OSU NUTR 225 Final Practice Questions

Which of the following are the six classes of nutrients?

- Protein - Carbohydrates - Fats/Lipids - Vitamins - Minerals - Water

Appetite is triggered by:

- Time of day - The smell, taste and texture of food - Culture

What is the general recommendation by the Choose My Plate for the intake of fruit and vegetables?

1/2 of your plate

At about what age does basal metabolic rate begin to gradually decrease?

30

Bob just consumed a cookie that contained 40 grams of carbohydrate. How many kilocalories from carbohydrates did he consume?

40 x 4

Body Mass Index is best described as:

A ratio of an individual's body weight to body height.

Which of the following are accessory organs of digestion?

Gallbladder Liver Pancreas

Iodine deficiency

Goiter

Vitamin C deficiency

Scurvy

What is the order in which each of the organs of the GI tract will work to achieve this process of digesting and absorbing the nutrients from a meal?

Mouth: esophagus; stomach: small intestine: large intestine

Niacin deficiency

Pellagra

The information provided on a food label that identifies intake of nutrients based on 2,000 Calories a day is called the

Percent Daily Values

The Choose My Plate has a category for foods that are low nutrient density, what is that term?

empty calories

The primary way the body loses heat is through:

evaporative cooling

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing and storing nutrients is called:

Thermic effect of food

Which of the following ingredients would alert you to the likely presence of trans-fatty acids in a product?

hydrogenated vegetable oil

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body are termed nonessential.

True

Beta-carotene is:

a provitamin of vitamin A

The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is:

alpha-tocopherol

A molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it and help it do its job is called a ____.

coenzyme

Diets high in trans-fatty acids are associated with:

increased blood cholesterol levels.

Microcytic anemia

iron and B6 deficient

Which of the following are functions of fat in the human body?

- Fat assists in the transport of fat soluble vitamins. - Fat maintains the integrity of cell membranes. - Fat provides insulation to help retain body heat.

Which of the following statements on HCl is TRUE?

- HCl untangles the strands of protein and breaks the peptide bonds. - HCl denatures protein to allow digestive enzymes to break down the protein. - HCl activates pepsinogen from pepsin.

Which of the following explains why infants have a higher risk of dehydration than healthy young and middle-aged adults?

- Infants excrete urine at higher rate than adults. - Infants have a greater ratio of body surface area to core body areas. - Infants respond more dramatically to heat and cold than adults.

Which of the following statements is true?

- Lipids yield more Calories per gram than carbohydrates or protein. - Lipids are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. - Lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

To prevent and/or control diabetes, an individual should:

- Maintain a healthful body weight with a healthy diet and daily exercise - Eat slightly more protein and fat and slightly less carbohydrate (especially refined carbohydrates) - Consult a dietitian.

Which statement is TRUE concerning the field of nutrition?

- Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body - Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, metabolize, and store food - Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patter

Which of the following is are reasons that vitamin D and calcium supplements are recommended for elderly individuals?

- Risk of fractures increases when vitamin D is below 800 IU/day. - Bone mineral density declines with age

An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for: ____.

- Type 2 diabetes - Heart Disease

Basal metabolic functions include all of the following

- circulation of your blood and lymph - maintaining your body temperature - respiration (inhaling and exhaling air)

Which of the following are risks associated with alcohol abuse?

- decreased brain function - increased traumatic injury - malnutrition - increased risk of chronic disease - increased risk of liver failure

Which of the following is a function of vitamin C?

- enhances the absorption of dietary iron - assists in the synthesis of collagen - protects lungs from free radicals

Two types of foodborne illness are common:

- food infection - food intoxications

Which of the following are MAJOR functions of protein in the human body?

- growth and maintenance of new tissue - maintaining fluid balance - synthesis of hormones

The three primary stages of cancer development are

- initiation - promotion - progression

What two hormones assist the body in maintaining blood sugar levels?

- insulin - glucagon

Celiac disease ____

- is a complete intolerance for gluten - can damage the lining of the small intestine - can lead to malabsorption

Which factors decrease basal metabolic rate?

- lower height - female gender - older age

Which of the following statements is TRUE about sterols?

- many hormones are made out of sterols. - the human body produces sterols. - cholesterol is the most common sterol found in the human diet.

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were established to refocus nutrient recommendations toward preventing:

- nutrient deficiencies - chronic diseases

Besides our own physiological processes, what are other common factors that can cause free-radical formation?

- smoke - UV light

What groups of people are most likely to be affected by foodborne illness?

- those with AIDS - the elderly

Which of the following diseases has been linked to free radical damage?

- type 2 diabetes - heart disease - cancer

Water-soluble nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, minerals, and some vitamins) enter the 1)_____. Fat-soluble nutrients (lipids and some vitamins) enter the 2)______.

1) portal vein; 2) lymphatic vessel

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat is ________ of total energy intake.

20-30%

Calculate the basal metabolic rate (24 hours) for Peggy (her weight is 60kg) Hint: BMR is 1 kcal/kg per hour for men and 0.9 kcal/kg per hour for women

24 x 60 x 0.9 = 1440

How many calories are provided by 25 grams of fat?

25 x 9 = 225 kilocalories

A triglyceride includes:

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

________ of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid.

50-70%

George's dinner contains 750 kilocalories. At most, how many kilocalories will George expend in order to process this meal?

75 Kcals

What would be the daily protein need for someone who weighs 165 pounds (75 kg), based on the DRI for most adults?

75 x 0.8

Benito is a healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary. He is 5'11" tall (1.8 m) and weighs 175 pounds (80 kg). How many grams of protein would you recommend he consume each day?

80 x 0.8 = 64 grams

Jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. How many kilocalories did Jane eat at breakfast?

85 x 4 = 340 20 x 4 = 80 18 x 9 = 162 = 582 Kcal

Hunger is best described as:

A physiological desire to eat

Although good sources of many B vitamins, a meal of brown rice, red beans and fresh vegetables, does not provide _____.

B12

Vegans need to consume ________ from fortified foods or supplements because it is found naturally only in animal foods.

B12

Mike weights 198 lbs (90kg) and is 6 feet tall (1.83m). what is his BMI?

BMI = kg/m^2 BMI = 90/1.83^2 BMI = 26.9

What are the three components of total energy expenditure?

BMR, physical activity, thermic effect of food

Why do we need carbohydrate?

Brain cells and red blood cells rely on glucose. Carbohydrates fuel exercise. Carbohydrates spare protein.

Which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient?

Cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

Which statement BEST describes "nutrient density"?

Consume foods that have the most nutrients for their calories

________ is/are a set of principles developed by the USDA and the USDHHS to help reduce the risk of developing chronic disease.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Which of the following correctly describes the energy balance equation?

Energy consumed = energy expended

All athletes should consume a protein supplement.

False

Because of their increased protein needs, it is unhealthy for athletes to choose to become vegetarians.

False

Digestion occurs in the esophagus.

False

During times of inadequate intake, the body can synthesize all of the fat it needs

False

Essential amino acids are more important to the human body than nonessential amino acids.

False

Liquids have a higher satiety value than solid foods.

False

People who abstain from alcohol should be encouraged to start drinking in moderation for the potential health benefits associated with alcohol consumption.

False

The protein RDA are the same for athletes and sedentary people.

False

macrocytic anemia

Folate and B12 deficiency

Which vitamins affect homocysteine levels?

Folate, Vitamin B6

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrate is set at 130 g per day because

It covers the amount required to supply adequate glucose to the brain. The RDA for carbohydrate is only enough to provide the required amount of glucose for the brain. It will not support exercise or daily activities. It is important for individuals to consume 45-65% (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) of their calories in the form of primarily whole grains and high-fiber carbohydrate foods (fruits, vegetables).

Which of the following is true of the cell membrane?

It is freely permeable to water but not to electrolytes.

Which of the following is a crucial function of water?

It provides protection for the brain and spinal cord.

Why are phospholipids NOT considered an essential nutrient?

Our bodies manufacture sufficient amount of phospholipids.

Which of the following is true about vitamins A, D, E, and K?

They are fat-soluble

BMR energy expenditure is happening 24 hours a day, including during exercise.

True

Chemical digestion of food begins in the mouth.

True

Complete proteins are primarily found in animal sources.

True

Consuming the recommended number of servings from each of the food groups of MyPlate should help you attain a proper balance of nutrients.

True

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions without being physically altered.

True

Fat is digested more slowly than carbohydrate or protein.

True

Glycogen is not a good source of dietary carbohydrate.

True

Most fats are a combination of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fatty acids.

True

Most plant oils contain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

True

Per serving, ground beef contains higher amount of iron than rice

True

Per serving, salmon contains higher amount of vitamin D than beef.

True

Women absorb a greater percentage of a given alcohol intake as compared to men of the same size.

True

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1: the body cannot produce insulin Type 2: the body does not respond to insulin

Over 16 million Americans have diabetes. Which of the following is the most prevalent form of diabetes?

Type 2

Joyce's friend has recommended that Joyce take a vitamin C supplement before she undergoes oral surgery. Joyce is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement. Which of the following nutrient standards would assist Joyce in determining the highest amount of the supplement that would be safe for her to consume?

UL- tolerable upper intake level

The micronutrient most closely associated with blood clotting is:

Vitamin K

Which of the following describes whole grains most accurately

Whole grains naturally contain vitamins and fiber

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?

a 9-year-old girl who is experiencing a growth spurt

All of the following are parts of an amino acid molecule:

a central carbon. an acid group. an amine group.

Today, wellness is defined as

a multidimensional process including physical, emotional, and spiritual health.

Which of the following would have the lowest glycemic index?

a strawberry (fresh fruit/vegetables)

The primary role of the B-vitamins is to

act as coenzymes

Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs?

adipose tissue

Which of the following are examples of an inorganic nutrient?

calcium

Carbohydrates contain:

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?

chicken

Someone gains weight when they:

consume more calories than expended

Foods that are labeled 100% organic:

contain only organically produced ingredients, excluding water and salt

A complete protein:

contains all 9 essential amino acids.

Does the presence of leptin increase or decrease food intake?

decrease

Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not absorbed by the body?

dietary fiber

What is the term that describes the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules?

digestion

Which of the following health problems has been associated with high protein intakes?

elevated blood cholesterol

One potential problem with a very low-fat diet is that it may be deficient in:

essential fatty acids

Plasma is one example of _____.

extracellular fluid

Which of the following nutrients yields the most energy per gram?

fats/lipids

Which of the following is usually used to describe any symptom or illness that arises from ingesting contaminated water or food?

foodborne illness

Digestion in the small intestine is aided by secretions from all of the following organs

gallbladder pancreas small intestine

Which of the following disorder is due to the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori?

gastric ulcers

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?

glucose

Which monosaccharide is the preferred source of energy for the brain?

glucose

Which of the following is our body's storage form of carbohydrate?

glycogen

Sources of Vitamin K

gut bacteria, soybean, fish

Diets high in sodium are associated with:

high blood pressure

Inadequate intake of folate and vitamin B12 can lead to increased blood levels of _____, a risk factor for _____.

homocysteine; cardiovascular disease

Does the presence of ghrelin increase or decrease appetite?

increase

Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?

infants and the elderly

After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

insulin

Reduced production of what, limits absorption of food sources of vitamin B12?

intrinsic factor

Most common micronutrient deficiency

iron deficiency

A limitation in using the Body Mass Index is that:

it does not take body composition into account

In the absence of carbohydrate, ________ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat.

ketones

Most water is lost daily via the ________.

kidneys

Transport vehicles for most lipids are called:

lipoproteins

Where does most alcohol get metabolized?

liver

The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of protein, energy, and nutrients in the diet is called:

marasmus.

The process of combining peanut butter and whole wheat bread to make a complete protein meal is called:

mutual supplementation

What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?

nitrogen

Peggy has BMI of 19. According to BMI classification, her BMI is considered _____

normal weight

Which of the following foods are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?

olive oil, avocados, and cashew nuts

Which of the following describes lipids?

organic nutrients that are insoluble in water

Insulin is synthesized and released by the:

pancreas

Which compound is involved in digestion in the stomach?

pepsin

The term complex carbohydrates refers to:

polysaccharides

The two electrolytes that enable nerves to respond to stimuli are sodium and

potassium

The primary function of the large intestine is to

prepare unabsorbed food residue for excretion

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

side chain

Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index?

the extent to which a given food raises glucose and insulin levels in the blood

What is the main nutritional concern associated with a vegan diet?

the possibility of calcium, iron, zinc, B12, and vitamin D deficiencies

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of which hormone?

thyroid hormone

Which of the following can be caused by diets high in added sugars?

tooth decay

What is the primary form of lipid in the diet?

triglycerides

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of:

two monosaccharides

Which of the following best describes moderate alcohol consumption?

up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men

Diets rich in ________ are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels.

vitamin K (potassium)

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

vitamins

Insensible water loss includes:

water loss from respiration water loss from both the skin and lungs

Most digestion and absorption occurs in what part of the GI Tract

small intestine

The absorption of proteins occurs in the:

small intestine

The thrifty gene theory suggests that :

some people possess a gene that causes them to expend less energy than other people.

Eve is a stay-at-home mom who generally prepares most of the meals for her household. Even though she always prepares meals that offer enough Calories and nutrients for her family of four, she often tends to make the same meals. Which characteristic of a healthy diet is Eve not incorporating into her meal planning?

variety

Much of the vitamin E that we consume comes from

vegetable oils

Thiamin deficiency

beriberi

Fiber might reduce cholesterol levels by

binding to bile in the digestive tract that is produced from cholesterol, resulting in more excretion of cholesterol in the feces and by delaying or blocking the absorption of dietary cholesterol into the bloodstream.

Bone remodeling is critical in maintaining:

blood calcium levels