OWare- Earth And Space Science 9. Earth's Atmosphere

In the ionosphere, the collision that raises the energy levels of oxygen and nitrogen occurs between which of the following? Select all that apply.

gas atoms electrons

In the carbon-oxygen cycle, carbon dioxide is used for _____ and oxygen is used for _____.

photosynthesis, respiration

Global climate has changed in the past due to ___ and ___.

plate tectonics milankovitch cycles

Nitrogen and oxygen are _____ gases in the atmosphere.

primary

The atmosphere has many roles, including:

provides gases for respiration and photosynthesis provides protection from UV radiation and meteorites stabilizes a habitable temperature

What are the three uses that can have a negative change on the land?

Mining Agriculture

Which of the following two events occur to create a sea breeze? Select all that apply.

Warm air rises on land and moves toward the ocean to cool Cool air moves from the ocean to be warmed by the land

The atmosphere is considered _____ because of its ability to transport and distribute materials throughout the globe quickly.

a superhighway

Air pollution causes _____.

acid rain respiratory distress global warming

Some people consider the earth to be _____ because of its dynamic processes or cycles.

alive

Which gas is the most abundant of the trace gases?

argon

The release of atoms' energy through glowing light and gases called a(n) ________.

aurora

The leading cause of air pollution is _____.

automobiles

Which of the following are ways the atmosphere supports life?

blocks harmful UV rays transports and distributes heat cycles essential elements: C, O, and N

In the paleoatmosphere, the primary gases were _____.

carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor

Winds move in a _____ direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in a _____ direction in the Southern Hemisphere because of the Coriolis effect.

clockwise, counterclockwise

A shorter electromagnetic wave is _____

more powerful

The earth has fewer meteorite impacts because_____.

of the earth's atmosphere

Humidity is most prevalent _____.

on a beach

Gases and particles which are put into the air or emitted by various sources are called __________.

photochemical smog (wrong)

Carbon dioxide and water vapor are variable gases because _____.

their amounts vary throughout the atmosphere

Compared to Mars, our atmosphere's _____ is better to maintain a warm, livable temperature.

thickness

You climbed to the top of Mount Everest, which rises to 29,000 feet. You are in the _____.

troposphere

The main reason for wind or air circulation is _____.

uneven heat distribution

Which of the following factors caused the early atmosphere to become thicker?

volcanic outgassing meteorite and comet impacts

The condensation of _____ formed the early oceans. It is an important part of the water cycle.

water vapor

When you go camping, you burn wood. Are you contributing to air pollution?

yes

The first major source of oxygen gas was _____.

cyanobacteria

NASA launches another satellite into the _____.

exosphere

What would be the result if Earth's unique atmosphere did not exist?

Life would no longer be possible.

Which of the following statements correctly compares the relationship between the earth, its atmosphere and radiation?

The earth is cooled and its atmosphere is heated by terrestrial radiation.

In the United States, this law regulates the amount of certain pollutants that can be released into the air.

Clean Air Act

Nitrogen is important to life because it is part of _____.

DNA, amino acids, and proteins

The air in the atmosphere circulates mainly because _____.

convection is redistributing heat

What are the three keys to keeping water clean?

Effective cleanup of oil and gasoline spills Adding sediment to the water to reduce sunlight absorption Proper sewage treatment Reduction of pollutants

__________ is vital to sustainable development.

Energy

Congress established the _____ in 1969 to help with the air pollution problem.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

What are three problems that can result from poor soil management?

Erosion Nutrient depletion Desertification

_____________ is increasing the temperatures of Earth's oceans and atmosphere, leading to more intense storms of all types, including hurricanes.

Global Warming

__________ is the gradual increase in the temperature of Earth's atmosphere.

Global warming

1. carbon monoxide 2. hydrocarbon 3. Milankovitch cycles 4. nitrogen oxide 5. pollution 6. sulfur oxide

1. a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas 2. wasted, unburned fuel given off as a gas 3. predictable variations of Earth's orbit and tilt that can affect climate 4. a gas produced at high temperatures by combining nitrogen and oxygen 5. waste substances not ordinarily found in the atmosphere that affect Earth's natural cycles 6. a gas produced when sulfur impurities in fuel burn by combining with oxygen

1. albedo 2. conduction 3. convection 4. Earth's energy budget 5. humidity 6. latent heat 7. radiation

1. ability of a material to reflect solar radiation 2. the transfer of heat between two stationary entities 3. process of heat transfer by the circulation or movement of a liquid or a gas 4. the balance between the amount of energy coming in from the Sun and going back out into space 5. moisture in the air 6. heat released when water vapor condenses 7. transfer of heat or energy through rays of various wavelengths

There's a meteor shower tonight! It happens primarily in the _____.

mesosphere

The ___ is the coldest layer and the ___ is the hottest layer in the atmosphere.

mesosphere thermosphere

In 1958, a group of United States scientists discovered the ___________.

Van Allen radiation belts

Biogeochemical cycles _____.

help keep the earth warm recycle essential materials are needed by living things

1. deforestation 2. desertification 3. nutrient depletion 4. drought 5. erosion 6. land reclamation 7. natural resource

1. area where people cut down woodlands to harvest timber or clear the land for farms or ranches 2. the advance of desert-like conditions into areas that were previously fertile 3. the process by which soil becomes less fertile, because a farmer plants the same crops in a field every year causing too much nutrient absorption 4. a period when less rain than normal falls in an area 5. the process by which water, wind, or ice moves particles of rocks or soil 6. the process of restoring an area of land to a more productive state 7. anything that occurs naturally in the environment and is used by people

1. emissions 2. carbon monoxide 3. nonpoint source 4. point source 5. temperature inversion 6. smog alert 7. radon

1. gases and particles which are put into the air or emitted by various sources 2. a colorless, odorless gas that forms when fuels are not completely burned 3. a source that is widely spread and cannot be tied to a specific origin, such as vehicle emissions 4. a specific source of pollution that is easy to identify, such as a smokestack 5. occurs when a layer of warm air prevents the rising air from escaping; the polluted air is trapped and held close to Earth's surface 6. a warning about a type of air pollution called photochemical smog 7. a colorless, odorless gas that is radioactive and is formed naturally by certain rocks underground

1. altitude 2. barometer 3. Coriolis effect 4. land breeze 5. pressure 6. sea breeze

1. height above the earth's surface 2. instrument used to measure air pressure 3. a circular pattern of winds created by Earth's rotation 4. cool breeze that circulates from land to sea 5. weight or force upon something 6. cool breeze that circulates from sea to land

1. cyanobacteria 2. meteorite 3. meteoroid 4. ozone 5. photosynthesis 6. respiration

1. single-celled photosynthetic bacteria 2. mass of stone or metal that has passed through the atmosphere and struck the earth's surface 3. mass of stone or metal traveling through space 4. a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms; absorbs UV radiation 5. process by which plants use chlorophyll and energy from sunlight to manufacture food from carbon dioxide 6. the process by which oxygen combines with food to release energy and carbon dioxide

1. exosphere 2. ion 3. ionosphere 4. mesosphere 5. ozonosphere 6. stratosphere 7. thermosphere

1. the sub-layer of the thermosphere where the atmosphere blends into space 2. an electrically charged atom 3. a sub-layer of the thermosphere containing ions 4. the layer of the atmosphere just above the stratosphere; burns up most meteors 5. a region in the upper stratosphere where ozone is concentrated 6. layer of the atmosphere just above the troposphere where the temperature remains fairly constant 7. layer of the atmosphere above the mesosphere where temperatures are the highest in the atmosphere

Which of the following does Earth's atmosphere make possible? Select all that apply.

A biosphere existing Dynamic recycling of materials needed for most processes on Earth Maintaining a steady and habitable temperature on Earth

It's a hot sunny day and you decide to go for a drive. When you open your car door, it's a lot hotter inside than outside. Why is that?

A greenhouse effect—heat was let in through the windows and some was trapped inside.

What is the name of the layer of the upper atmosphere about 18.6 miles above Earth's surface that protects us from the effects of too much ultraviolet radiation?

Ozone layer

When air pressure decreases, the mercury in a barometer _____.

goes down

What force keeps our atmosphere from floating out into space?

gravity

What type of gases holds in heat and keeps the earth at a moderate temperature?

greenhouse gases

Radio waves _____.

have the least energy have the longest wavelengths

What conditions would most likely cause thunderstorms?

humid and hot

Air pressure _____.

is the weight of air molecules decreases as altitude increases can balance by popping your ears

If you were standing on the beach at midnight, would you feel a sea breeze or a land breeze?

land breeze

Energy released when water vapor condenses is _____.

latent heat

The thermosphere has _____ air pressure than the mesosphere.

less

Three ways to transfer heat are by _____.

radiation, conduction, and convection

Warm air _____ and cool air _____.

rises, sinks

You're flying in a plane and the seatbelt sign is turned off. You're in the _____.

stratosphere

Most of the thermal radiation supplied by the sun is absorbed by which of the following?

the earth's surface