancing tube feeding formulas

Encourage participation in ADLs

A 68-year-old female client who had a total hip replacement is to be discharged because her healing is almost complete. Which of the following would be most important for this client? a) Urging her to keep the affected limb in an elevated position. b) Exploring factors related to the client's home environment. c) Advising the client to avoid red meat. d) Educating the client about the effects of menopause.

Exploring factors related to the client's home environment.

Which term describes a surgical procedure to release constricting muscle fascia so as to relieve muscle tissue pressure? a) Arthroplasty b) Arthrodesis c) Fasciotomy d) Osteotomy

Fasciotomy

Which of the following terms refers to a break in the continuity of a bone? a) Malunion b) Fracture c) Dislocation d) Subluxation

Fracture

Which type of fracture occurs when a bone fragment is driven into another bone fragment? a) Oblique b) Spiral c) Impacted d) Transverse

Impacted

A client undergoes hip-pinning surgery to treat an intertrochanteric fracture of the right hip. The nurse should include which intervention in the postoperative care plan? a) Turning the client from side to side every 2 hours b) Performing passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises on the client's legs once each shift c) Keeping a pillow between the client's legs at all times d) Maintaining the client in semi-Fowler's position

Keeping a pillow between the client's legs at all times

Which nursing assessment finding is indicative of scoliosis? a) Contractures of the wrists b) Lateral curvature of the spine c) Crepitus of the knee joint d) Loss of 1 inch in height

Lateral curvature of the spine

Which of the following is an inaccurate clinical manifestation of a fracture? a) Deformity b) Lengthening c) Pain d) Crepitus

Lengthening

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. The nurse interprets these findings as indicative of: a) Lordosis b) Kyphosis c) Dowager's hump d) Scoliosis

Lordosis

After a person experiences a closure of the epiphyses, which statement is true? a) The bone grows in length but not thickness. b) The bone increases in thickness and is remodeled. c) Both bone length and thickness continue to increase. d) No further increase in bone length occurs.

No further increase in bone length occurs.

A client's fracture was reduced by surgically exposing the bone and realigning it. The nurse identifies this as which of the following? a) Open reduction b) Internal fixation c) Skeletal traction d) Buck's traction

Open reduction

Which of the following orthopedic surgeries is done to correct and align a fracture after surgical dissection and exposure of the fracture? a) Arthrodesis b) Open reduction c) Joint arthroplasty d) Total joint arthroplasty

Open reduction

Elderly clients who fall are most at risk for which injuries? a) Humerus fractures b) Wrist fractures c) Pelvic fractures d) Cervical spine fractures

Pelvic fractures

A 12-year-old client fractured her right leg several weeks ago while skiing and is returning to the orthopedist to have her cast removed. What would you expect the physician to prescribe as further treatment? a) Discontinue use of crutches b) Physical therapy c) No options are correct d) Apply cold compresses to leg for swelling

Physical therapy

A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a total hip replacement. What should the nurse and other caregivers do to prevent dislocation of the new prosthesis? a) Use measures other than turning to prevent pressure ulcers. b) Prevent internal rotation of the affected leg. c) Keep the hip flexed by placing pillows under the client's knee. d) Keep the affected leg in a position of adduction.

Prevent internal rotation of the affected leg.

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement? a) Revascularization b) Inflammation c) Reparative d) Remodeling

Remodeling

Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for a client who has undergone arthrography? a) Gently massage joints with any crackling or clicking joint noises. b) Avoid sunlight or harsh, dry climate. c) Avoid intake of dairy products. d) Report joint crackling or clicking noises occurring after the second day.

Report joint crackling or clicking noises occurring after the second day.

A male client, an ace professional tennis player, sprains his right ankle during a tennis match. The client is immediately rushed to the nurse who provides him with first-aid care. Which of the following would the nurse immediately provide? a) Heat, compression, analgesics, and exercise b) Rest, heat, compression, and elevation c) Exercise, ice, compression, and elevation d) Rest, ice, compression, and elevation

Rest, ice, compression, and elevation

The Emergency Department nurse teaches patients with sports injuries to remember the acronym RICE. This acronym stands for which of the following combinations of treatment? a) Rotation, ice, compression, and examination b) Rotation, immersion, compression and elevation c) Rest, ice, circulation, and examination d) Rest, ice, compression, elevation

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

A client is about to have a cast applied to his left arm. The nurse would alert the client to which of the following as the cast is applied? a) Sensation of warmth or heat with application b) Arm being moved to various positions c) Sensation of weakness d) Increased in pain in left arm

Sensation of warmth or heat with application

Which of the following is a risk-lowering strategy for osteoporosis? a) Diet low in calcium and vitamin D b) Smoking cessation c) Low initial bone mass d) Increased age

Smoking cessation

Which of the following terms refers to an injury to ligaments and other soft tissues of a joint? a) Subluxation b) Strain c) Dislocation d) Sprain

Sprain

The majority of bone infections are caused by which of the following organisms? a) Proteus b) Pseudomonas c) Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

A 45-year-old softball player arrives at the emergency department following his injury while sliding into a base during a game. After his examination and radiographs, the physician diagnoses muscle strain and prescribes appropriate treatment. What does the physician mean with the term "strain"? a) Subluxation of a joint b) Stretched or pulled beyond capacity c) Injuries to ligaments surrounding a joint d) Injury resulting from a blow or blunt trauma

Stretched or pulled beyond capacity

In chronic osteomyelitis, antibiotics are adjunctive therapy in which of the following situations? a) Wound irrigation b) Wound packing c) Vitamin supplements d) Surgical debridement

Surgical debridement

A client experiences a musculoskeletal injury that involves the structure that connects a muscle to the bone. The nurse understands that this injury involves which of the following? a) Cartilage b) Joint c) Ligament d) Tendon

Tendon

A nurse is teaching a female client about preventing osteoporosis. Which teaching point is correct? a) Obtaining an X-ray of the bones every 3 years is recommended to detect bone loss. b) Obtaining the recommended daily allowance of calcium requires taking a calcium supplement. c) The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods. d) To prevent fractures, the client should avoid strenuous exercise.

The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods.

You are assuming care of a 16-year-old patient who is in skeletal traction following a motor vehicle accident. You take shift report and find out that the patient avoids using the urinal and bedpan because they "embarrass him." When you assess the patient you find that the patient's temperature is 101.5°F and his blood pressure and pulse are elevated. What would the nurse suspect? a) Infected pin sites b) Sacral skin breakdown c) Urinary incontinence d) Urinary infection

Urinary infection

Which of the following may occur if a client experiences compartment syndrome in an upper extremity? a) Callus b) Subluxation c) Whiplash injury d) Volkmann's contracture

Volkmann's contracture

The nurse teaches the patient with a high risk for osteoporosis about risk-lowering strategies including which of the following actions? a) Walk or perform weight-bearing exercises outdoors b) Increase fiber in the diet c) Reduce stress d) Decrease the intake of vitamin A and D

Walk or perform weight-bearing exercises outdoors

A nurse is caring for a female client following a motor vehicle accident resulting in paraplegia. The client is ready for discharge to home with her husband, who states, "I'm scared to carry her because I'm afraid I'll either hurt my back or drop her." A nurse identifies a need for discharge teaching of the husband in regard to: a) ergonomic principles and body mechanics. b) the importance of monitoring urinary elimination. c) signs and symptoms of chronic back pain that he should report to his physician. d) nutritional changes for the client with paraplegia.

ergonomic principles and body mechanics.

A fracture is termed pathologic when the fracture a) occurs through an area of diseased bone. b) presents as one side of the bone being broken and the other side being bent. c) involves damage to the skin or mucous membranes. d) results in a pulling away of a fragment of bone by a ligament or tendon and its attachment.

occurs through an area of diseased bone.

Primary prevention of osteoporosis includes: a) using a professional alert system in the home in case a client falls when she's alone. b) installing grab bars in the bathroom to prevent falls. c) optimal calcium intake and estrogen replacement therapy. d) placing items within the client's reach.

optimal calcium intake and estrogen replacement therapy.

An example of a flat bone is the a) sternum. b) vertebra. c) metacarpals. d) femur.

sternum