Other
brain in a vat [accept very similar answers, e.g. "brain in a jar," but not stuff that is further afield. "Ghost in the machine" or "HEY MAN THE MATRIX MAN" are not acceptable.]
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Apollo program [accept Apollo 11 before “first Command Moduleâ€]
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Arcadia
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Area 51
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Arthur Dent [accept either]
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Auguste Comte
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Baltimore
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Baltimore Orioles [prompt on "Baltimore"]
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Bo Staff (Accept either, accept reasonable equivalents like "stick")
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Brandenburg Gate or Brandenburger Tor
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Bridge on the Drina or Na drini cuprija
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Brighton Rock
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Bronislaw Malinowski
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Butch (from "How the Butch Does It: 1959", part of Women on Women 2: An Anthology of American Lesbian Short Fiction)
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Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims (ranns)
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Channel Islands
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Charles "Lucky" Luciano
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Charles K. Ponzi
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Charles Wright Mills
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Chinese room argument [or Chinese box argument]
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Chrysler Building
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Cicero
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Civil Disobedience
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Clovis
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Clowns [do not accept fools or jesters or any such crap]
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Confessions of an English Opium Eater
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David William Donald Cameron
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Death
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Don Juan or Don Giovanni
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Dorothy Parker
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Ebenezer
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Edmund Halley
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Epstein
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Erving Goffman
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Ethernet
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Ethernet (accept IEEE Standard 802.3 if someone actually says it before it's mentioned)
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Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI
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Felipe de Jesus Calderón Hinojosa
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Flatland
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Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions
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Folsom Prison [prompt on partial answer; accept Folsom Prison Blues]
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Francis Galton
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Franco Modigliani
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Frederick Law Olmsted
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Fredrich Engels
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Friedrich Froebel
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Ganges River
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George Foreman Lean Mean Fat Reducing Grilling Machine or
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Georgetown
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Gerardus Mercator (or Gerardus de Cremer)
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Glenn Beck
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Grass (Sandburg's poem Grass; "What is the grass?")
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Guess Who's Coming To Dinner
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Hamlet
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Hebrew
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Hector Guimard
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Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
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Hildegard von Bingen
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Hyundai Motor Company [or Hyundai Kia Automotive Group]
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IEEE 802.11 or Wi-Fi or Wireless LAN or Wireless Internet (do not accept or prompt: AirPort or Bluetooth)
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Icelandic language or Íslenska
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Indus River [or Sindhu; or Harahauvati; or Abasin; or Nilou; or Sengge Zanbo]
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Internet Protocol version 6 or IPv6 [prompt on partial answer]
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Invisible Cities or Le Città invisibili
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Jacob Riis
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Jasper Newton "Jack" Daniel
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John Havlicek
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John Mearsheimer
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John Wesley Powell
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Josh Gibson
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Kansas
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Kennewick Man
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Kensington Stone
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Kevlar
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Kuwait
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Laffer curve
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Le Samourai or Jef Costello (either name is acceptable)
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Leprechauns
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Linus Carl Pauling
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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
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Lynette Alice "Squeaky" Fromme
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Mac OS X (accept: Mac OS 10)
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Marcel Mauss
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Margaret
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Maturin [Gray, Charles, Stephen, and Charles again]
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Max Weber
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Max Weber (Both names are required.)
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Mint Julep
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Mister Roberts
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Mont Saint Michel and Chartres
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Monticello
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Morgan (accept de Morgan on the early buzz)
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Nadia Comaneci
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Naxos
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New Jersey Meadowlands [or Hackensack Meadowlands before mention]
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Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America
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Noam Chomsky
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Nudism (or Nude sunbathing)
...
Octopus or Octopi
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Oliver Wolf Sacks, MD
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Ostracism
...
Pabst
...
Paul Robeson
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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
...
Pete Sampras
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Philip Cortelyou Johnson
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Phineas Taylor Barnum
...
Piltdown Man
...
Pistons-Pacers Brawl [or according to Wikipedia: Malice at the Palace]
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Polaroid camera
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Qantas
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Qdoba Mexican Grill
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Rainbows
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Red Stripe
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Republic of Botswana
...
Richard "Kinky" Friedman
...
Robert Fulton
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Roman Osipovich Jakobson
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Romulan Star Empire
...
Ronin
...
Rotten boroughs
...
Royal Pavilion at Brighton
...
Russia
...
SQL (pronounced sequel) or Structured Query Language
...
Samuel W. Taylor
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Santa Barbara
...
Scrabble
...
Seattle, Washington
...
Sephiroth
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Shanghai
...
Sie [ZEE]
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Silent Spring
...
Slavic languages [or Slavonic languages; accept Balto-Slavic languages"; accept South Slavic languages until "southern"]
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St. Paul's Cathedral
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Star Chamber
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Starcraft [prompt on Brood War]
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State of Wisconsin
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Steve Kerr
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The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy or Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien
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The Fountain (accept The Burning Fountain before "Rebecca West")
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The Glass House
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The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time [or Zeruda no Densetsu: Toki no Okarina]
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The Lonely Crowd
...
The Sims 3
...
The Wire
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Thomas Kuhn
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Tommy Walker
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Tupac Amaro or Thupa Amaru
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Veronica Michelle Bachelet Jeria
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Victoria Cross
...
Wankel rotary engine (prompt on "rotary engine")
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Watson
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Watts
...
Weber
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Whitney
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William Congreve
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William Graham Sumner
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Zion National Park
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anathema
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bear(s)
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blindness
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bullshit [accept word forms; also accept On Bullshit]
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butterfly
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cannoli (accept cannolo from the pedantic)
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cargo cult
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circumcision
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cybernetics
...
falsifiability (accept falsification on an early buzz)
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fetish
...
fetishism
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freedom
...
functional programming languages
...
golden
...
goto statement [accept unconditional jump before it is read; prompt jump before it is read]
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hobos (this question is dedicated to Ryan Westbrook)
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homosexuality (accept equivalents including gay and lesbian)
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horses [or any reasonable equivalent; some of these are specifically female or male horses but I suggest taking either mares or stallions so as not to be a jerk; accept chariots until the end of the first sentence]
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humor or laughter
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inflation
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iron
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kudzu
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lossless compression
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magic (prompt on clear knowledge equivalents)
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mechanical reaper
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memory
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optical illusions
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pale
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philosophical zombies [or p-zombies]
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phrenology
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poker
...
realism
...
science (accept Big Science before the Sting song is mentioned)
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selection sort
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shadows
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shell
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silent majority
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soft money
...
speakeasy or speakeasies
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sponge [accept [spunge], Aunt Sponge, contraceptive sponge, or even SpongeBob]
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squid
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sturgeon
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subjunctive
...
suicide
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summer
...
syllables
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the Islamic Calendar [accept Muslim Calendar or Hijri Calendar, early]
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the Protocols of the Elders of Zion or the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion
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the Ten Books on Architecture or On Architecture or De Architectura
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the Transamerica Pyramid (or the Transamerica Tower)
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the chess player or chess automaton or the Turk (accept alternatives)
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the sea
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time [accept Technics and Time]
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torts
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trees
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tulips
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two plus two equals four [accept reasonable equivalents like two plus two is four; twice two is four, twice two makes four, etc.]
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vector
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virtual [accept word forms like virtualization]
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zipper
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(Alexandre-)Gustave Eiffel
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A. M. Turing Award
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Alice B. Toklas
...
Amartya Sen
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Amelia
...
...
-1967
"The Man Who Sold the World"
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A Carl Sandburg poem with this title invokes the battles of Austerlitz, Waterloo, Gettysburg, Ypres and Verdun, suggesting that "two years, ten years, and the passengers ask the conductor: What place is this? Where are we now?" In the first line of Walt Whitman's Song of Myself, a child asks the poet to define it: "I guess it must be the flag of my disposition, out of hopeful green stuff woven." For 10 points, name this natural floral phenomenon.
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A Fisher-Yates shuffle can be considered the reverse of this algorithm. Bingo sort combines it with counting sort, as it finds all instances of the key to be moved. Use of a binary tree or a heap rather than an array improves the algorithm's performance to order n log n for n elements. Like bubble sort, a bidirectional version exists that is sometimes called shaker sort, and though it is generally outperformed by insertion sort, it is sometimes preferred, as it requires fewer data movements. FTP, name this intuitive sorting algorithm, in which successive minimums of an unsorted list are moved to the front in order.
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A band of this name is the only one ever given permission to change the lyrics of a Bob Marley song. That song, their cover of "No Woman, No Cry", appeared on their first album Room For Abuse, while their other songs include "Kicking Pigeons" and "Ego." One enormously fat character of this name claims to "look and smell as lovely as a rose" before being crushed, along with Aunt Spiker, by a giant peach in a Roald Dahl work. In a TV episode titled for one of these objects, controversy erupts over the label on a pair of size 31 jeans and Bob and Cedric beat up a man for not wearing an AIDS ribbon. In that Seinfeld episode, Elaine attempts to determine whether Billy is "worthy" of one of these objects. For 10 points, identify this word that also refers to a certain Bikini Bottom native with square pants.
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A dissimilarity characteristic for these objects is defined by Otter's theorem and is useful for analyzing Husimi ones. Rosa's conjecture concerns whether they may be gracefully labeled. The 2-3 version is a special variety of the B version of them. The zig, zig-zig, and zig-zag steps are used in creating the "splay" type of them, which uses much less memory than the AVL and red-black varieties. Kruskal and Prim name algorithms for finding their minimum spanning variety. For 10 points, name this class of graphs without double edges or cycles, which, in computer science, is a data structure that has a binary search variety, whose bottommost nodes are called leaves.
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A flower girl from the slums of Midgard was proficient with this type of weapon, until she was stabbed to death. One fictional example is the Kali-Yuga, which is wielded by Kilik in the Soul Calibur universe. Tim Drake once asked Lady Shiva to train him specifically in the use of this weapon because it is non-lethal. Napoleon Dynamite told Pedro that the gangs at school tried to recruit him because of his proficiency with it. In Marvel Comics, along with a deck of playing cards, this is the preferred weapon of Remy LeBeau. For ten points, name this long, straight, blunt-force weapon, most famously wielded by Aerith Gainsborough, Sun Wukong, Gambit and Donatello the Ninja Turtle.
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A group called the Brown Berets occupied these islands in 1972 and these islands were originally inhabited by the Chumash and the Tongva. Pygmy Mammoths thrived on these islands, which still shelter rare wildlife such as the Island Fox and a unique species of Torrey Pine. Reaching their highest point at Devil's Peak, the northern islands in this chain were created by the Raymond Fault, which also formed the Santa Monica mountains. Avalon is the only permanent civilian residence on these islands, of which Anacapa is the closest to mainland while Santa Cruz is the largest. For 10 points, identify this chain of eight islands including Santa Catalina and San Clemente, located off the coast of Southern California.
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A handbook on this topic by Cornelius Donovan compares the practice of it to playing a musical instrument or holding a pen and notes that its greatest charm lies in its "reflective aspect as an exposition of the mental system." The Scotsman George Combe made this topic the subject of his book The Constitution of Man, and Johann Spurzheim helped spread it to Britain and American, while Bernard Hollander wrote about it in The Mental Function of the Brain. Phineas Gage was a useful case study for practitioners of this theory, developed mainly by Franz Joseph Gall. A popular 19th century pseudoscience, FTP, name this study which attempts to find meaning by looking at the bumps people have on their head.
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A knee injury derailed this athlete's attempts to play in the 1986 FIBA gold medal match and sidelined him for his next season with the Arizona Wildcats, although he helped the 1988 squad reach the Final Four. Later traded along with Erick Barkley to the Portland Trail Blazers, he ultimately returned to the team that traded Chuck Person for him, and, despite previously playing only thirteen playoff minutes, he hit four three-pointers in thirteen minutes in Game 6 of the Conference Finals to eliminate the Mavericks en route to winning his final NBA championship in 2003. This athlete also made the game-winning shot in the last game of the 1997 Finals via a pass from a John Stockton-guarded Michael Jordan. His recent work includes slowing down Steve Nash by acquiring Shaquille O'Neal. For 10 points, name this most accurate three-point shooter in NBA history and current general manager of the Phoenix Suns.
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A mathematically based tabular version of this thing is known as the hisabi version. This entity saw an end of the practice of intercalation, which is implementer denounced in his Farewell Pilgrimage. Its first year of use is often dubbed the "Year of the Elephant," and certain subdivisions of this entity are prefixed by the word yaum. It depends upon a practice known as hilal that involves lunar observation, which delineates when subdivisions of it begin. It measures years after the Hijra, and its months include Shawwal and Muharram. FTP, name this calendar, according to which it is year 1428 AH, and whose months include Ramadan.
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A notable scene involving this character features his mother smashing a mirror to contact him, and he sings the song "We're Not Gonna Take It" at the end of the film in which he appears. This character goes to visit a woman who sings "Acid Queen", and is also left alone with his Cousin Kevin, who bullies him. This character was molested by his "Wicked Uncle Ernie," and his birth is recounted in the song "Fantastic Journey" and "It's a Boy," while shortly after his birth, his father kills his mother's lover. This character eventually marries Sally Simpson, and sings the song "I'm Free", as well as "See Me, Feel Me." For 10 points, name the "deaf, dumb, and blind" pinball-playing subject of a Who rock opera and film adaptation.
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A police reporter for the New York Tribune from 1877, he became known for his vivid descriptions of crime in the Mulberry Bend and Five Points areas. The unspeakable poverty and overcrowding that he witnessed there led him to become an activist, promoting tenement regulation, care for homeless children, the construction of playgrounds, and the closing of police lodging houses, which police commissioner Theodore Roosevelt finally did at his urging. He began illustrating his articles with his own photography of the squalor, and his subsequent article, "Flashes from the Slums" in 1888 was highly successful. For 10 points, who was this Danish immigrant and activist who gained national fame in 1890 with his photo-journalistic book How the Other Half Lives?
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A proponent of Marshall's economics while a student of Joan Robinson, he discarded his roots and employed social choice theory in his most famous work. In his 1970 article The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal, this economist argued that the Pareto optimality was not value-neutral but rather contradicted the liberalism of Mill. His most famous work was published in another 1970 paper in which he attributed the Arrow Impossibility theorem to his most important development. FTP, identify this author of Collective Choice and Social Welfare, the Indian recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics.
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A recent Mobile, Alabama news report concerning people claiming to have seen one of these figures features one woman theorizing that "it might have been a crack-head who got hold of the wrong stuff." Jennifer Aniston starred in a 1993 movie that sees one of these trapped in a well at the film's end. One tells Ralph Wiggum, "Burn the house down! Burn 'em all!," while the second episode of Aqua Teen Hunger Force sees three of them suck Carl to the forest. In a recent episode of South Park, Kyle is obligated to suck Cartman's balls after the appearance of one of these creatures, who is asked, "Where's the gold?" The University of Notre Dame's mascot is basically, FTP, what male faerie creature of Irish myth, one of which is featured on the box of Lucky Charms cereal?
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A recent trend in this language uses an expletive subject and accusative object to indicate a passive, called the "new impersonal construction" or "new passive". Venceslaus Ulricus Hammershaimb developed an alphabet for a neighbor based on this language, which uses one of its distinct letters to represent various phonemes. Some speakers of this language use "dative sickness", turning accusative into dative in the so-called "quirky subjects" for verbs which don't take the nominative. Traders speaking this language developed a pidgin with Basque in the seventeenth century. Doubled voiceless stops in t his language are preaspirated, and like Faeroese, it uses the letters thorn and eth to represent dental fricatives. For 10 points, name this wacky North Germanic language, a descendant of Old Norse spoken in Reykjavík.
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A remastered album titled for this place begins with versions of "Blue Suede Shoes" and "This Ole House" and sees the lead singer tell the audience, "You can't say hell or shit" before he begins "I Still Miss Someone." That album named for this place also includes performances of "Dark as a Dungeon" and "25 Minutes to Go." One song titled for this place speculates that "I bet there's rich folk eatin' in a fancy dining car / they're probably drinkin' coffee and smokin' big cigars." The narrator of that song about this place is here because he "shot a man in Reno, just to watch him die." For 10 points, name this California correctional institution whose blues are recounted in a noted live album by Johnny Cash.
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A vacuum cleaner that must be worn as a backpack is painful, particularly afflicting Marge, who has arthritis. George, a Czechoslovakian immigrant, is fired because he cannot understand that he has been accused of stealing. The second section of the book concerns a nursing home in Portland where the author is entrusted to feed a ward of elderly Alzheimer's patients. The author makes friends with Melissa while sorting clothing, and the author's departure leads Melissa to also quit her job at Wal-Mart. Inspired after a lunch with Lewis Lapham, the author travels to Florida, Maine and Minnesota and is oppressed by bosses B.J., Howard, and Ted. After finding it difficult to pay rent, the author concludes that unskilled jobs are mentally and physically challenging, and that the rise of rents is making it difficult for the working poor to survive. FTP, identify this sociological work written by Barbara Ehrenreich.
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AMANDA extended one of these created by David Turner, and Wadler wrote a book on how to use monads in them. Charity is an example of the so-called "total" type of these that prohibit non-termination, and easy memorization in them is attained through the fact that many of them maintain referential transparency. Some 70 SFRIs extend one of these beyond its R6RS standards, while another employs call-by-need, a form of lazy evaluation. Besides that one named for the first namesake of the Curry-Howard correspondence, side effects aren't present in "pure" ones. Microsoft recently created one that is similar to OCaml called F# ["F-Sharp"], and they usually implement the tuple data type. Exemplified by Scheme and Lisp, for 10 points, name this type of programming language contrasted with imperative languages.
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According to Aristotle, it was introduced as part of Cleisthenes' reforms, and the first one concerned one Hipparchus, son of Charmus. At a meeting set aside for the purpose in the winter, any Athenian citizen could scratch the name of another citizen on a shard of pottery. At various times, popular names included Themistocles and Aristedes, both of whom received the punishment of 10 years' expulsion from Attica. FTP, name this practice, now synonymous with social shunning.
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According to Plutarch, the first person to live in this type of structure was the first-century tribune, Livius Drusus. One of the more well-known examples is the Farnsworth House in Illinois, designed by Mies van der Rohe, but the most notable such building includes a free standing "buffet bar" and a red brick cylinder containing the bathroom. Due to the brick, the bathroom is the only room with any privacy in the New Canaan, Connecticut version designed by Philip Johnson. FTP, identify this sort of structure who's residents shouldn't throw stones.
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According to a Merril Mushroom essay, as of 1959, this type of person combs her hair in private. This is the functional combing. She pats it as she combs, pressing it and parting it into a perfect duck's ass. In public she performs her show combing. When she plays pool, she rearranges her stance, aware of the many eyes on her, aware of the women watching her every move. After she sinks her shot she lights another Camel. For 10 points, what adjective describes an assertive lesbian?
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After Charles Bonaparte and Theodore Roosevelt gave similar speeches to the Baltimore Civil Service Reform Association, they met for drinks and, in the ensuing conversation, decided to create this organization. Organized under the leadership of Stanley W. Finch, its seal features 46 leaves on the two laurel branches, representing the 46 states in the Union at the time of its founding in 1908. Initially empowered to conduct business by the Mann Act, the 1918 National Motor Vehicle Theft Act gave it the authority to prosecute criminals who previously evaded the law by crossing state lines. With the motto "Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity," FTP, name this nationwide crime-solving unit.
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After study at Oberlin and Wheaton colleges and service in the Union army during the Civil War, he became a geology professor at Illinois Wesleyan College in 1865. In 1869 he explored and made a geological survey of the Green and Colorado river canyons. During his travels he studied the Native Americans he encountered, and in 1879 he was appointed the first director of the U.S. Bureau of Ethnology. He also served as head of the U.S. Geological Survey. FTP, identify this American renaissance man, known as the first major classifier of Native American languages, and as a pioneering surveyor of the Rocky Mountains.
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After studying art with Benjamin West, this man dedicated himself to engineering, patenting machines for sawing marble, for spinning flax, and for twisting hemp into rope. He then entered the canal digging business, publishing "A Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation". While in Paris from 1797-1806 he invented a submarine but failed to interest the French government in the designs, after which he was commissioned by Robert Livingston to build his most famous creation, which was once described as "a backwoods saw-mill mounted on a scow and set on fire." FTP, who was this inventor whose ship Clermont was the first economically effective steamboat?
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After the death of William Schlumberger, the most famous owner of one of these died at sea and his version of it was purchased by John Mitchell, whose son Silas later wrote a book about it. The earliest known one of these was created by Wolfgang von Kempelen, whose work was duplicated by Joseph Racknitz later in the 18th century. One of them known as "Ajeeb" was destroyed in a fire in the 1920s, while the most famous one was the subject of an 1836 essay which compares it to the duck of Vaucanson and the calculating machine of Charles Babbage. FTP, name this subject of that Edgar Allan Poe essay, a device owned by Johann Maelzel which featured a mannequin wearing a turban who excelled at a certain game.
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Ajax opens a jar of these in Sula's bedroom in a Toni Morrison novel, and, in Agee's A Death in the Family, Andrew tells Rufus about one of these remaining on Jay's coffin even after it is lowered into the ground. Walter Mosley wrote a book called White one of these, and Julia Alvarez wrote a novel called In the Time of these. Sylvia's love is attracted to one of these in a Garcia Lorca play about its "Evil Spell". Rene Gallimard is the subject of a David Henry Hwang play whose title mentions one of them, while Paul Baumer reaches out for one of these after being shot by a French sniper in All Quiet on the Western Front. Eckels learns that the fascist Deutscher has become president after he went back in time and stepped on, FTP, what type of arthropod popularized in its "Madame" form?
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Alamouti Coding and MIMO technology are currently being explored as possible approaches to increasing the throughput to physical layer of this standard. Currently its most popular application employs Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance technology over 14 overlapping 22-megahertz channels that comprise a 2.4 Giga-Hertz spectrum. In summer 2003 anticipation grew as the adoption of the 'G' amendment neared and it was expected that the 5.9 mega-bit per second throughput could be increased. FTP, what is this family of IEEE (EYE-Triple E) standards through which machines are able to connect to the Internet without a cord.
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An episiode of Top Gear clocked one of this company's flagship models as taking nineteen seconds to go from zero to sixty. In 2008, this company began phasing out its supermini model, which is not sold in the United States; both the i20 and a new electric version will replace the engine-driven Getz. This firm entered the international market with the Pony following a technology-sharing agreement with Ford that enabled it to develop assembly lines for the Cortina. Its first American car was the highest-selling debut import in history, the Excel, which was rebadged as the Mitsubishi Precis. This manufacturer of the Santa Fe SUV purchased Kia in 1998, giving it an eighty percent share of the South Korean market. For 10 points, name this automaker whose models include the Accent, Elantra, and Sonata.
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An introduction to the field is the book The Human Use of Human Beings. It uses engineering tools such as the theories of systems, communications, and control. Begun as a comparative study of the automatic control systems of the central nervous system and electro-mechanical systems, it was important in the development of artificial intelligence. For ten points, name this field founded in 1948 by Norbert Wiener.
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Aqua is what everyone sees. Aqua is built on Classic, to run programs native to 8.1 or later, Carbon, to run the new programs, and Cocoa, for execute Java-based programs. Those are all built on the open-source-based Darwin kernel. FTP identify this strange flavor of Unix that saves documents in Adobe PDF, runs graphics through OpenGL, and is fully QuickTime compatible because it is created by the makers of QuickTime.
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As a state representative from Bridgeport, he introduced an 1879 anti-birth control law that the Supreme Court overturned in Griswold v. Connecticut. He often played host to the elite of 19th century cultural life at his Oriental estate Iranistan. The self-styled "Prince of Humbugs", his rise to fame began with his purchase of John Scudder's American Museum, which he transformed into a forum for his promotions, including Charles S. Stratton, who he dubbed Tom Thumb. Known for organizing Jenny Lind's tour of America, FTP, who is this promoter known for the circus he ran with James Bailey?
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At the age of 14, sumac poisoning damaged his eyesight, so he apprenticed as a topographic engineer. His 1852 book, Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in England, tells of his studies of English landscaping. He chaired the Yosemite commission and collaborated with Calvert Vaux on the Niagara Falls project, and laid out the Mount Royal Park in Montreal, Piedmont Park in Atlanta, and 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. FTP, name this designer of Central Park in Manhattan.
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Born with the surname of Rothschild, this writer served as drama critic for the magazine Vanity Fair and, under the pen name of "A Constant Reader," as a book reviewer for the New Yorker. The author of the short stories Big Blonde and The Custard Heart, as well as the poetry collection Enough Rope, she is best known for her insults, particularly her "How can they tell?" quip about the death of Calvin Coolidge. For 10 points-- name this member of the Algonquin Round Table.
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Both the national motto and the currency translate as "rain." Luck, life, and prosperity are other meanings of pula. The national animal is the zebra, the inspiration for the black and white bands-- symbolzing racial harmony and pluralism-- located between blue bands representing water on its national flag. For ten points, name this landlocked African nation, whose capital, on the Limpopo River, is Gabarone.
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Computer graphics known by this name were first used in programs like the SAGE air defense system and include primitive objects such as Bezier curves. In operating systems, this term refers to a memory location, while in mathematics, this term refers both to first-rank tensors and to spaces which, as a consequence of the axiom of choice, have a basis. In biology, an example is a mosquito which carries a malarial parasite. This term also denotes a one-dimensional array in many programming languages. In physics, velocity is an example of, FTP, what type of quantity specified by a magnitude and a direction?
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Conan O'Brien mercilessly mocked its namesake a few years back, though now it is a certified phenomenon and even a family size is available. It features a polarized plug and comes with a special Plastic Spatula to clean the double-sided grooves, it also has a Drip Tray, useful when making a strip steak in 5 minutes or as the manual suggests "The Champ's Sausage Without Guilt." FTP identify this product of Salton Inc. a fast-cooking, pod-looking thing endorsed by a gregarious former boxer.
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Daniel Stoljar argues against the "strong" conception of these things, while Joseph Levine's "Purple Haze" says that their possible existence is "the principal manifestation of the explanatory gap." Nigel Thomas used the example of discussing the smell of coffee to write of the "killer" of these entities, whose "Unimagined Preposterousness" was described by Daniel Dennett. They were assumed to be possible in "Armstrong on the Mind" by Thomas Nagel, and Robert Kirk has posited an example named Dan who methodically becomes one. For 10 points, name these creatures which would discredit the notion of qualia, or a unique non-physical experience of being human.
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David Burke & Donatella serves examples of these items made with La Quercia pork shoulder and black truffles, while Ferran Adria's at El Bulli (boo-yee) contains corn and guacamole. A savory variety common in Naples is called "farciti", and one part of these items, known as the scorzi, is usually made with Marsala wine. Unusually large ones are common in Piana degli Albanesi, and they are often garnished with chopped succade, or citrus rind. In one film, a character played by Eli Wallach is killed by Talia Shire's character, Connie, with a poisoned one of these items, and in an earlier film in the same series, Rocco is told to retrieve them by Clemenza. For ten points, name this Italian dessert, a fried pastry tube containing a sweet, usually ricotta-based, filling.
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Denali makes use of a process termed para this to run x86 architecture on certain machines advanced by Popek and Goldberg. Examples of those machines described by this adjective include Java Runtime Environment, which sends commands and receives outputs from the Java software, and the memory of this type frees up RAM by moving unused physical memory to the hard disk. Certain entities described by this adjective are formed by reflections in all convex mirrors, and, when an object is within the focal length, converging lenses also lead to those images described by this adjective. For 10 points, identify this adjective, which contrasts with real images in optics and names a type of technology that simulates the feel of a fake alternate world called its namesake reality.
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Derived from a term first used by Portugese explorers to describe native practices in West Africa, Charles de Brosses was the first to use the term to denote a specific variety of religious practices derived from Ancient Egypt. Auguste Comte associated it with the first of his three states of human history, the theological. Also known as ju ju, the objects associated with this set of beliefs often include mixtures of blood, hair, fur, and water. Karl Marx, in the first volume of Capital, describes a version of this for commodities. For 10 points, name this animistic form of religious belief, which can also designate a sexual attraction to an inanimate object.
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Discovered in 1898 by Olaf Ohman, a controversial translation by Erik Wahlgren reads: "8 Swedes and 22 Norwegians on an exploration journey from Vinland westward. We had our camp by 2 rocky islets one day's journey north of this stone. We were out fishing one day. When we came home we found 10 men red with blood and dead. AVM save us from evil. We have 10 men by the sea to look after our ships, 14 days journey from this island. Year 1362." FTP, name this 202-pound rune stone, allegedly created by explorer Paul Knutson and discovered near its namesake town in Minnesota.
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During this politician's election campaign, management of the personalized account system of pensions became a non-issue, despite the opposing candidate being a billionaire and brother of the system's earlier organizer, Jose Pinera.An important health and defense advisor in the Concertacion coalition, she was rewarded with a ministry position in the administration of Ricardo Lagos. She was tortured before being exiled to Australia after her father died of a heart attack, which this woman's father suffered in captivity for his resistance to the rise of Pinochet. For 10 points, name this agnostic and Socialist divorcee and pediatrician, elected the first female President of notably catholic Chile in 2006.
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During this program's run, impure water with hydrogen bubbles caused one crew to suffer excessive flatulence. A failed plugs-out test led to this program's first catastrophic failure, which killed Ed White, Roger Chaffee, and Gus Grissom. Gene Kranz aborted one of this program's missions, in which an oxygen tank explosion nearly killed James Lovell and his crew. Another mission during this program saw the Eagle module land at Tranquility Base. For 10 points, name this series of U.S. space missions, the eleventh of which put men on the moon.
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First expounded in the 1934's The Logic of Research, it was originally proposed as a solution for the problem of induction in scientific methodology. In Two Dogmas of Empiricism, Quine notes that its naïve version can easily be avoided in theories if one makes the requisite "compensatory adjustments" and Thomas Kuhn claimed in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions that scientists will add any number of ad-hoc adjustments to existing theories to protect a paradigm from it. FTP, name this most famous concept of Karl Popper, essentially the ability of a statement to be proven false by an observation or experiment.
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Fitz-Greene Halleck wrote a poem to a woman of this name, who is asked to say that she loves the Man and not the Poet. In Robert Southey's "Rudiger," the title character marries a woman of this name. Swinburne wrote a poem in Scottish dialect about a woman of this name who goes for a ride with Lord Hugh of Burnieshaw. An old man named Armytage reminisces about a woman of this name who died of sadness while waiting for the return of her husband Robert in a long poem written in the 1790s. In another poem, a girl of this name is admonished that "sorrow's springs are the same" and asked if she is grieving over Goldengrove unleaving. FTP, give this common name which appears in Wordsworth's "The Ruined Cottage" and Gerard Manley Hopkins's "Spring and Fall," which is also the first name of a Canadian poet who wrote The Circle Game and The Journals of Susanna Moodie.
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Follow the "Red Tile Tour" signs to El Presidio, the Spanish Colonial military outpost; or El Paseo, the adjacent shopping arcade. Bikers and skaters share the paved walkways along the waterfront, where the view from Stearns Wharf reveals 30 miles of white-sand beaches. It predated Hollywood as film capital of the world when the American Film Company opened the Flying A Studio on the corner of State and Mission Streets. For 10 points, name this resort city on California's central coast.
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Following a suggestion of Delbrück, he avoided the epistemological problems of using the term "complementarity" in his refutation of Jordan's theory of stabilizing quantum mechanical interactions. During World War II, he used the paramagnetic properties of oxygen to measure its concentration in mixtures of diverse gases. His first book dealt with the practice of spectroscopy and was co-written with Samuel Goudsmit, and nine years after Stucture of Line Spectra appeared he wrote his most important work, an "introduction to modern structural chemistry" entitled The Nature of the Chemical Bond. His theory of the function of antigens suffered from his assumption that antibodies contain the same polypeptide chains and differ from normal globulin only in configuration. FTP, name this scientist whose authorship of the Mainau Declaration and the formation of the Committee of Atomic Scientists earned him a Nobel Peace Prize to go along with his Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
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Founded in 1980 by Alex Pacheco (PAK-ay-ko) and others, it is based in Norfolk, VA. Its first big legal victory was in the 1981 Silver Springs case, and it has won court cases against universities like Wright State and Penn, as well as such firms as General Motors, Boys Town, and L'Oreal. Perhaps its most interesting victory was against a Californian who electrocuted chinchillas by clipping wires to the animals' genitals. FTP, name this organization whose annual anti-fur campaigns feature nude supermodels.
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From 1967 to 1969, he built compost heaps across Southeast Asia for the Peace Corps. He has written Greenwich Killing Time and sixteen other mystery novels with himself as the protagonist, and he smokes eight Montecristo No. 2s each day. The National Organization for Women declared this man the Male Chauvinist Pig of the Year for 1974 after he recorded the song "Get Your Biscuits in the Oven and Your Buns in the Bed," and his other efforts as the pro-choice anthem "Rapid City, South Dakota," and "They Ain't Makin' Jews Like Jesus Anymore." More recently, he pledged to reduce the speed limit to 54.95 miles per hour in his campaign against Chris Bell, Carole Strayhorn, and Rick Perry, which has adopted the slogan "Why the hell not?" FTP, name this candidate for governor of Texas and leader of the Texas Jewboys country group.
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From the Greek for "to set up" or "to dedicate", it was used in the Old Testament to signify an object set apart for sacrificial offering. St. Paul later used the word to signify a curse and forced expulsion of one from a community of Christians, and St. Cyril of Alexandria proposed twelve against the principles of Nestorius. Identify this word which has come to designate the severest form of excommunication used against heretics, or colloquially, FTP, anyone who is intensely disliked.
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Hannah Arendt claimed that this statement is the only dependably reliable truth, however, "it does not reveal anything." The Underground Man in Notes from Underground notes that this statement is "an excellent thing," but that it occurs "without my will." A "song" by Zamyatin notes that two of the entities discussed in it are "forever enamored" and "the hottest of lovers in the entire world." "Freedom is the freedom to say that" this statement is true, according to another book; Winston Smith ultimately decides that this statement is not necessarily true. For 10 points, name this mathematical equation found in We and 1984, often contrasted with a statement that the right side of the equation is actually five.
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Harry Partch's composition The Wayward is based on his time as a member of this group, and one of The Wayward's parts claims to be a "Message From" this kind of friend. Todd De Pastino has written a book about the "Citizen" kinds of these and hypothesizes that the name for this group came from a slang term for "farmhand." John Hodgman's The Areas of My Expertise includes matters pertaining to this group right after cryptozoology in its subtitle and provides a list of 700 names of people bearing this designation. In the pictorial language of this group, three hash marks represent an unsafe area, and their supposed vision of the good life is reflected in the Harry McClintock song Big Rock Candy Mountain. Often imagined as carrying bindlestiffs, FTP, name this group of homeless migratory workers best known for the fact that they get around by hopping freight trains.
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He argued that the media serve the needs of the powerful in his 1988 Massey Lectures, which were published as a book about "thought control in democratic societies." He compared colonialist genocides with contemporary treatment of Third World nations in a 1993 book subtitled "the conquest continues." In addition to Necessary Illusions and Year 501, a series of his interviews with David Barsamian have been published, including Keeping the Rabble in Line and The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many. In one of his first ventures into political writing, he attacked the Vietnam War in American Power and the New Mandarins. FTP, name this longtime professor at MIT and leftist agitator, who also did some work in linguistics.
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He collaborated with David Ames Curtis to conduct the first scholarly investigation into the life and work of author Harriet Wilson. He identified the Yoruba deity Esu as the origin of a literary device which he found in several authors, and he later argued for the inclusion of more black writers in standard courses in his Loose Canons. He parodied a Wallace Stevens title in his Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Man, and he explained a certain concept of African speech as an exchange of hyperbole for no fixed end in Figures in Black and The Signifying Monkey. For 10 points, name this Harvard-based figure in African-American studies and editor of the Encarta Africana.
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He developed a theory of corporate finance with Merton H. Miller that showed the method of a company's financing has no determining influence on the value of the firm; rather, the pair noted, value is dependent chiefly on the productivity and management of a company. He is more famous for another idea described with his colleague Richard Brumberg in 1954. Individuals attempt to attain a stable level of consumption throughout their lives by anticipating their lifetime resources, an idea became known as the life-cycle hypothesis of saving. FTP identify this man who earned a doctorate from the New School for Social Research, teaches at MIT, and won the Nobel prize for economics in 1985.
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He died in the Naples airport in 1962 of a heart attack while on his way to meet a Hollywood interested in making a filmed biography of his life. He rose to power by eliminating Giuseppe Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano, after surviving a rubout attempt on Staten Island and thereby earning his sobriquet. In 1936, he was sentenced to prison for being a pimp, but was released to Italy in 1946 for his aid to the Allied war effort. FTP name this crime leader, the man who organized organized crime.
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He directed the labor section of the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia until 1948, when he published The New Men of Power, a study of American labor leaders. He followed this with a critical account of the "new middle class" of the postwar era that was "morally defenseless as individuals and politically impotent as a group," in 1951's White Power. For 10 points, name this leftist sociologist whose best known work 1956 study of social control by the military, politicians and corporations, The Power Elite.
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He held a notable debate with Zbingnew Brzenski about the future of China-US relations entitled "Clash of the Titans", and he addresses the same topic in "China's Unpeaceful Rise". His criticism of the Iraq war can be in his Op-Ed piece "Keeping Saddam in a Box", and his support of both conventional and nuclear deterrence has lead to him calling for the US to encourage Germany and Ukraine to develop nuclear arsenals. He advocates against the dangers of "unbalanaced multipolarity" in The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, which preceded a working paper that claimed the titular group has hampered Middle Eastern peace by forcing the United States to support detrimental policies towards the Palestinians. FTP, name University of Chicago IR theorist, a proponent of offensive realism who authored the controversial The Israel Lobby with Stephen Walt.
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He memorably declares that he never loses at cards before he first sets foot in Martey's and uses the bathroom. Later he is involved in an elaborate exchange of clothes, primarily rain coats and hats, as the police try to pin him down. His eccentricities involve drinking only Evian, wearing white gloves, and carrying about an enormous ring of car keys. He keeps a bird in his room and, although he cares for his long time girlfriend and accomplice Jane, by the end of the film it is clear that he has fallen for Valerie, the piano player, who it turns out Olivier has hired him to kill. His story opens with a long take of him smoking in bed accompanied by a quote from a text invented by the director of the film in which he appears, The Book of Bushido. Played by Alain Delon, for 10 points, identify this fictional hit man with a warrior's code, the namesake of a 1967 film by Jean Pierre Melville.
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He was an all-American on the Rutgers University football team, and pursued a career in law until a white stenographer refused to take dictation from him. First visiting the Soviet Union in 1934, he was so enamored of the country he had his son educated there. Though he would later become disenchanted with the anti-semitic purges of Stalin, he defended the country in Paris in 1949, prompting a violent riot at a concert he gave in Peeskill later that year. FTP name this great African American activist and baritone, famous for singing Ol' Man River.
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He worked for Bruno Paul starting at the age of 19, and he also spent four years working in Peter Behrens' studio, but he never received any formal training in the field he is most commonly identified with. He was Director of Architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology for twenty years, and during that tenure he designed the nearby Farnsworth House, which provoked controversy, but he is better known for collaborating with Philip Johnson on the Seagram Building. FTP, name this architect, the last director of the Bauhaus School and the originator of the term "less is more."
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Henri Hubert outlined a general theory of this practice of which fifteen different varieties were identified among the Trobriand Islanders by Bronislaw Malinowski. Edward Evans-Pritchard cited as an example the falling of an Azande roof and their inability to establish a causal relationship to termites. In The Golden Bough, James Frazer conjectured that civilizations are characterized by a stage during which this is prominent before moving to religion and then science. Believed by Lucien Lévy-Bruhl to be characteristic of pre-logical thought and considered for Coral Gardens by Malinowski, this is, FTP, what is practice of invoking the supernatural?
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Herbert Spencer wrote about some Reasons for Dissenting from the Philosophy of this man, who divided history into the military aim and the industrial aim in Plan of Scientific Studies Necessary for the Reorganization of Society. His collaboration with Saint-Simon influenced his belief that the progress of societies started with animism, polytheism, and monotheism. Those divisions make up the Theological stage, which was followed by the Metaphysical stage in his three-stage model of societal development, which culminated in a purely scientific stage. For 10 points, name this author of Course of Positive Philosophy, the founder of positivism and father of sociology.
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His 1686 his map of the world showing the distribution of prevailing winds over the oceans was the first meteorological chart to be published, while his Breslau Table of Mortality was one of the first attempts to relate mortality and age in a population. Publisher of Newton's Principia Mathematica, he was the first to use isolines in cartography, but is better known as the astronomer who succeeeded John Flamsteed as Astronomer Royal and whose visit to Saint Helena in 1676 resulted in the first stellar charts made of Southern Hemisphere. FTP, name this man who first theorized that comets traveled in an ellipse, which enabled him to plot the return of a comet from 1682 that would revisit earth every seventy-six years.
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His biographical studies of Alexander Hamilton and Robert Morris were written before such works as Earth Hunger and other Essays and "The Conquest of the United States by Spain," an anti-imperialistic work published in the Yale Law Journal. His first major sociological work 1873's "The Causes of the Farmer's Discontent" was echoed by his later works arguing against social reform because it harmed the middle class or "forgotten man."His laissez faire approach to economics was expressed in What Social Classes Owe to Each Other and Protectionism, but he is most famous for his 1907 work about the instinctual origins of modern customs and morals. FTP identify this American thinker best known for The Science of Society and Folkways.
identify this French Art Nouveau architect who is best known for designing the entrances to the Paris Metro.
His first commission was the design of the interior of the Grand Neptune restaurant followed soon by the design for the Pavilion of Electricity for the Universal Exposition. He would later visit Victor Horta's Hotel Tassel and draw his inspiration from it, as well as the ideas espoused by Viollet-Le-Duc.. Following this visit, he began work on Castel Beranger, which features an asymmetric wrought iron gate. His most famous work is characterized by slender, florally inspired ironwork and delicate panes of glass. For 10 points
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His remains are buried in a Church constructed on the remains of the Coricancha, which had housed the mummies of his ancestors. Flores Galindo, a social historian active in the 1970s and 1980s, promoted the memory of this Vilcabamban as a call to restore "Andean utopianism". A cruel Viceroy, Francisco de Toledo invaded his stronghold in 1572, slaughtering the natives with firearms. This nephew of Atahualpa fled, but slowed by his pregnant wife, was arrested, marched into Cuzco "held by a chain of gold round his neck", and beheaded. FTP, the guerrillas who seized hostages at a Japanese ambassador's residence in 1996, and a legendary rapper, took the name of what last Incan ruler?
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His reputation and popularity rose after his death, as did the fame of his 1826 book The Education of Man. Beginning in Blankenburg in 1840 he established many schools based on his view that children should be allowed to develop freely without adult constraints in an atmosphere of stimulating play. FTP name the founder of the first kindergarten.
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His wife died during childbirth in 1930, which so depressed him that he allegedly drank in the dugout. He died of a stroke at age 35 in 1947, three months before the color barrier was broken. Walter Johnson's scouting report on him read, "he hits the ball a mile. Throws like a rifle. Bill Dickey isn't as good a catcher." FTP, name this "black Babe Ruth," the Negro Leagues' all-time home run king.
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If the tax rate lies to the left of T'', higher taxes would raise government revenue. If to the right, reducing taxes would harder work and ultimately increase revenue. First sketched out on a napkin, it was the graph of choice of the Reagan era. FTP, what little bit of bullshit posited an inverse relationship between taxes and revenues?
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In 1622 colonists from Jamestown reached the Anacostan Indian village of Tohoga. Whites did not settle there till 1703, but it was evidently Maryland's #1 tobacco market by the time a town was officially established in 1791. In 1871 Congress abolished its town government and placed it under the control of the District of Columbia. FTP name this trendy Washington neighborhood, setting for The Exorcist and home of the Hoyas.
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In 1855, this object won the Grand Medal of Honor at the Paris International Exposition. In the U.S., two were sold in 1841, 7, in 1842, and then 29 and 50 the two following years, eventually being produced in a Chicago factory. Described by the London Times as "a cross between an Astley Chariot, a wheelbarrow, and a flying machine," for ten points, name this invention which reduced the amount of labor needed to harvest land, created by Cyrus McCormick.
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In 1881, he and a tennis partner won the National Doubles Championship. Three years later, he became chief engineer at the Midvale Steel Company, where he introduced the concept of time study. Later as general manager of the Manufacturing Investment Company, he developed the principles of efficiency that became known as scientific management. FTP name this management reformer whose innovative design for a Y-shaped putter was banned by the USGA.
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In 1901, Jacques Jean Marie found the stele containing the Code of Hammurabi in the ruins of Susa where it had been taken by the Elamites during their plundering of the remains of the Babylonian Empire. In 1951, William Wilson's radio observations of the 21-centimeter line of hydrogen allowed for the first direct observations of the spiral arms of the galaxy. In 1907, Thomas began his study of genetic mechanisms in Drosophilia, work which would win him the Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology in 1933. FTP, give the common last name, shared by the protagonist of Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court.
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In 1949, he died in a Rio de Janeiro charity ward and left an estate of $75. His most famous enterprise revolved around the purchase of international postal reply coupons in European nations with devalued currency and their redemption in the U.S. Boasting that he could quadruple his initial investment, he promised his clients a 50% interest return in 45 days. Of course, the only way he could pay off such returns was by using the deposits of later customers, and it is for this reason that his name has become attached to any such pyramid scheme. FTP, name this Italian immigrant whose fraud cost people $10 million in 1920.
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In 1976 this gymnast won several pre-Olympic titles in North America, while often earning perfect scores for her routines. At the 1976 Olympics, she became the first gymnast to receive a perfect score from the judges, earning a 10.00 on the uneven bars. Her team won the silver medal, while she earned 3 individual gold medals. FTP name this gymnast who defected from Romania to the U.S. in 1989.
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In French it is most often found in dependent clauses introduced by que and is used in expressions of feeling. In German it can either have a one-piece construction based on the past stem, or a two-piece construction using the infinitive. In Latin it is used in indirect questions and cum clauses as well as independently where its varieties include the Potential, Horatory, and Optative. In English it is seldom used and generally marked by past tenses such as "were." FTP identify this mood which, opposed to the indicative, which expresses contingencies and possibilities rather than facts.
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In Java, the two reserved but unused keywords are const and this keyword. In C languages, its action is performed non-locally by the setjmp keyword. A 1968 letter by E. W. Dijkstra stated that this statement “should be abolished from all ‘higher level' programming languages.†The title of that article was “[this keyword] considered harmful.†Usage of this statement can lead to disorganized “spaghetti code.†For 10 points, name this programming keyword that performs an unconditional jump to a specific label or line of code and whose inverse is the rarely-used parody, the “comefrom†statement.
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In Jerzy Kosinski's Steps, one of these completely consumes itself. Radclyffe Hall's The Unlit Lamp was originally titled after one of these. In "The Man Who Loved Islands," D.H. Lawrence compares the story's setting to one, and in a story by Italo Calvino one captured by Zefferino tries to kill Signorina de Magistris. A political tract by Norman Mailer is named for "The Idol" and one, while a trained one is attacking Katje Borgesius when Tyrone Slothrop first encounters her in Gravity's Rainbow. One is described as being characterized by "relentless accuracy" and has its "claw cut by the avalanche/'with a sound like the crack of a rifle" in a poem which compares it to Mount Rainier by Marianne Moore. The proprietor of Los Muertos Ranch, Magnus Derrick, is strangled by the railroad represented by, for 10 points, what title creature of a novel by Frank Norris?
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In modern times its rise began with the publication of a treatise by Richard Ungewitter in 1906. London, Ontario and Kissimmee, Florida contain headquarters of Canadian and American associations devoted to it, while the first organized movement in the United States, the American League of Physical Culture, was established in 1929. FTP, what practice, found in archaelogical evidence since Assyrian times, advocates living without clothes?
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In Part 1 of this work entitled "This World," one comes across such interesting chapters as "Of the Universal Colour Bill" and "Of the Suppression of the Chromatic Sedition." Its second line begins "Imagine a vast sheet of paper . . .," and goes on to introduce the fantastic premise on which it is based. In it women are portrayed as straight lines and society is organized into a hierarchy with higher-sided people given greater status. However, all is turned upside down when A. Square discovers the land of three dimensions. FTP, name this geometric satire of Victorian England by Edwin Abbott, which was followed up by Sphereland.
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In Paul Verlaine's "Parisian Nocturne," this river is described "in trappings that are royal," while a Baudelaire poem sees it pouring "into chasms made of diamonds." It is described as the sister of the Mississippi in Jean Toomer's "Blue Meridian." In "The Open Window," Vera tells a story in which Mr. Nuttel is frightened by dogs on its banks, while it appears "sunken" just before the Thunder's speech in The Waste Land. The title woman is told that she would find rubies by its side in "To His Coy Mistress." FTP, name this waterway which represents Asia in Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers, a river which flows through New Delhi and empties into the Gulf of Bengal.
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In a 1944 paper, H. J. Eysenck divided theories of it into four categories: cognitive, conative, affective and instinctive. Robert Provine claims that its concomitants result solely from social interaction, while Jaak Panskepp found evidence for it in a subaudible rat noise. Alexander Bain built on Hobbes' view, saying that its characteristic degradation could involve ideas as well as people. Arthur Koestler, in The Act of Creation, argues that it results from the bisociation of a mental event and emotion, while Mary Rothbart claims that it consists of incongruity in a safe context. Freud held that it resulted from aggression and that it results from the release of tension in the subconscious. FTP, identify this human capacity, which is sometimes inspired by clowns.
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In a portion of its third section the author muses on the accidental arson committed by his temporary roommate. In the second section the author attacks the majority by asking why it "crucifies Christ, and excommunicates Copernicus." It ends by encouraging a State that respects the individual, preparing the way for an even more "perfect and glorious State" and begins with the author using the Mexican-American War to illustrate why government is inefficient. FTP, name this work in which the author claims "That government is best which governs least" and which was inspired by a night in jail, a long essay by Henry David Thoreau.
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In a recent season of this show, a man named Dennis decided his heart wasn't really in "the game" and decided to open a boxing gym, while Bunny Colvin lost a job offer from a university and his major's pension after his social experiment became public knowledge. In that season, Brother Mouzone teamed up with the man who had previously shot him to track down and murder the man who had orchestrated Mouzone's shooting. The second season of this show featured the shadowy "Greek," the idiotic Ziggy, and a bunch of prostitutes who suffocated in a freight container, while the first season introduced Stringer Bell and Avon Barksdale. FTP, name this show which recently began its fourth season on HBO, a crime drama set in Baltimore.
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In a response to criticism of this scenario, its creator laid out a difference between derived and intrinsic intentionality. The "systems reply," "combination reply," and "many mansions reply" each attempt to debunk it, whether by suggesting the existence of external system elements, or by claiming that mental processes are equivalent to computation processes while assuming that brains cause minds. Its creator used it as an argument against strong AI, and it parodies the Turing test while restating a Cartesian differentiation between thinking souls and unthinking automata. For 10 points, this is what thought experiment, put forward by John Searle, where a monolingual English speaker translates writing through the use of syntactic rules without any understanding of semantic content?
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In academics, this term can refer to funding through individual research grants, rather than a salary via an institution. A notorious bill concerning its illegality was opposed vigorously by George W. Bush in 2002, but as the bill's passage came during the midst of several corporate scandals--including Dick Cheney's ties to Enron--Bush signed the bill into law as the McCain-Feingold Campaign Finance Reform Act rather than risk a public relations disaster. FTP, identify this term that refers to dollars used to advance a campaign in a way which skirts the legal limits on how much money individuals or organizations can contribute to political campaigns.
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In addition to his more famous endeavours, this man was a skilled calligrapher who in 1540 published a concise manual on Italic lettering. He gained a mastery of mathematics and astronomy under the guidance of Gemma Frisius and learned of engraving from Gaspar a Myrica, who would become his partners in his life's work, which included a series of publications intended to describe the creation and history of the world, coining the term atlas to describe it. Using the graceful Italic lettering which became his trademark, he gained fame for constructing maps of Palestine, his native Flanders, and the world, the latter of which he presented in a double-heart shape. FTP, who was this cartographer who devised the cylindrical projection named for him?
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In an equation named for one man of this surname, a dimensionless constant, known as its namesake fraction, varies from 0.003 for pitch to 0.200 for salinity. That psycho-physical law states that the just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to its intensity. Another social scientist of this surname described the rationalization of political and economic life in the West in Economy and Society, and he railed against the Junker aristocracy in his Freiburg Address. His most famous work correlates economic success with a certain religious background. FTP give the last name shared by physiologist Ernst and sociologist Max, who authored The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
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In nuclear physics, this model of the nucleus competes with the liquid drop model and mistranslations of its name resulted in somewhat bizarre German misunderstandings of its use. The computer algorithm of this name is an extension of insertion sort with bigger initial step size. In systems design, this is the name for the interface between the user and various operating system functions and a popular one is the Bourne Again variety for UNIX. In integral calculus, this method may be preferred over that of washers for finding the volume of a solid of revolution. FTP name the term that, in biology refers to the protective encasings secreted by mollusks.
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In one game in which this character appears, he can be fought in the Platinum match. In another game in which this character appears, a triad of this man's images on the DMW causes the main character to use Octa-slash. In that game, it is revealed that this character was born under similar circumstances to Angeal and Genesis. In another medium in which this character appears, Kadaj transforms into this character. This character's father manufactured the Mako Cannon, Professor Hojo, and the orchestration most associated with him is called "One Winged Angel." For 10 points, name this summoner of Meteor and killer of Aeris, the main antagonist of Final Fantasy VII.
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In one work with this adjective in its title, Tom Moody's mistress Lorna Moon falls in love with the violinist turned prize fighter Joe Bonaparte. In addition to describing the title figure of a Clifford Odets play, this adjective appears in the title of a work in which the Jewish actress Molly Jacobs befriends the novelist Anna Wulf. Charlotte Stant continues her affair with Prince Amerigo after he marries Maggie Verver in a novel that features this adjective in its title. Pamphile's ointment turns Lucius into a ass of this type in an Appulius work. For 10 points, name this adjective which is used to describe a “notebook†in a Doris Lessing novel and a “bowl†in a Henry James novel.
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In one work, this man claimed that the "vulgar democracy" of the 1848 French Revolution was "obsolete in every respect" and urged revolutionaries to instead seek power through peaceful means. Apart from The Tactics of Social Democracy, this man also wrote a critique of Eugen Duhring that included the chapter Socialism: Utopian and Scientific. This co-author of The Holy Family spoke out against marriage in The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State and against the horrors of industry in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844. For 10 points, name this man more famous for co-authoring the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx.
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In prehistoric times, this river's delta was located in the Katawa Basin, and its namesake blind dolphin species is also known as the Bhulan. The capital of Baltistan, Skardu, lies at the confluence of the Shigar River with this body of water, which along with the Jhelum and Sarasvati formed part of the Seven Rivers of the Sindh Province. After flowing from Tibet, this river empties into the sea near Karachi after passing the ancient sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. For 10 points, name this chief river of Pakistan which was the site of one of the earliest civilizations.
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In the comic strip Red Meat, one of these is spray painted red and left in a booth at McDonalds. They are contrasted favorably with gamblers and farmers in a Cole Porter song exhorting listeners to be one of these, and the singer cries "I die each time" someone calls him "Cathy's" one in a song by the Everly Brothers. In an episode of Seinfeld Crazy Joe Davola stalks Elaine dressed as one from an opera, and a toy one notably attacks Robbie in the movie Poltergeist. Sondheim's A Little Night Music features a song asking us to send these people in. John Wayne Gacy dressed up as, FTP, what sort of person, notable examples of which include Krusty and Bozo.
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In this year, thirty-six were killed and 3500 injured in riots in Newark and Detroit in July; the USS Liberty was accidentally torpedoed by Israel, killing 34; Lyndon Johnson and Aleksei Kosygin met at Glassboro State College in New Jersey; and Adam Clayton Powell was denied his Congressional seat on charges of misusing government funds. FTP these all happened in what year, which also saw the ratification of the 25th Amendment to the US Constitution and the Green Bay Packers beat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10 in the first Super Bowl.
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Indonesians stuff it in a dish known as Cumi-Cumi Isi and Greeks also stuff it in a recipe known as gemisto. In Japanese cuisine, particularly sushi, the Loligo and Illex varieties are most often used. Though in almost all Japanese recipes it is only the body that is served and which is referred to as ika [ee-KA]. Before cooking it must be cleaned and the cellophane bone on its dorsal surface must be removed. Italians often use its ink to create more decorative pastas. FTP, name this cephalopod which most commonly appears on restaurant menus as fried calamari.
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Initial examinations revealed him to be a man of about 45-55 years of age, whose death undoubtedly was due to a three-inch stone point imbedded in his pelvis. A radiocarbon date for his 350 bone fragment remains of 8,410 years before the present was obtained before all study was halted in 1996. The destiny of his remains, however, is hotly disputed as the courts are trying to decide whether the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 apply. For 10 points, by what name is this man, found by the banks of Oregon's Columbia River known?
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Introduction of this technology has been delayed to anywhere from 2011 to 2017, depending on reclamation of unused networks. Established as a standard under RFC 1752 and originally known as Next Generation, it allows for stateless autoconfiguration of hosts using ICMP, and can be used in combination with DHCP when required. The scheme designed under this standard continues the use of prefix notiaton, using /128 to identify individual hosts, and allows for use of a double colon to replace a set of four contiguous zeroes. The need for deployment was delayed following the introduction and extensive use of both CIDR ("cider") and PAT. Exclusive communication using this protocol was allowed for the first time in February 2008, as six of the root DNS servers received quad-A records. Designed by the IETF, this is, FTP, what 128-bit network-layer protocol set to replace the current addressing scheme for the Internet?
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It began as a "modest farmhouse" redesigned by Henry Holland in 1787. Renovated repeatedly during the next decades, guests entered through the tent-shaped Octagon Room into the bamboo-decorated Long Gallery. The Music Room designed by Frederick Crace was lit with nine lotus-shaped chandeliers, and Robert Jones decorated the Banqueting Room with hidden Masonic themes and Chinese tapestries. However, the 'King's Kitchen" may be the most imaginative room in John Nash's design. For 10 points, name this summer residence on the English Channel, the favorite abode of George IV.
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It consists of a triangular rotor encased in an oval-shaped housing. The rotor's three points are flush with the housing, and the three compartments created are where fuel is injected, ignited by a spark plug, and combusted to turn the rotor, which is connected to the main drive shaft. It is useful as an alternative to traditional internal-combustion engine designs that use pistons, but it is limited by its low-fuel efficiency and high exhaust output. FTP, identify this type of engine named for its German discoverer.
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It has twelve Doric columns and its pedestal depicts allegories of the arts and sciences. Its interior sections feature narrative reliefs and it is topped by a depiction of Eirene, the goddess of peace, whose olive wreath was later replaced with a cross. Its various sculptures were created by Johann Schadow, whose son Frederick was a leading figure among the Nazarenes. Divided into five passageways, it is modeled on the Propylea and is located at the terminal of the linden tree lined boulevard on Pariser Platz. Featuring the famous quadriga of vitory, this structure would become the kernel of the "Athens on the Spree" envisioned by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, and was built under the direction of Karl Langhans from 1788 to 1791. FTP, identify this arch, located just south of the Reichstag building in Berlin.
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It is a polyamide in which all the amide groups attach to the phenyl rings opposite to each other at carbons 1 and 4, forcing it to maintain a "trans" formation, producing long, stackable fibers. Its high tensile strength, flame resistance, high chemical resistance, and high cut resistance made its inventors, Herbert Blades and Stephanie Kwolek of DuPont, unsure of what it could be used for, as it could not easily be melted down or put in solution. FTP, name this strong synthetic fiber used in sails, kayaks, firefighter gloves, run-flat tires, and bullet-proof vests.
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It is a small medal hanging from a purple ribbon in the shape of a small Maltese Cross, made of bronze taken from Russian guns captured at Sevastopol during the Crimean War. The first 62 recipients were awarded in a ceremony held in Hyde Park in 1857. The Queen stated that it should only be awarded to those who "perform acts of conspicuous courage and bravery". FTP, what is this decoration, Britain's highest award for gallantry and heroism in battle, named for the Queen that first awarded it?
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It is an annual award consisting of $25,000, financially supported by Lucent Technologies. The 1998 winner was Jim Gray, for his work on transactions. Previous winners include Douglas Engelbart, Ivan Sutherland, Niklaus Wirth, and Dennis Ritchie. FTP, what is this technical award given for contributions of lasting and major importance to the computer field, named after one of the founders of theoretical computer science?
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It is believed to be the outermost point of the ancient civilization of Dilmun. Over half of its population are foreign male workers, but it still has a strong sense of national identity due to the homogeneity of the population's ethnicity and religion. It declared its independence from Britain on June 19, 1961, the first Gulf state to terminate its agreement with that country. For 10 points name this hereditary emirate ruled by the Al Sabah family.
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It is featured prominently on the cover of Murmur, the first full-length album by R.E.M. A member of the bean family, the bacteria in the roots fix atmospheric nitrogen and thus help increase soil fertility. It is a weed, however, and wraps itself completely around a tree, choking it to death. FTP, what is this invader from the Orient which kills hogs and cows, hides snakes, and threatens humans in a James Dickey poem?
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It may have derived from an Arabic concoction that used rose petals and had a similar sounding name, though it wasn't until 1803 that it was described in print in America. Some recipes call for a bit of grated nutmeg on top, while another mixes in orange juice. Recently Early Times has come out with a pre-mixed version. Perhaps the most important step involves using a wooden mallet to crush the ice and using the ice to fill the traditional silver cup completely. Then one adds simple syrup and three ounces of a liquor such as Woodford Reserve or Maker's Mark. FTP, identify this drink, a mix of bourbon and the green fragrant leaves of its namesake plant.
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It was built by the vizier Mehmed Pasha Sokolli under the direction of Abidaga, who was removed for cruelty and corruption and replaced by Arif Beg. Salko Corkon the One-Eyed danced on its parapets while drunk, and Radisav was impaled for sabotaging its construction. Alihodja was nailed to it by the ear for opposing violent resistance to the Austrians, and after they finally destroyed it during World War I, a piece of its smooth, white stonework came through his window in the Bosnian village of Visegrad. FTP, name this title structure of an Ivo Andric novel.
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It was originally intended for local air traffic and joy flights, but in 1947, its national government purchased it. Within the year, it was flying to London, and within a decade it had flights to all continents with major passenger airports. It currently has such destinations as Harare, Vancouver, San Francisco, Tokyo, and London, as well as many other European cities, and was privatized in 1992 by the Australian government. FTP, name this airline, an acronym for Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services.
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Its ambassador challenges Lennox Lewis to a boxing match, which is cancelled after he claims to wear thick glasses. He also notes that it makes anyone beautiful and that the easiest way to stop a potential drunk driver from getting behind the wheel is to take his pants. You can purchase his friend Jimmy's mustache and a patent leather shoe on the web site of, FTP, what Jamaican beverage, whose slogan claims, "It's beer! HOORAY BEER!"
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Its film packs contain jelly-like developer-fixer reagents, negative film, and positive light-insensitive white paper. After exposure, the film is pressed against the paper by steel rolls; the reagents are spread between the film and the paper; and a positive image is formed by diffusion on the receiving sheet. FTP, name the optical system devised in 1947 by the American physicist Edwin Land, the first to create a finished black-and-white photograph in one minute.
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Its lobby ceiling is spanned by Energy, Result, Workmanship, and Transportation, a mural by Edward Turnbull that celebrates intercontinental aviation and modern construction. Liquor lockers coded with hieroglyphics reflected the Egyptian motif of its Cloud Club, and Margaret Bourke-White used her studio on its 61st floor to pose on top of one of its stainless steel eagle gargoyles. The design of its crown incorporates a radiating stack of seven parabolic curves and triangular windows, and epitomizes the art deco aesthetic. FTP, what William Van Alen-designed building reigned as both New York's and the world's tallest from its 1930 opening until the Empire State Building exceeded it the following year?
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Its most famous victim may have been William Prynne who, in 1637, was branded on both of his cheeks for seditious libel. In 1487 it was officially licensed by Parliament and was used most effectively by Cardinal Wolsey to enforce the agenda of Henry VIII. John Pym criticized its increasing use for royal revenue as fines it charged were given to the crown. Other contemporaries attacked it for supporting Archbishop Laud and it was finally dissolved by the Long Parliament in 1641. FTP identify this closed court built around privy councilors whose name is now associated with unjust judicial measures.
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Its use was especially prevalent in the kingdom of Cush, who made Meroe a cente of its production, while Roman sources report that the Gauls were also extraordinarly skilled in techniques for its use. It was apparently well-known in Rome itself from the beginning of the city, as their most ancient priest, the flamen dialis, was forbidden even to touch it, probably due to its association with bloodshed. It was first extensively employed by the Hittites, who found a way to make it more shatter-resistant by the art of tempering or quenching. For 10 points name this material whose greater strength and penetrating power soon led to weapons made of it supplanting those of bronze.
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Joanna and John meet in Hawaii. They fall in love, decide to get married, and fly back to Los Angelos to tell Joanna's parents. Christina eventually supports her daughter, but Matthew Drayton refuses to bless the marriage because Joanna is white and John is black. These events take place ñ for 10 points ñ in what acclaimed 1967 Stanley Kramer film starring Spencer Tracy, Katherine Hepburn, and Sidney Poitier?
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John Green was banned for life due to his role in escalating this event while Alvin Shackleford and Charlie Haddad were both sent to the hospital as a result of it. Prior to the climax of this event, one participant lied down on a table and pretended to give a radio interview while taunting another participant. The latter threw an armband and was the original instigator of this event. Other results from this event include a new rule limiting the size of alcoholic drinks to 24 ounces and capping the number at two. Chauncey Billups and Reggie Miller were both suspended one game for leaving the bench area during, for 10 points, what infamous NBA incident in which Ben Wallace took exception to a hard foul and fans threw beer cups at Ron Artest, who charged into the stands and started punching.
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Laidlaw's critique of this man's work involves a custom among Jain renouncers who cannot cook food and must receive it from Jain families. One of his works posited the concept of "total presentation" or "total social fact" that drives certain behavior. Levi-Strauss's introduction to a collection of this man's works claims a debt to his concepts of mana and algebraic function. This man established his country's institutes of Sociology and Ethnology, and his most influential work drew heavily on the potlatch custom and Kula exchange. FTP, name this nephew of Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist who studied various forms of reciprocity among uncivilized peoples, The Gift.
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Lassie and Imp the Dog starred in a 1911 short film by this name, which was based on a story by Mark Twain. "O Superman (For Massenet)" was the lead track on an album by Laurie Anderson which had this word in its title. In "If I Ever Lose My Faith in You," Sting claims that he has lost faith in this and progress. In another song about this, the speaker laments that he cannot find his "careful notes" and "antiquated notions" since the title figure has "tidied up," and exclaims that Miss Sakamoto is beautiful after describing "poetry in motion." FTP, name this discipline, which precedes "of Sleep" in the title of a Michel Gondry film and with which Thomas Dolby was "blinded."
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Learning his trade from the Lutheran minister Dan Call, one morning in 1905 this man forgot the combination to the safe in his office and kicked it in frustration. He broke his toe, which grew infected, leading to his death from blood poisoning in 1911. He celebrated his 21st birthday by buying the knee-length frock coat and planter's hat in which he is always depicted today. His product was the only one of its kind to win the Gold Medal at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, as one can read on the labels of this man's legacy. FTP, name this resident of Lynchburg, Tennessee, the developer of his namesake Old No. 7 sipping whiskey.
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Lithic similarities led Stanford and Bradley to propose that the culture of this name represents a migratory outpost of the Solutrean culture. A character of this name appears in a story "on the Alleged Romance of Business" in The Square Egg. The culture of this name has long been held to have crossed the Bering Land Bridge and peopled the Americas. In his Histories, Gregory of Tours heaps praise on and discusses the conversion of a man of this name, a son of Childeric I. The story "Tobermory" appears in the Chronicles of, FTP, this literary character created by Saki who shares his name with the husband of the Clotilde and founder of the Merovingian dynasty.
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Martin Wight separated this theory from rationalism and revolutionism. This theory denies the importance of the second image in analyzing conflict. Alexander Wendt criticized this theory's definition of self-help in the article "Anarchy is what states make of it," while E. H. Carr favorably contrasted this theory with "utopianism" in The Twenty Years' Crisis. John Mearsheimer supports the "offensive" type of this theory, which asserts that states seek hegemony, while its "neo" version was introduced in Theory of International Politics by Kenneth Waltz. Supported by Hans Morgenthau, it asserts that states are self-interested, rational, and amoral. For 10 points, name this school of International Relations, often contrasted with liberalism.
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Max Klinger completed a cycle "Of" this figure, while Egon Schiele's work depicts this figure hugging a woman. Moreau depicts him behind a young man and in a painting by Erhard Schon he is muscular and carries a spear in both hands. J.M.W. Turner depicted him carrying nothing in an amazingly blurry painting and the artist of The Forest of Arden featured him in a work alternately titled The Race Track. He is depicted alongside a "maiden" by Hans Baldung Grien, while in a Benjamin West painting this figure wears a gold crown and, as in the aforementioned Albert Pinkham Ryder work, rides a pale horse. FTP, name this figure whose Triumph was depicted by Breughel the Elder.
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Naked women sit on horseback in the stables and "press their firm nipples" against any young foreigners who approach in Hypatia. Because it it completely filled with dirt, Argia is different from all others. Berenice is alternately just and unjust, and is noted for its sober but tasty cuisine, which includes a superb rice and celery soup. The moerchants of seven nations gather at every solstice and equinox at Euphemia. The first to be discussed contains sixty silver domes, and is named Diomira. Accounts of them were delivered with greater success after a traveller mastered the Tartar language, and while Lalage is the one of the Emperor's dreams, his atlas also includes maps of Butua, Icaria, Oceana, and New Harmony. These are all discussed in a 1972 book in which a Venetian explorer tells Kublai Khan of his journeys. FTP, name this work in which Marco Polo describes a number of the titular places, a work by Italo Calvino.
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Name's the same. One Thomas started out as a Populist, was their 1904 candidate for president but later became Mr. KKK as a senator from Georgia. Another Thomas was the sixteenth-century poet of the sonnet collections Hecatompathia or The Passionate Centurie of Love and Tears of Fancie. A third Tom became head of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording company in 1911 and soon changed its name to International Business Machines. They all share, for 10 points, what last name with a John who was shot either in the leg or the arm in Afghanistan, depending on whether you read The Sign of Four or A Study in Scarlet?
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Near it is the Palace of Tau, which houses the Perpersack tapestries, and this building itself contains the Sainte Ampoule. It differs from a similarly-named older structure because the portals project forward as gabled porches, the tympanums above the doorways are replaced with windows, and the royal statue gallery is at the level of the third-story arcade. A Chagall window is located in its choir, and the south tower contains an 11-ton bell named Charlotte and a rose window depicting the apostles, while the north tower has a figure of Jesus and a represenation of the Last Judgement. The typical S-curve of its statuary is can be seen in such works as the Melchizedek and Abraham group and the Annunciation and Visitation depictions on its west portal. It was founded on the site where Clovis was baptised in 496 C.E. FTP, name this French Gothic cathedral, the traditional site of the coronation of French kings which is located next to the Abbey of St. Remi.
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Officially a part of the Nellis Air Force Bombing and Gunnery Range, it was first acknowledged by John Hanes, who conceded that there was an installation at Groom Lake, Nevada, but declined to elaborate. FTP, identify this top-secret Air Force Base, believed to be a center for everything from secret aircraft testing to alien autopsy.
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On the cover of the album named for this song, the singer wears black boots and a dress and has a woman's hairstyle while lounging on a blue-draped couch in front of a floor where several dozen photographs are scattered. Some of its lyrics are borrowed from William Huhes Means's poem "Antigonish." When this song was first performed on Saturday Night Live, along with "TVC 15" and "Boys Keep Swinging," its singer was wearing a plastic tuxedo and was backed up by performance artist Klaus Nomi. The original singer of this song collaborated with Lulu to produce its first hit cover, while another cover of this song was performed after a version of "Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam" and before "Pennyroyal Tea" on an acoustic album recorded at the Sony studios in New York. This song is narrated by a figure who "searched for form and land" after stating "I thought you died alone a long long time ago" to someone whom he "passed upon the stairs." For 10 points, name this song in which the narrator claims "we never lost control" after being "face to face" with the titular merchant, the title track of a 1970 David Bowie album which was notably redone by Nirvana.
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One algorithm implements these by extruding polygons from the silhouette edges of each object in the scene and then uses the stencil buffer. Another algorithm renders the scene into a texture from the perspective of the light source and then projects the resulting eponymous map into camera-space. In raytracing, these are implemented essentially for free, because you can just cast a ray from an object to a light source and see if any object is in the way. The Unreal 3 game engine will allow objects to cast these shapes on themselves. FTP, name this type of region which consists of a penumbra and an umbra.
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One character by this name is the fiancée of the recently deceased La Vela in Luigi Pirandello's Each in His Own Way, and this is the name of the Colonel's mummified wife in The Ghost Sonata. In response to Samuel Richardson's Sir Charles Grandison Henry Fielding wrote a novel about a woman with this name, which also identifies Miss Evans, the owner of Carson McCullers' "Sad Café." In an opera by Gian Carlo Menotti, a woman of this name "Goes to the Ball." FTP give this name, also belonging to a woman loved by William Dobbin and befriended by Becky Sharp in Vanity Fair.
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Powerful and mysterious to Native American peoples, Southeastern tribes saw them as a sign that a girl was menstruating for the first time or that something evil was about to happen; while walking through one was thought to confer healing powers on a medicine man. They are also seen as a conduit between this world and other-than-human spheres, and were thus used as such by the Navajo hero Whirling Logs. For 10 points, what is this natural phenomenon, the colors of which children were cautioned not to count, lest their fingers become crooked or fall off?
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One fictional resident of this city, "Cheese" Wagstaff, triggered an amusing sequence of events after publicly lamenting being forced to mercy-kill his dog. The New-Day Co-op was founded in this city, but saw its corporate ambitions stunted by the nail gun-driven activities of Snoop and Chris Partlow, who become locally suspected of raising zombies in rowhouses. Prior to adopting Wee-Bey's son Namond, Bunny Colvin segregated part of this city's populace into an area dubbed "Hamsterdam," much to the horror of comically inept Commissioner Burrell. The fabricated stories of journalist Scott Templeton complicate an equally fictional killing spree in this city's homeless community, a plot concocted to finance the investigation against Marlo Stanfield by Lester Freamon and Jimmy McNulty. Home to the Barksdale drug organization and infamous gay stick-up man Omar Little, for 10 points, name this setting of HBO's The Wire, the largest city in Maryland.
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One of these creatures from the sad, sad, world of anime is a giant with one eye who is the nemesis of Silver Fang, Akakabuto. One of these from the Achewood webcomic is Téodor Orezscu, and Gus Allegretti played one on Captain Kangaroo. In a Richard Adams novel, Kelderek purseus one of these named Shardik, and one of these from the His Dark Materials trilogy is Iorek Byrnison. Current ones in the world of football include Leon Joe, Peanut Tillman, and Justin Gage. On an episode of The Simpsons, Homer complains about paying a patrol tax concerning these animals. FTP, name these godless killing machines that are mobilized against humanity, which frequently appear on the Threatdown segment of The Colbert Report [ree-pour].
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One of these languages marks yes/no questions with the particle li. Forbidding consonant clusters resulted from the loss of the letter yer in this language group, which underwent a series of three Palatalizations. A medieval language in this group's southern branch was written in the Glagolitic alphabet and known as its "Old Church" type. These languages had a heavy influence on nearby Romanian. For 10 points, name this group of languages sometimes connected to neighboring Baltic languages like Latvian and Lithuanian, many of which are written with Cyrillic and which include Macedonian, Serbian, Czech, and Russian.
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One part of this work cites Veblen's "The Breadline and the Movies" in a discussion of the "conspiracy theory" of popular culture. The transformation of Scientific American is noted in a section on "The Reservoir of Indignation" while another section considers the question of "Adjustment or Autonomy?" This work discusses the importance of population growth in shaping the middle class, and portends a world lacking in people driven by an "internal gyroscope." FTP, name this "study of the changing American character" which differentiates between inner-directed and outer-directed personalities, a book written by Nathan Glazer, Reuel Denny, and David Resiman.
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One particularly far-fetched theory finds information about this discovery in the short story "Dayspring Mishandled." The team of Oakley, Clark, and Weiner shared credit for unmaking the truth about it, some 30 years after Raymond Dart insisted that his Taung skull was bona fide. Arthur Smith Woodward is generally thought innocent of this forgery, though his aid was enlisted by Charles Dawson, for whom this find was dubbed Eanthropus dawsoni. Actually consisting of a transported orangutan jawbone and some modern skull fragments, FTP, name this archaeological hoax discovered at the namesake village in Sussex.
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One politician from this state admitted to discarding socks during a campaign, though a now-discredited legend claimed that his nickname of "Sockless Jerry" Simpson was bestowed on him by a hostile press. An essay by William Allen White asked the titular question, "What's the Matter with" this state?. The second of four proposed constitutions for this state prompted territorial governor Robert Walker to resign in protest. In 1863, one city in this state was destroyed by raiders led by William Quantrill; earlier, John Brown had led a massacre of five pro-slavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek in this state. For 10 points, name this state which earned its nickname "Bleeding" due to the violence perpetrated by and against "border ruffians" from neighboring Missouri.
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One psychologist quantified this faculty with the exponential of the negative ratio of time and capacity strength and Henri Bergson theorized ordinary and pure variants. George Miller suggested seven plus or minus two as a magic number limit of it and Marvin Minsky discounted the possibility of the eidetic type. In literature, the taste of a petite madeline dipped in linden-flower tisane triggered experiences of it which would not be possible for suffers of Korsakoff's syndrome. FTP, name this cognitive faculty famously studied by Hermann Ebbinghaus, the nuances of which Marcel Proust explored in the work In Search of Lost Time, and which is of great utility in quizbowl.
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One song by this name appears between tracks by Robbie Williams and Deckard on the NBC soundtrack album Friends Again. Stating, "I call you back on the telephone/cause you call me all the time," that song was by Lisa Loeb. A song about this type of "love" says "we can dress it up, we can dress it down" and was recorded by Justin Timberlake, while a legendarily terrible song with this as the first word in the title said "Chinese food makes me sick" and "I like girls that wear Abercrombie and Fitch" and was released by LFO. For 10 points, name this period of time which appears in a Don Henley song stating "my love for you will still be strong" after its "boys" are gone.
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One team by this name won the National League from 1894 to 1896 with a line-up including Hughie Jennings, John McGraw, and Wee Willie Keeler, who innovated a namesake short batted ball with a high bounce. In their heyday, the modern team by this name had a rotation including Dave McNally and Mike Cuellar, who helped this team win the 1973 World Series. That team also featured Boog Powell and Brooks Robinson and was managed by Earl Weaver. The losers of the 1996 ALCS thanks in part to Jeff Maier, for 10 points, name this team whose current players include Miguel Tejada and Nick Markakis, for whom Cal Ripken, Jr., played home games in Camden Yards.
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One technique utilized in this game involves making three quick turns and is known as the Chinese triangle, while another technique is known as the magic box. Its professional competitions are organized into leagues such as the OSL, the MSL, and the Winner's League, the latter of which include teams such as STX Soul and Air Force ACE. Its matches are played in locations such as Carthage and Troy, while its notable players include Greg Fields and Lee Sung Eun, who is known for his crotch-grabbing and hip thrusting victory dances. This game's equivalent of Michael Jordan is perhaps Lim Yo Hwan, who is better known by his moniker Boxer. For 10 points, name this strategy game, possibly Korea's national sport, which features hero units such as Jim Raynor and allows players to choose between Protoss, Zerg, and Terran as their race.
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One variety of these entities was elucidated by R. L. Gregory and P. Heard, who expanded on Hugo Munsterberg's work with his namesake type of these, and Pierce attributed the effects of one to a “boring in†theory later expounded on by Fraser, who compared these to the “twisted cord,†or Zollner types. An apparent angular distortion model was developed by Wagner, who described the effects of the canonical Jastrow and Poggendorf types, one of which features two adjacent arcs and the other which features a line drawn through a rectangle. Including examples like the Necker cube and Wittgenstein's duckrabbit, these are, for 10 points, what visual images which either distort a viewer's perception of them or offer multiple possibilities for their visual perception?
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One work about this concept considered a quote from Longfellow's “The Builders†and an anecdote in which Fania Pascal was told that she didn't “know what a dog that has been run over feels like†as examples of Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophical opposition to it. In a 2005 interview on The Daily Show, the author of that work claimed that the desire to “produce an impression†is what distinguishes this concept from spin. That work also distinguishes this concept from Max Black's concept of “humbug†and notes that while liars specifically seek to avoid the truth, practitioners of this do not care about the truth at all. For 10 points, identify this subject of a Harry Frankfurt essay that also titles a Showtime show hosted by Penn & Teller, and can be abbreviated “B.S.â€
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Originally called Lexiko, it was designed by unemployed architect Alfred Butts. Later renamed to Criss Cross Words, it was sold and trademarked to James Brunot, who converted an abandoned schoolhouse in Connecticut into a factory that created it. One key aspect of the game lay in Alfred Butts' cryptographic analysis of the New York Times to determine the frequency of each letter in the English alphabet. FTP, what is this popular word game believed to be found in one out of every three American homes?
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Originally, they were farmers who left home in search of employment, with many ending up in the military. Today, the term refers to students who have failed their college or high school entrance examinations and are spending a year or two studying for the next round. FTP, what is this term, from the Japanese for "person cast on the waves", that refers to warriors without a master, that shares its name with a 1998 John Frankenheimer action film starring Robert DeNiro?
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PCX and TTA are, but AAC isn't, although Apple does support one of them. PNG is, and GIF should be, but because of dithering, in practice it usually isn't. Its performance is limited by the Shannon entropy of the original source, which cannot be reduced by applying this method. When the target is a text file, the Burrows-Wheeler method may be used, as, for example, in bzip2, while for audio targets WavPack or FLAC can be used. MP3s do not use it, and it can be achieved by the LZW algorithm and Huffman coding, but not by the discrete cosine transform, which is used to make JPEG images. For ten points, what is this type of encoding that is fully reversible, ensuring that all of the original data can be recovered?
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Parks in this city include one called Riverside Promenade which offers a view of a section of the city called the Bund that contains numerous buildings built by the British and French. This city's Century Park is its largest, located in Pudong, and other attractions include the Jade Buddha Temple which contains the Hall of the Kings of Heaven. A tea house is located in the center of a lake in this city located near the Yu Garden. This city is located just south of Hengsha Island and east of Lake Tai, the source of the Huangpu River which bisects this city, but more notable is this city's location on the delta of the Yangtze. For 10 points, name this Chinese port city located east of Nanjing on the East China Sea.
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Part two, entitled Other Worlds, is set on the second to last day of the 1999th year of our era, and concerns the visions of the narrator. Subtitled "A Romance of Many Dimensions", this Victorian work includes such characters as women represented by small straight lines and priests represented by circles. FTP, name this science fiction precursor narrated by A. Square and written by Edwin Abbott.
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Patrons included Sir Fitzwilliam Barrington and the Duke of Rutland. John Galt's The Member traces their exploitation by the title character, while Tom Paine's The Rights of Man complains about Sarum, which contained "no more than three houses." Dunwich, which had essentially fallen into the sea, voted in Lord Huntingfield. They were used as a rallying point for the passage of the 1832 Reform Act. FTP identify the name for these depopulated election districts which were essentially bought up to insure parliamentary representation for moneyed aristocrats.
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Peter Smith and Tony Brueckner's namesake articles about this concept criticized the "disquotation" used to refute its possibility by the writer who compared it to a Martian seeing a painting that accidentally resembles a tree. By use of the "causal constraint" which says that a term can only refer to an object if there is an actual connection between the term and the object, a philosopher put forth the "semantic externalism" argument against the possibility of this scenario in 1981's Reason, Truth, and History. Ted Warfield's refutation of this idea relies on another thought experiment put forth by its creator, the Twin Earth argument. For 10 points, name this scenario analyzed by Hilary Putnam, which involves an evil genius creating false experiences by electrical stimulation of a disembodied cortex.
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Plato argues that it "frustrates the decree of destiny" in his Laws while Aristotle stated that it was "contrary to the rule of life" in his Nicomachean Ethics. In The City of God, Augustine considers the act a violation of the Sixth Commandment. Hume published an essay in which he asserted that the act does not violate God's plan, while Kant argues that it "degrades our inner worth below that of animals." FTP, name this act that in a titular 1897 work is divided into four types-Egoistic, Altruistic, Fatalistic and Anomic-by Emile Durkheim.
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She went to high school with Saturday Night Live's Phil Hartman, who described her as "very sweet --- and very shy." Star of a children's dance troupe, she appeared on the Lawrence Welk Show and twice danced at the White House. Emotional abuse at the hands of her father may have influenced her decision to join a dysfunctional commune at the Spahn Ranch. Her most famous deed occurred in Sacramento, however, on September 4, 1975 when she attempted to assassinate the president. FTP, name this Manson family member now serving a life sentence in a Florida penitentiary.
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Sohrab Modi starred as the title character in a 1935 Indian version of it called Khoon-ka Khoon, which added seventeen songs to the work. A special jury prize at the 1964 Venice Film Festival went to a version of it in which Innokenty Smoktunovsky played the title character. That version was directed by Grigory Kozintsev, and was based on a translation of this work by Boris Pasternak. A Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode featured a re-enactment of a famous scene from this work as a game show in which participants had to identify the femur of Biz Markie; that episode watched a German version of this work that starred Maximilian Schell. Georges Méliès played the title character in a 1907 adaptation of this work which reduced it to ten minutes in length. Julie Christie played the title character's mother in a 1996 film of it, and a 2000 adaptation of it by Michael Almereyda is set in New York City and features the title character as a film student played by Ethan Hawke, who investigates goings-on at the Denmark Corporation. For 10 points, name this play which has also seen Kenneth Branagh and Laurence Olivier star in the title role of a melancholy denizen of Elsinore.
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Some of the slang terms for them include "blind pig" and the Southern phrase "blind tiger" which were used after they became popular sites to exhibit animal curiosities. Though often regarded as retail outlets, they also specialized in home deliveries, and in large cities, they sometimes sold food and offered live bands and floor shows. The business of running them was lucrative, and despite the government's tendency to raid them, owners managed to bribe officials away. FTP, identify these establishments named for the way in which one would whisper through a small barred window to gain access to alcoholic beverages during Prohibition.
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Some of this man's odder scientific articles include "Arithmetic by Smell" and "Gregariousness in Cattle and in Men." As a medical student, he intended to work through the pharmacopoeia from A to Z, but stopped at the letter C after taking castor oil. The inventor of the silent dog whistle, at the 1884 International Health Exhibition, he collected physical data on a large number of people, from which he determined that every person's fingerprints are unique. The discoverer of anticyclones and author of Hereditary Genius, FTP, name this cousin of Charles Darwin who coined the term "eugenics."
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Some zealously gender-neutral writers now use this three-letter word as a third-person singular nominative. In its language of origin, German, it is a specifically feminine third-person singular nominative when lower case, but capitalized it is the polite formal version of the second person. For 10 points, what word is pronounced the way that Americans pronounce the last letter of the Roman alphabet?
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St. Hilarion was accused of being a magician after blessing these items in Gaza for a man named Italicus. It is the traditional item depicted on ema, plaques on which Shinto worshippers inscribe wishes or prayers, and Zoroaster converted King Vishtasp and his family by curing a black one. In the Ashvamedra sacrifice, the sacrificer's chief wife simulates copulation with the corpse of this creature. One named Burak accompanied Gabriel to Mount Sinai, and the female protagonist of the Song of Songs is compared to one of these animals belonging to the Pharaoh. For 10 points, name this animal, a pale one of which is ridden by Death.
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Stanley Newman claimed that these entities do not exist in the Nuxálk language. In Middle Chinese, one of them ending in [p], [t] or [k] was known as an entering tone. A “heavy†one of these is said to consist of two morae, while a “light†one consists of a single mora. They consist of an optional onset and coda surrounding an obligatory nucleus, which is usually a vowel. The shift from pictographic writing systems to systems based on these units is said to have occurred in Sumer with the development of cuneiform. For 10 points, name these prosodic structures which make up words.
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The 13th chapter of this work claims that the first part of Henry VI was written by a Catholic who may not have been Shakespeare, and includes a long discussion of the poetry of Gaultier de Coincy. The preface announces that the book was written for "nieces" of the narrator, and imagines a summer vacation which begins at Madame Poulard's famous hotel. The penultimate chapter deals with such "mystics" as John of Salisbury and Adam of Saint Victor, and is followed by a chapter on Thomas Aquinas, while earlier chapters consider the Song of Roland and the "court of the queen of Heaven" found in one of the titular locations. The first titular location is home to an abbey church dedicated to an archangel, while the other is a cathedral sacred to the Virgin Mary. FTP, name this book which was privately published in 1904, a "study in 13th century unity" written by Henry Adams.
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The Canadian rock band by this name has released such albums as Take A Deep Breath, Young Wild and Free, and Love Machine and had a 1986 Top Ten single with "Can't Wait For the Night." The song by this name is the first track on Queen's Sheer Heart Attack. The novel by this name concerns Fred Hale, who returns to town to hand out cards for a newspaper competition and is murdered by the teenage gang member Pinkie Brown, who abuses the title substance. The novel was adapted into a 1947 film starring Richard Attenborough; this was released in the US as Young Scarface. FTP, identify the shared name of, most notably, a novel by Graham Greene.
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The Chowla-Selberg formula uses an infinite series of K-Bessel functions to express the zeta function of this name. A literary theorist with this surname wrote Cries in the New Wilderness and Russian Postmodernism, while a sculptor with this surname created the tomb of Oscar Wilde and The Rock Drill. A first baseman with this surname was nicknamed "Superjew," and a still more famous person with this surname replaced Allan Williams before introducing a noted band to George Martin. Another person with this surname replaced Mike Port and hired sabermetricians like Voros McCracken and Bill James, while signing J. D. Drew and Daisuke Matsuzaka this offseason. FTP, give this surname shared by Beatles manager Brian and Red Sox GM Theo.
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The Viennese ambassador to Turkey, Ogier de Busbecq, sent the first ones to Europe in 1551, with a shipment arriving in Antwerp in 1562. At the height of the following craze, in 1635, one of these of the Brasserie variety would have a bought a flourishing French brewery. FTP, the Tupenwoede, which crashed in 1637, ruining the Dutch economy, was a speculative frenzy over what type of flower?
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The common-law conception of this legal term is analogous to the French delict or quasi-delict. Dignitary and economic ones include alienation of affections, conspiracy, and abuse of process; property ones include detinue, replevin, trover, and conversion. Defenses to intentional ones include consent and necessity; they may also be crimes as in the case of assault, battery, wrongful death, and fraud, while libel and slander used to be crimes but are now only these. Responsible for the brunt of civil litigation, FTP, name this legal concept, an intentional or accidental wrong or wrongful act by which injury occurs to another, from the Latin for twisted.
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The first and last names are the same. The younger was Russian-born, but came to the US and studied art in New York before returning to Paris to study under Matisse. A leader of the Abstract Expressionists, his paintings include Three Literary Gentlemen, Latest News, and Chinese Restaurant. The elder taught law and political economy in Germany before accepting the chair at Vienna of the discipline of which he is considered a founder. For 10 points, who are these men, the elder of whom wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?
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The full name's the same. One was an inventor and artillery officer whose rockets were based on those used by Hyder Ali against the British at Seringapatam. Used to bombard Boulogne, Copenhagen, and Danzig during the Napoleonic Wars, his "rocket's red glare" at Fort McHenry inspired Key. The other was a lifelong friend of Swift who shaped the English comedy of manners with such plays as The Judgment of Paris and The Double-Dealer. FTP, what is the common name of these men, the latter of whom wrote The Way of the World?
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The last name is the same: William was the Secretary of the Navy under Cleveland under whom the USS Maine was built; Hassler was an American mathematician who, by proving his eponymous embedding theorem in 1936, initiated the study of the field of differential topology; and Josiah was an explorer for whom a 14,494 foot mountain is named. FTP, give this name also shared by the man who in 1794 secured a patent for the cotton gin.
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The name appears in 17th century paintings by Guercino and Poussin. Inhabitants of the region retained enough backward customs that they were the most backward of the Greeks, yet Virgil claimed that this was a place of happiness and simplicity. For 10 points, what name did Sir Philip Sidney use for a pastoral romance?
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The name applies to four genera and 25 species, each of which can be anywhere from three to 16 feet long, with bony scales, tapered head, and a mouth on the underside. The largest is a 16-foot, two-ton creature found in the Caspian Sea and commonly known as beluga. For ten points, name this type of fish, whose eggs are served as caviar.
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The name's the same. It is the pseudonym of Elyesa Banza, one of the most famous spies of World War II, who worked for Nazi Germany. It is also a western suburb of Cook County, first settled in 1830s and named for its New York counterpart. Morton College was founded there in 1902, and in the 1920s, Al Capone used this city as the headquarters of his speakeasies. It also identifies the Roman author of the epic poems On His Consulship and On His Life and Times. FTP, what is this shared name that identifies the Roman with an English byname of Tully, a famous orator and political enemy of Octavian?
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The name's the same. One is the surname of the stockbroker's son who marries Isabel Bradley and is the best friend of Larry Darrell in Somerset Maugham's The Razor's Edge. Another is the surname of the Irish author of the dramas Manuel and Fredolfo. Yet another is the surname of the ship's surgeon and sidekick to Jack Aubrey in a series of novels by Patrick O'Brian. FTP, give this surname that identifies the great-uncle of Oscar Wilde and author of the so-called last Gothic novel, Melmoth the Wanderer.
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The name's the same: in Nella Larsen's novel Quicksand, it is the name of the black school where Helga Crane begins her teaching career. In Greek mythology, it is the largest of the Cyclades islands, noted for being a center of worship for Dionysus. It is also where Dionysus found his wife, after she had been abandoned there by Theseus. FTP, give this name, the home of Ariadne in a one-act opera by Richard (REE-kard) Strauss, perhaps intended by Larsen as an ironic anagram of "Saxon."
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The narrator of this work is forced to memorize the 330 sermons of the preacher Mr. H, and admires his classmate G- for defending Grotius' adaptation of a legend about Muhammad's dove. Its first section ends with Lord Desert satisfying the conditions of Jewish moneylenders while the narrator desperately searches the streets of London for the child prostitute Ann. Later appended with the short essay "The Daughter of Lebanon," this work recounts a recurring dream of being chased by a hideous crocodile through Chinese houses in a section titled "the pains of" the title substance. Published in 1822, it describes the author's experiences with the title substance, which he takes as an anodyne for his terrible stomach pains. FTP, name this book by Thomas De Quincey about his addiction to the title drug.
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The one in Utah is at the northern terminus of US Highway 666. The one in Arkansas is about halfway between Little Rock and Monroe, LA. The one in Kentucky is about halfway between Lexington and Chattanooga, TN, and just south of Lake Cumberland. The one in Illinois is just west of the Urbana-Champaign area, and the one in Indiana is too small to mention. FTP identify the name shared by these various cities, derived from French for "small mountain", also shared by the object on the back of the American nickel.
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The original idea was exhibited by Whitcomb Judson at the World's Columbian Expo of 1893. Gideon Sundback, a Swedish engineer located in the U.S., substituted spring clips for hooks and eyes, and in 1912 produced his Hookless version #2. FTP, such was the development of what alphabetically hindered device named by B.F. Goodrich in 1923, which now is related to squirrel anatomy.
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The people of Lamuella believe this character was sent by the Almighty Bob when he becomes the Sandwich Maker. At the Cathedral of Hate, he is attacked by Agrajag, a being whom he has accidentally killed in the form of a fly, a rabbit, and a falling bowl of petunias. This character's Babel fish allows him to understand Vogon poetry, and he journeys to Magrathea where he meets the fjord creator Slartibartfast. This character is rescued by The Heart of Gold along with Ford Prefect, and eventually learns that the answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything is 42. For 10 points, name this protagonist of Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series.
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The player of this game can trade an egg for Cojiro, beginning a series of trades culminating in Biggoron's Sword. The protagonist of this game goes to Goron City before ascending Death Mountain. After defeating Volvagia, the player gets the Fire Medallion. The player's mother dies before the action of this game, leaving him under the care of the Great Deku Tree. This game's predecessor for the Game Boy started in Mabe Village and was named after its protagonist's Awakening. It is set in Hyrule and was followed by Majora's Mask. For 10 points, name this game in the Legend of Zelda series for the N64 which features a namesake instrument.
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The reliance on official government statistics to study it has been successfully attacked by J.B. Douglas, especially in his 1976 work that analyzes its "social meaning". In its most famous treatment, it was concluded that incidences of it are highest in areas of social disintegration. That same analysis divided it into four types, two of which, egoistic and altruistic, have a common source in strong personal value-systems, in contrast to the other two types, fatalistic and anomic. FTP, such describes Emile Durkheim's attempts to analyze what act in which a person brings about his or her own death?
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The site that this building currently occupies was once the office of Sun Yat-Sen's Young China newspaper. Its exterior color is due to a coat of cast quartz applied to the building. Conceived by John R. Beckett after viewing trees in a public park, it was designed by the William Pereira firm which wanted to make it taller but were not allowed to break the line of sight between Nob Hill and the nearby bay. From the twenty-ninth floor to the top, elevators and a smoke tower are supported by the prominent "wings" and, until the construction of the Aon Center, it was the tallest building west of the Mississippi. FTP, name this building found in the Montgomery Financial District of San Francisco; the oddly shaped former headquarters of an American financial concern.
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The subject of the poem "Lifting Belly," she published a namesake cookbook which mixed anecdotes with recipes for such dishes as Artichokes Stravinsky, Gigot de la Clinique, and hashish brownies. She went on to write a collection of letters called Staying on Alone and a second memoir describing Paris called What Is Remembered, but she remains best known for being featured in a 1933 memoir not written by her, but by an expatriate companion. FTP, name this secretary of Gertrude Stein, fictionalized as the narrator of a misleadingly titled "autobiography."
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The term is derived from the Latin for stake, and the among the more famous regions given the name were the Cherta Oselosti, a region in the Russian empire in what is now Poland where Jews were allowed to settle which became the site of frequent pogroms after the death of Alexander the II. Another was established in Ireland following the expedition of Henry II which included the counties of Dublin, Louth, Meath, and Kildare as a place where English law was in force, and from the fact that brigands often lay beyond it we obtained modern our expression. FTP name these settlements, districts separated from the surrounding country by defined boundaries or distinguished by a different administrative and legal system.
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The term may be Egyptian and derive from the word meaning "dust", indicative of the low status of those who were called by it, or from a word meaning "moving on", suggesting that it applied to nomads. In either case it was regularly used as a pejorative term and at first those who were identified by it never used it to describe themselves, although it is used to describe Abraham in Genesis 14:13 and seems to become more accepted and widely used throughout the rest of the Bible. For 10 points identify this noun, the name of a book of the "New Testament" still sometimes used to describe Israelites and most commonly employed to describe the language they speak.
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The term “shoe leather cost†refers to the cost of trying to counterbalance this phenomenon. The Mundell-Tobin effect arises as a result of it. Keynesians have argued that it can causes labor markets to reach equilibrium faster. Andrew Jackson's Specie Circular was implemented in order to mitigate it. It has notably affected the Hungarian pengo, the Weimar mark, and, most recently, the Zimbabwean dollar. For 10 points, name this phenomenon which occurs when the money supply increases faster than the rate of economic growth.
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The third of them discusses the Symbolic Snake, which made its first appearance in 429 BC. The last of them discusses the qualities of an ideal ruler, who must not be at the mercy of his passions. This work derives from a book published under the pseudonym of John Retcliffe, which itself derived from a book about Montesquieu and Machiavelli by Maurice Joly. The former book, Biarritz, was written by a postal clerk and spy named Hermann Goedsche, who plagiarized extensively from Dumas's Joseph Balsamo. A popular early edition of it was published by George Butmi, while Professor Sergei Nilus called attention to it under the name "Chapter 18" and claimed that it had been written in Basel. Lucien Wolf exposed it in 1921, a year after a huge printing of it was sponsored by Henry Ford. FTP, name this document which purports to document a plot to destroy Christian civilization and bring about a Jewish world state.
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The work is dedicated "to Albert Schweitzer, who said 'Man has lost the capacity to foresee and forestall.'" The central metaphor is that of "a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings...Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change." It goes on to discuss the "age of resistance" that we are now in and uses the metaphor of a chemical treadmill that can not be stopped. The main culprits are shown to be aminotriazoles, carbamates, and DDT. FTP, name this seminal work of environmentalism written by Rachel Carson.
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This action is the topic of Alfred Alvarez's The Savage God. Edwin Schneidman has developed ten common characteristics of it, and Karl Menninger developed the concept of a "chronic" variety. In the most famous work on this subject the author doesn't define it in terms of intentionality but instead his definition hinges on the executor knowing the result of the action. He also related it to social integration and proposed three types-egoistic, altruistic, and anomic. FTP, identify this title action of an 1897 Emile Durkheim work, the act of killing oneself.
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This activity on one episode of Sports Night ends after Natalie refuses to trust Jeremy and has to win back his affection by promising to wear only his tuxedo shirt to bed. One song about this activity notes that "Russian Roulette is not the same without a gun." In a film, Vesper Lynd has to supply the resources needed to defeat Le Chiffre at this activity, where she falls for James Bond. A series of C.M. Coolidge paintings depicts dogs playing this game. For 10 points, identify this card game played in the movie version of Casino Royale and mentioned in a Lady Gaga song about a facial expression, which comes in stud and Texas Hold 'em varieties.
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This area was originally known as Mukuntuweap National Monument, but was enlarged to 230 miles in area and made a national park. 1,500 fott high walls can be found in its fingerlike Koblob Canyons, but its main attraction is a canyon cut by the Virgin River. FTP name this national park that is home to Sentinel Mountain, East Temple Mountain, and West Temple Mountain, located in southwestern Utah.
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This area was the namesake of a 1997 poetry collection interspersing tales from the Odyssey and a failed marriage, by Louise Gluck. Planning in this area, whose natural features include William DeKorte Park and Berry's Creek, is handled by a commission founded in 1969 primarily in response to unregulated landfills in this region which features land reclaimed by the Mosquito Control Commission. The remains of Pennsylvania Station were dumped here in 1963, an act which prompted the first historic preservation measures in New York City. Found along the lower reaches of the Hackensack River just north of Newark Bay, for 10 points, name this estuarine wetlands and possible final resting place of Jimmy Hoffa in northeastern New Jersey, also the home of a sports complex containing the Big M and Giants Stadium.Â
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This author wrote about a group of fern enthusiasts visiting the titular Mexican province in his Oaxaca Journal, and he wrote about a man who paints incredibly accurate depictions of his hometown of Pontito in "The Landscape of His Dreams," found in a collection subtitled "Seven Paradoxical Tales." Harold Pinter's play A Kind of Alaska was inspired in part by one of this author's works focusing on a group of survivors of a sleeping sickness epidemic of the 1920's. In addition to An Anthropologist on Mars and Awakenings, he wrote a collection whose title essay focuses on a musician whose severe visual agnosia causes him to confuse his spouse with an item of clothing. For 10 points, name this neurologist who wrote The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat.
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This brewery has gone straight down the tubes since its 1844 founding by Jacob Best. Internally developed beers like Lone Star and Ranier are among its more drinkable beverages. The same cannot be said for its other acquisitions: a buyout of Stroh's that gave it the rights to the dubious Schlitz franchise and other purchases like Old Style, Schaefer, St. Ides, and the classic hangover-inducer, Colt 45. FTP, what business continues to churn out undrinkable booze like its flagship Old Milwaukee product and its namesake "Blue Ribbon"?
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This city's architectural oddities include a three story triangular parking garage built on a hill that is nicknamed "The Sinking Ship". This city features a 21 story construction topped with a 21 story tower that is capped with a gothic pyramid. This home of the Smith Tower finished a library with an exterior composed entirely of glass and steel designed by Rem Koolhas. It is home to a building that was partially inspired by the image of smashed guitars and includes the Science Fiction Museum. This location of Frank Gehry's Experience Music Project hosted the Century 21 exposition for which it constructed a tower with a rotating restaurant at its top. For 10 points, name this west coast city, the location of the Space Needle.
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This location is where the lady in a Henrik Ibsen play is from, and it is where the "Gift" comes from in the title of Anne Morrow Lindbergh's most famous book. In a children's book by Avi, the main character goes "Beyond" one of them, and it's the adjective describing a "Wolf" in a Jack London novel. FTP, what place matches wits with Santiago, the old man, in an Ernest Hemingway short story?
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This company is the only major American corporation with a "Manager of Non-Traditional Marketing" and is currently led by two former Rally's executives. Like its leading competitor, this chain was founded in Denver in the mid-1990s. In 2006, the opening of one of these restaurants in the White City Shopping Center of Shrewsbury, Massachussetts, led to a court case in which Panera Bread sued over an exclusivity agreement. The resultant ruling held that a burrito is not a sandwich. Currently owned by Jack in the Box, this company rolled out the "Ancho Chile burrito" in 2007 to go with other menu items such as the mango salad and Fajita Ranchera burrito. For 10 points, name this vendor which offers poblano pesto and "fiery habañero" salsa on its products as it competes with Chipotle.
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This concept forms part of the title of a series of works, along with the word "technics", on the historical repression of technical skill within philosophy, written by Bernard Stiegler. "The end" of this concept was the title of a work by Julian Barbour, while the inherent contradiction of the "A Series" argument is cited as proof of "the unreality" of this concept in a work by the idealist J.M.E. McTaggart. The experience of this by the consciousness was defined as a qualitative multiplicity known as "duration", which first appears in a work named for this concept "and free will" by Henri Bergson. For 10 points, what is this concept which completes the title of a work on "dasein", the most famous of Martin Heidegger, and which is often associated with space?
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This concept is paired with "reform" in a collection of essays by Frank Knight, while a "new analysis" of it was proposed by Maurice Cranston. It is described as being "within reason" in the title of a book by Susan Wolf, while it is paired with "reason" in a book which advances the "universal prescriptivism" of its author, R. M. Hare. In a book which includes a chapter on "Totalitarian Economics and Democracy," John Dewey discussed this concept in the context of "culture." This is said to be the "first condition of action" in Being and Nothingness, while for Sartre "bad faith" is the denial of the fact that one has it. FTP, identify this concept, four versions of which were notably identified in a 1941 State of the Union address by Franklin Roosevelt.
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This country disputed a border on the Chobe River with its western neighbor until a 1999 ruling from the International Court of Justice favored this country. This country was formed from eight states dominated by the namesake ethnic group, and their populations received the status of "tribe" from the British. Other ethnic groups in this country include the Khalagari, Tswapong, Birwa, and Kalanga. In addition to the Chobe River, it is bordered by the Molopo River to the south and the Limpopo River to the east, and almost all of this country lies within the Kalahari Desert. Bordered by Namibia to the west and north, Zambia and Zimbabwe to the north and east, and South Africa to the south is, for 10 points, this southern African country, formerly known as Bechuanaland, with capital at Gaborone.
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This country includes the Adygei Region as well as the Karachaevo-Cherkess Republic, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, North Ossetian Republic, Checheno-Ingush Republic, Daghestan Republic, Mordovian Republic, Chuvash Republic, Mari Republic, Tatar Republic, and the Udmurt Republic. FTP name this country which in land area is by far the largest in the world.
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This empire's political system vests a good deal of power in the Continuing Committee, and in one incident this empire kidnapped the Aenar Gareb to control a telepresence unit. This empire entered a period of isolation following the Tomed incident, and later signed the Treaty of Algeron. It lost the Battle of Charon in 2161, and in another instance their leader Shinzon attempted to destroy the earth using Thalaron radiation. Their secret police are known as the Tal Shiar, and they eventually allied with the other Alpha Quadrant powers against the Dominion. Often employing battleships called "Warbirds", FTP, name this race related to the Vulcans, an enemy of the United Federation of Planets on Star Trek.
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This figure is paired with J. L. Austin in a book about the "scandal of the speaking body" by Shoshana Felman. He is said to be "free from the lie that his despotism would be the freedom of others" in an essay from Moments musicaux by Theodor Adorno. He is paired with Socrates in a chapter on "The Two Ironies" in The Modern Theme by Ortega y Gasset. One essay contrasts the saint, who "tends towards quality," with this man, who "realizes in action an ethic of quantity." Another work declares this man's love to be "totally faithless" in a section on "The Immediate Erotic Stages." FTP, name this man who appears as the first illustration of "The Absurd Man" in Camus's "The Myth of Sisyphus" and in Kierkegaard's Either/Or as the ultimate seducer, who is also the subject of a Mozart opera and a Byron epic poem.
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This former chairman of the Banobras campaigned on a promise to implement life prison sentences for kidnapping. He defeated Santiago Creel in the primary and went on to a debate, where he denied allegations that, as the Secretary of Energy, he gave contracts to the Hildebrando Company which his brother-in-law founded. He met his wife, Margarita Zavala, after succeeding his father as chairman of the National Action Party, and the Federal Election Tribunal eventually certified his victory in the general contest, allowing him to succeed Vicente Fox. FTP, identify this man elected to a six year term over Andres López Obrador in 2006, the new president of Mexico.
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This game contains the cheat code “Enablellamas,†which simply returns the phrase “Llamas Enabled.†Ambrosia can only be made by combining a Life Fruit with a Death Fish, which can only be caught at the Pleasant Rest Graveyard in Sunset Valley. An early ad for this game featured Sarah Palin fighting with Joe Biden. Fishing, collecting and gardening are new skills in this game, and its leak two weeks before its sale caused its developers to create the free downloadable town of Riverdale. It allows the diagonal placement of furniture, and was the first game in its series not developed by Will Wright and Maxis. For 10 points, name this 2009 people simulation.
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This is the title of a 1932 novel set in Rosendaal Castle and written by Charles Morgan. A "study in the language of symbolism" written by Philip Wheelwright refers to a "burning" one of these. One of these objects appears in the title of a 1957 novel by Rebecca West about the childhood of Rose Aubrey. It is the title of a 1923 Eugene O'Neill play about a conquistador, while Tomas and Isabella are central characters in a recent movie of this name. FTP, identify this object which names a 2006 film starring Rachel Weisz and Hugh Jackman, the most recent effort of Darren Aronofsky.
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This man argued that labor leaders are appeased by "bread and butter" policies, and thus work with business leaders in his The New Men of Power. One of his works was based on conversations he had with Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, while another attempted to reform his discipline to be more social and personal. This author of Listen Yankee and The Sociological Imagination discussed the "salesmanship mentality" that causes alienation in a work about "The American Middle Classes," and he detailed the relationships between the military, corporate leaders, and politicians in another. For 10 points, name this American sociologist who wrote White Collar and The Power Elite.
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This man briefly trained as a wide receiver with the Cleveland Browns before joining the organization with which he is most often associated. An injury to this player during the conference finals against the Knicks contributed to his team being eliminated in 7 games. He scored an almost-winner in the second overtime of Game 5 of the 1976 NBA Finals, which his team would go on to win, and during the second half of his career, he was supported by such players as JoJo White and Don Chaney. He holds his team's record for scoring at 26,395, which is also the 11th highest in the NBA, but perhaps the most famous instant in this man's career was in the waning seconds of a Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals, when he stole an inbounds pass by Hal Greer intended for Sam Jones. Nicknamed "Hondo," for ten points, identify this man, a guard who won eight NBA titles in 16 seasons with the Boston Celtics.
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This man founded the first laboratory of aerodynamics at Auteuil in 1912. His first notable achievement was his 1858 iron bridge over the Garonne, and he went on to specialize in metal construction, building the Garabit viaduct, the moveable dome of the Nice Observatory, and the framework for Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty. FTP, who was this "magician of iron", best known for the Paris tower which bears his name?
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This man lost to Alex Corretja in the 1998 Masters Cup despite being up three match points. This man was first discovered by pediatrician Peter Fischer, who was also his first pro coach. In a 2007 match in Macao, he subbed out for a ball boy after being aced three times in a row by Roger Federer, though this man went on to beat Federer in that third match of an Asian exhibition series. This player won the last ATP match of his career at the 2002 US Open, defeating Agassi in four sets to win the title, giving him his 14th Grand Slam, a singles record he would hold until Federer's 2009 win at Wimbledon. For 10 points, name this now-retired tennis player nicknamed “Pistol Peteâ€.
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This man was played by Jonny Sweet in a documentary that examined his membership in the Bullingdon Club with Boris Johnson. He left his party for several years in the 1990s to work as a director for Carlton Communications. In his most recent campaign, he championed the cost-cutting “Big Society.†This MP for Witney took his current office after forming a coalition in May 2010 with Nick Clegg and the Liberal Democrats, after which he replaced Labour's Gordon Brown. For 10 points, name this Conservative, the current Prime Minster of the United Kingdom.
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This man wrote about the pursuit of social honor in "Class, Status, Party," and he defined a state as an entity with a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force in "Politics as Vocation." He wrote about "The Arena of Normative and De Facto Powers" in a work often identified as a revision of Marxism, Economy and Society. He discussed a certain people's concept of "calling" in a work which also talks about asceticism and posits a link based on the need for worldly success to justify predestination. For 10 points, name this man who argued that Calvinism is tied to economic success, the German author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
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This man's design for the AT&T headquarters building features a distinctive "Chippendale top." He designed a New Canaan, Connecticut, structure that features a central brick fireplace and perfectly symmetrical black steel beams, a project inspired by his mentor's Farnsworth House. Another building he worked on has blinds that only have three positions and features Calder's Ordinary in its granite plaza. That building is a 38-story skyscraper with non-structural glass walls that this architect co-designed with his mentor, Mies van der Rohe. FTP, name this American architect of the Glass House and the Seagram Building.
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This man's on-air admission of surgery led Michael Savage to label him “the hemorrhoid with eyes.†This man ordered Keith Ellison to “prove to me that you are not working with our enemies,†and he was accused by the hosts of The View of lying about a chance meeting on an Amtrak train. This commentator highlighted Nine Principles and Twelve Values as part of his 9/12 project, and lost over forty advertisers after accusing President Obama of having “a deep-seated hatred for white people.†For 10 points, name this author of An Inconvenient Book and The Real America, a right wing commentator who joins Bill O'Reilly and Sean Hannity on Fox News.
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This name, meaning "stone of help," was given to a battle fought northeast of Jaffa where, according to chapter 4 of First Samuel, the Israelites were defeated by the Philistines, who promptly captured the ark of the covenant. It also denotes a stone which was erected by Samuel near Mizpah to celebrate a subsequent Israeli triumph over the Philistines. FTP, give this name which is the given name of the central characters in John Barth's Sotweed Factor and Dickens' Christmas Carol.
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This neighborhood includes a famous group of towers built single-handedly by Simon Rodilla out of discarded items such as broken glass and seashells. According to an investigatory commission headed by John McCone, the passage of Proposition 14 precipitated the most famous event to occur here by blocking the implementation of federal fair housing legislation. On August 11, 1965, a routine traffic stop led to $200 million in property damage, 34 deaths and 6 days of rioting. FTP, name the Los Angeles neighborhood where this riot occurred.
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This person wrote about the functions of especially recalcitrant people in his text The Underlife of a Public Institution, while he wrote about the way in which people seek out entertainment in his work Where the Action is. This man discussed the sociological situation of "inmates" with mental illness in his book Asylums, while in another work, this sociologist discusses what he considers "spoiled" identity, which he argues arises solely from the reactions of other people with whom people interact. In this man's best-known work, he argues that people participate in "dramaturgical" rituals and treat all social interaction as a play. For ten points, identify this sociologist who wrote Stigma and The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
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This person's time spent assisting Sobhuza II of Swaziland led to a work on race relations in Africa edited posthumously by Phyllis Kaberry as The Dynamics of Culture Change. This author wrote an essay discussing belief in ancestral spirits who impregnate bathing women, "Baloma," which appears in a collection with "Magic, Science, and Religion." This person founded a school of anthropology that Radcliffe-Brown would extend to a "structural" variety, functionalism. His Coral Gardens and their Magic draws on his experience in the Trobriand Islands, while his most famous book discusses the Kula ring. For 10 points, name this author of Argonauts of the Western Pacific.
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This phrase is used to refer to a style of programming that ritualistically includes code or structure with no real purpose. In a 1974 commencement address, Richard Feynman assigned this phrase to a type of "science" that follows the forms and precepts of real investigation but without any result. FTP, name this two-word term, originally used to refer to aboriginal groups after WWII who built fake runways to attract god-like airplanes and their magical packages.
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This quality is the namesake of a beggar who abuses Lazarillo de Tormes, and a Chester Himes title describes a man of this type "with a pistol." This sobriquet is given to a pianist named d'Arnault who appears in My Antonia, and this adjective is also used to describe Maurice Pervin, the title character of a D.H. Lawrence short story. People of this kind are described as "vaguely ridiculous" and asked "what do they seek in heaven" in a namesake poem from Les Fleurs du Mal. A poem about having this quality concludes "they also serve who only stand and wait." For 10 points, name this adjective which describes the man who wrote about "how my light is spent," John Milton.
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This standard arose from the doctorate work of Robert Metcalfe, who later joined Xerox. Officially known as IEEE Standard 802.3, it is a medium access control protocol, and its frame format includes a preamble, data and pad fields, a frame check sequence, and the source and destination addresses. Physical connection is made through cable types including 10Base5, 100BaseT, and even gigabit-rate varieties, to which computers can connect using an Attachment Unit Interface cable and a network interface card. FTP, identify this protocol, which, like the token ring and token bus, is used in local area networks.
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This state's Aztalan State Park is home to some notable Native American ruins, and in 1897, the Boaz mastodon was found here. This state is home to the ancient Gogebic and Baraboo mountain ranges, the latter of which forms the eastern border of the Driftless Area, and it controls the Apostle Islands. The site of the Bad Axe Massacre in 1832, in which the Sauk and Fox followers of Black Hawk were killed, this state is home to the Door Peninsula, which juts into Lake Michigan, as well as Lake Winnebago. For 10 points, name this Midwestern state whose cities include Green Bay and Milwaukee.
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This structure's eastern section is accessed through the wrought iron ambulatory gates of Jean Tijou. Its façade contains the Great West Door of Malaysia and consists of a double-storied portico of Corinthian columns secured by two towers copied from the Church of Santa Agnese. The balconies of Santa Maria della Pace inspired its transept porch design. Its interior features the chapel of St. Dunstan and the Whispering Gallery, while the crossing of its three-aisled nave and choir is covered by a 365 foot triple-shelled dome. FTP, name this Baroque cathedral on Ludgate Hill, the masterpiece of Sir Christopher Wren.
identify this 12th century mystic and composer known as "The Sybil of the Rhine."
This subject of a biography by Theodoric of Echternach and Gottfried of Disibodenberg wrote two treatises about medicine entitled Physica and Causae et Curae. Receiving much of her education from the anchoress Jutta, her later works include The Book of Life's Merits and The Book of Divine Works. Anima and Diabolus are two of the primary characters in Ordo Virtutem her musical morality play. Her most important work, containing her visions, was dedicated to her secretary Volmar and entitled Scivias. For 10 points
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This term was less famously used in 1874 by writer and war correspondent Junius Henri Browne as a title for Harper's Magazine to describe the number of people dead being greater than the number of people living. Republicans sometimes use it to explain election outcomes in which the media predicted that the Democratic candidate would win easily, but on election day, the Republican candidate came out on top. In a 1963 speech, it referred to Americans that did not protest the Vietnam war or participate in the media. For 10 points, what is this term popularized by Richard Nixon for a mass of people that do not express their opinions publicly?
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This term was originally used to denote an inanimate object supposed to possess magical powers. Adorno claimed that culture had been turned into one of these by capitalism, while Marx used it in economics to describe the appeal of useless goods in capitalism. It is better known for its use in psychology, especially its treatment by Freud in Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex, where he tried to explain the fact that it is seen mainly in males. FTP, what is this condition in which objects and nonsexual body parts are used to achieve sexual gratification?
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This thinker noted that aphasia can occur across either the syntagmatic or paradigmatic axis, and can involve either word combination or vocabulary substitution. He postulated the Gesamtbedeutung and Grundbedeutung, or invariant and contextually specific meaning, of morphological constructs, which he used to analyze his native language's case system in terms of directionality, marginality, and quantification. This man came up with six functions of communication, including context and code, in his expansion of Karl Bühler's Organon-model. One of his theories, put forth in Preliminaries to Speech Analysis, states that each phoneme can be described by possessing or lacking certain qualities. For 10 points, name this creator of the distinctive features theory of phonology, who, along with people like René Wellek and Nicholas Trubetskoy, was a leader of the Prague School of Linguistics.
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This thinker was unflatteringly labeled "the American Heidegger" in a Steve Fuller work. His essay "Objectivity, Value Judgment, and Theory Choice" is included in a work which divides its contents into "historiographic" and "metahistorical" sections, while his most famous work rejects Karl Popper's theory of falsifiability, presents the incommensurability thesis, and argues that the titular events are caused by paradigm shifts and include the move from a geocentric to a heliocentric model of the solar system. For 10 points, name this author of The Essential Tension and The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
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This topic was the primary subject of the 1102 Council of London, and it was at the center of the trial of Sarah White Norman, who was forced to make a public apology in Plymouth colony. Groups which have supported it included the League of 1948, in Denmark, and the Mattachine Society founded by Harry Hay in 1951. The name "Urning" was created by Karl-Heinrich Ulrichs in his periodical to describe it; against his wishes, Paragraph 175 in the German Criminal Code was passed. The subject of a scathing treatise by Peter Damian, one man attempted to amend Paragraph 175 against it and was executed, Ernst Rohm. English monarchs associated with it include Edward II and James I, and Roman emperors include Trajan and Nero. Queen Victoria did not criminalize the female type because she didn't believe it existed. FTP, name this practice of being attracted to members of one's own gender.
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This work includes a discussion of the witch's nest at Norcia, which is described in a letter by Aeneas Sylvius. The final chapter begins with a discussion of the execution of Boscoli as an example of the "general spirit of doubt." A rhyming topographical work, the Dittamondo of Uberti, is discussed several times in part 4, which the previous part discusses the poetry of Palingenius, Sannazaro, and Maffeo Vegio. The first part considers a number of despots and their republican opponents, while generally treating the idea of the "state as a work of art," while later sections deal with the "development of the individual" and "the revival of antiquity." When it first appeared in 1860, its author, a professor of history at the University of Basel, was unknown. FTP, name this work of cultural history by Jakob Burckhardt.
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This work's influence on the Renaissance can be traced to a 1511 edition produced by Fra Giovanni Giocondo. Its eighth book deals with water, while the ninth discusses the analemma and the phases of the moon in the course of an overview of sundials and clocks. The last book includes sections on Hegetor's tortoise, catapults, the hodometer, and the water organ. The second offers a discussion of the primordial substance before considering such non-primordial substances as sand, lime, and timber, and is followed by books devoted to temples, public places, and private houses. The only work of its type to survive from antiquity, it was partially based on a work by Hermogenes. FTP, name this handbook written around 27 BC, a guide to building produced by Vitruvius.
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Though not normally used for creation, this language works with the main product of such companies as Sybase and Informix. Aggregate functions like SUM, MAX, and COUNT restrict the data shown when appearing in a "Having" clause, but form a column if part of the "Select" clause beginning a query. For ten points, the language of data access for relational databases goes by what three-letter acronym?
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William Powell makes a suave ship's doctor, adept at improvising "cocktails." Stuck "between the islands of Tedium and Ennui" are the officers and crew aboard a Navy cargo ship whose chief contribution to the war effort is delivering toothpaste and toilet paper to other ships. Jack Lemmon won a Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his role in what 1955 movie set aboard the U.S.S. Reluctant in which James Cagney plays the tyrannical ship's captain and, FTP, Henry Fonda plays the pensive, well-loved title character.
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Xerox developed it in the late 1970s, based on the Aloha radio system used to support computer communication across the Hawaiian islands. In this type of network, multiple stations all share the same link, send data in packets, and use "collision detect" to ensure frames never interfere. The forwarding "repeaters" means that one of these has a total reach of only 2500 m and can support a maximum of 1024 hosts. FTP name this most successful type of LAN, which gets its name from its radio origins.
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Zipporah placed the central object of this action on Moses's feet, and God commanded Joshua to do his en masse at Gilgal. One notable incident of this action is celebrated on a January 1 feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Genesis 17:10 is an important scriptural source about this action, and is usually interpreted as ordaining normally forbidden action on the Sabbath. This practice is alternatively referred to as Taharah in Arabic, and is usually called Tihan. Known as a bris milah in Judaism, it takes place on the eighth day after birth. For 10 points, name this action, that when performed on Jesus, resulted in the Holy Prepuce's formation.