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A first-harmonic standing wave is formed on a vertical string of length 3.0 m using a vibration generator. The boundary conditions for this string are that it is fixed at one boundary and free at the other boundary. The generator vibrates at a frequency of 300 Hz. What is the speed of the wave on the string?

3.6 km s-1

A pair of slits in a double slit experiment are illuminated with monochromatic light of wavelength 480 nm. The slits are separated by 1.0 mm. What is the separation of the fringes when observed at a distance of 2.0 m from the slits?

9.6 × 10-1 mm

A sound wave has a wavelength of 0.20 m. What is the phase difference between two points along the wave which are 0.85 m apart?

90°

The refractive index for light travelling from medium X to medium Y is 4/3. The refractive index for light travelling from medium Y to medium Z is 3/5. What is the refractive index for light travelling from medium X to medium Z?

A 4/5

The diagram shows a second harmonic standing wave on a string fixed at both ends. What is the phase difference, in rad, between the particle at X and the particle at Y?

A. 0

Wave generators placed at position P and position Q produce water waves of wavelength 4.0 cm. Each generator, operating alone, produces a wave oscillating with amplitude A at position R. Distances PR and QR are shown in the diagram below. Both wave generators now operate together in phase. What is the amplitude of the oscillation of the resulting wave at R?

A. 0

A girl in a stationary boat observes that 10 wave crests pass the boat every minute. What is the period of the water waves?

A. 1/10 min

The power emitted as electromagnetic radiation by the Sun is approximately 4×1026 W. The radius of the orbit of Mars around the Sun is approximately 2×1011 m. What is the best estimate for the power incident on an area of 1 m2 at the radius of Mars' orbit?

A. 103 W

A point source emits sound waves of amplitude A. The sound intensity at a distance d from the source is I. What is the sound intensity at a distance 0.5d from the source when the source emits waves of amplitude 2A?

A. 16l

A body undergoes simple harmonic motion. Which graph correctly shows the variation with displacement x of the velocity v of the body?

A. Circle

Two waves meet at a point in space. Which of the following properties always add together?

A. Displacement

A beam of unpolarized light is incident on the first of two parallel polarizers. The transmission axes of the two polarizers are initially parallel. The first polarizer is now rotated about the direction of the incident beam by an angle smaller than 90°. Which gives the changes, if any, in the intensity and polarization of the transmitted light?

A. Intensity different Polarization no change

Electromagnetic waves pass through a slit in a metal plate with minimal diffraction. The slit has a width of 0.25 m. What is the wavelength of the waves?

A. Much less than 0.25 m

A ray of light passes from the air into a long glass plate of refractive index n at an angle θ to the edge of the plate. The ray is incident on the internal surface of the glass plate and the refracted ray travels along the external surface of the plate. What change to n and what change to θ will cause the ray to travel entirely within the plate after incidence?

A. N increases and theta increases

Which graph shows the variation with amplitude A of the intensity I for a wave?

A. exponential going up

Which diagram shows the shape of the wavefront as a result of the diffraction of plane waves by an object?

A. eyebrow waves stemming from block

A wave on a string travels to the right as shown. The frequency of the wave is f. At time t=0, a small marker on the string is in the position shown. What is the position of the marker at t=14f?

A. first point above marker

A water wave entering a harbor passes suddenly from deep to shallow water. In deep water, the wave has frequency ƒ1 and speed v1. In shallow water, the wave has frequency ƒ2 and speed v2.

A. frequencies are equal, velocity 1 is greater than v 2

In two separate experiments monochromatic light is incident on a single slit. The diagrams show the diffraction patterns obtained on a screen far from the slit. In the top diagram the wavelength of light is and the slit width is b1b1. In the bottom diagram the wavelength of light is λ2 and the slit width is b2.

A. lamda / b is less than lamda / b

Which graph correctly shows how the acceleration, a of a particle undergoing SHM varies with its displacement, x from its equilibrium position?

A. linear going down

A light ray is incident on an air-diamond boundary. The refractive index of diamond is greater than 1. Which diagram shows the correct path of the light ray?

A. looks like absolute value

The diagram shows the fundamental (first harmonic) of a standing (stationary) sound wave in a pipe open at one end. At any instant, all the molecules of air in the pipe oscillate with the same

A. phase.

Two wave pulses move towards each other as shown in the diagram. Which diagram shows a possible combination of the two pulses after a short time?

A. staircase with three stairs going down

A particle undergoes simple harmonic motion (SHM). The graph shows the variation of velocity v of the particle with time t. What is the variation with time of the acceleration a of the particle?

A. starts at 0 going up

Two pulses are travelling towards each other. What is a possible pulse shape when the pulses overlap?

A. triangle (right angle on the bottom left)

An object performs simple harmonic motion (SHM) about a central point. The object has velocity v and acceleration a when it has displacement x from the point. Which ratio is constant?

A. x/a

Diagram 1 represents equally spaced beads on a spring. The beads are 1 cm apart. A longitudinal wave propagates along the spring. Diagram 2 shows the position of the beads at a particular instant. Which of the following is the best estimate of the amplitude?

B. 0.8 cm

A point source of light of amplitude A0 gives rise to a particular light intensity when viewed at a distance from the source. When the amplitude is increased and the viewing distance is doubled, the light intensity is doubled. What is the new amplitude of the source?

B. 2√2 A0

Which of the following is a value of wavelength that is found in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum?

B. 4×10−7 m

Unpolarized light is shone through two identical polarizers whose axes are parallel. The ratio I/Io is

B. 50%

A standing sound wave is set up inside a narrow glass tube which has both ends open. The first harmonic frequency of the standing wave is 500Hz. What is the frequency of the sound wave if the length of the tube is halved and one end is closed?

B. 500 Hz

When a sound wave travels from a region of hot air to a region of cold air, it refracts as shown. What changes occur in the frequency and wavelength of the sound as it passes from the hot air to the cold air?

B. Frequency unchanged Wavelength decreases

A standing (stationary) wave is set up on a stretched string. The diagram below shows the string at three different instants of time. P, Q and R are three points on the string.

B. In phase p and R one wavelength apart p and Q

Two loudspeakers, L1 and L2, emit identical sound waves.

B. Intensity at P is maximum intensity at q is minimum

A body undergoes one oscillation of simple harmonic motion (shm). What is correct for the direction of the acceleration of the body and the direction of its velocity?

B. Opposite for half a period

A string is made to vibrate at its third harmonic. The diagram shows two points P and Q at a particular instant in time. Which of the following compares the period of vibration of P and Q and the average speed of P and Q?

B. Period of vibration of p and q same Average speed of p and Q different

The diagram shows the variation of velocity v with time t for an object performing simple harmonic motion. Which of the following shows how the acceleration a varies with t?

B. Start at A going down

A spring XY lies on a frictionless table with the end Y free. A horizontal pulse travels along the spring from X to Y. What happens when the pulse reaches Y?

B. The pulse will be reflected towards X and not be inverted.

An unpolarized ray of light in air is incident on the surface of water. The reflected ray is completely polarized. Which of the following are separated by an angle of 90˚?

B. The reflected ray and the refracted ray

The speed of a wave in medium X is greater than the speed of the wave in medium Y. Which diagram shows the correct refraction of the wavefronts at the boundary between X and Y?

B. Three lines next to each other

The graph shows the variation with position s of the displacement x of a wave undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM). What is the magnitude of the velocity at the displacements X, Y and Z?

B. X - 0 Y - Max Z - Zero

The diagram shows, at a particular instant in time, part of a rope along which a wave is travelling.

B. X is the upward arrow

What statement about X-rays and ultraviolet radiation is correct?

B. X-rays have a higher frequency than ultraviolet waves.

A high solid wall separates two gardens X and Y. Music from a loudspeaker in X can be heard in Y even though X cannot be seen from Y. The music can be heard in Y due to

B. diffraction.

The lowest frequency emitted by an organ pipe that is open at both ends is f. What is the lowest frequency emitted by an organ pipe of the same length that is closed at one end?

B. f/2

Horizontally polarized light is transmitted through a polarizer whose transmission axis is horizontal. The light enters a container with a sugar solution and is then incident on a second polarizer whose transmission axis is vertical. When the second polarizer is rotated by a small angle, no light is transmitted through the second polarizer. The explanation for this observation is that the sugar solution

B. rotates the plane of polarization of light.

A system that is subject to a restoring force oscillates about an equilibrium position. For the motion to be simple harmonic, the restoring force must be proportional to

B. the displacement from the equilibrium position.

The wavelength of a standing (stationary) wave is equal to

B. twice the distance between adjacent nodes.

A wave pulse is sent along a light string which is attached to a heavy rope as shown. The diagrams are not to scale. Which diagram shows the shape of the string and the rope after a short time?

B. wave goes down and up (black)

Horizontally polarized light of intensity I0 enters a polarizer P whose polarization axis makes an angle of θ degrees with the horizontal. Light from P is then incident on a polarizer A with fixed vertical polarization axis. The angle θ is varied from 0 to 90 degrees. Which of the following represents the variation with θ of the intensity I of the light transmitted through A?

B. wave with up and down part

The graph shows the variation with distance x of the displacement of the particles of a medium in which a longitudinal wave is travelling from left to right. Displacements to the right of equilibrium positions are positive. Which point is at the centre of a compression?

B. x = 1 m

A travelling wave of period 5.0 ms travels along a stretched string at a speed of 40 m s-1. Two points on the string are 0.050 m apart. What is the phase difference between the two points?

B. π/2

The diagram shows an interference pattern produced by two sources that oscillate on the surface of a liquid. Which of the distances shown in the diagram corresponds to one fringe width of the interference pattern?

C 2nd longest going horizontal

Waves emitted from sources X and Y have equal wavelengths and are initially in phase. The waves interfere destructively at point P, where the path difference is 0.60m. What is a possible value for the wavelength of the waves?

C. 0.40 m

What is the best estimate for the refractive index of a medium in which light travels at a speed of 2.7×10^8 ms^-1

C. 1.1

The frequency of the first harmonic standing wave in a pipe that is open at both ends is 200 Hz. What is the frequency of the first harmonic in a pipe of the same length that is open at one end and closed at the other?

C. 100 Hz

A wave of period 5.0m s travels through a medium. The graph shows the variation with distance d of the displacement x of points in the medium. What is the average speed of a point in the medium during one full oscillation?

C. 16m s-1

A pipe of fixed length is closed at one end. What is third harmonic frequency of pipe/ first harmonic frequency of pipe?

C. 3

A standing (stationary) wave is set up on a string at a particular frequency as shown. How many nodes will be on the string if the frequency is doubled but nothing else is changed?

C. 7

Properties of waves are I. polarizationII. diffractionIII. refraction Which of these properties apply to sound waves?

C. II and III

One end of a horizontal string is fixed to a wall. A transverse pulse moves along the string as shown. Which of the following statements are correct for the reflected pulse compared to the forward pulse? I. It moves more slowly. II. It has less energy. III. It is inverted

C. II and III only

Unpolarized light of intensity I0 is incident on the first of two polarizing sheets. Initially the planes of polarization of the sheets are perpendicular. Which sheet must be rotated and by what angle so that light of intensity Io/4 can emerge from the second sheet?

C. Rotated sheet 1 or 2 Angle of rotation cos inverse root 2 / 2

Which of the following is a correct comparison between standing waves and travelling waves?

C. Standing waves - the wavelength is twice the distance between consecutive nodes Travelling waves - the wavelength is the distance between consecutive crests

A wave pulse travels along a light string which is attached to a frictionless ring. The ring can move freely up and down a vertical rod. What is the shape of the wave pulse after reflection?

C. Triangle with point on top left

The graph shows how the velocity v of an object undergoing simple harmonic motion varies with time t for one complete period of oscillation.Which of the following sketch graphs best shows how the total energy E of the object varies with t

C. Two parallel lines

Light is incident from air on the surface of a transparent medium. When V is equal to the Brewster angle, which angle is equal to 90°?

C. X+Y

Electromagnetic waves

C. always travel at the same speed in a vacuum.

An orchestra playing on boat X can be heard by tourists on boat Y, which is situated out of sight of boat X around a headland.

C. diffraction.

A water wave moves on the surface of a lake. P and Q are two points on the water surface. The wave is traveling towards the right. The diagram shows the wave at time t = 0. Which graph shows how the displacements of P and Q vary with t?

C. one starts at 1 the other starts at 0

An optically active substance is a substance that

C. rotates the plane of polarization of incident polarized light.

A standing wave is established in air in a pipe with one closed and one open end. The air molecules near X are

C. sometimes at the centre of a compression and sometimes at the centre of a rarefaction.

Which of the following gives regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in the order of decreasing frequency?

C. ultraviolet, infrared, microwave

In which of the following regions of the electromagnetic spectrum is radiation of wavelength 600 nm located?

C. visible light

A standing wave is established on a string between two fixed points. What is the phase difference in radians between point P and point Q on the string?

C. π

What is the phase difference, in rad, between the centre of a compression and the centre of a rarefaction for a longitudinal travelling wave?

C. π

The graph shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of an object undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM). At which velocity does the displacement from the mean position take a maximum positive value?

D (farthest point)

Two wave pulses, each of amplitude A, approach each other. They then superpose before continuing in their original directions. What is the total amplitude during superposition and the amplitudes of the individual pulses after superposition?

D Total amp during superposition is 2a and individual is A

A particle oscillates with simple harmonic motion (shm) of period T. Which graph shows the variation with time of the kinetic energy of the particle?

D. (starts on top doesnt go below x - axis with two valleys)

Which of the following graphs shows the variation with displacement xx of the speed vv of a particle performing simple harmonic motion

D. -x^2+10

A pipe of length L has two open ends. Another pipe of length L′ has one open end and one closed end. The frequency of the first harmonic of both pipes is the same. What is L′/L

D. 1/2

A student stands a distance L from a wall and claps her hands. Immediately on hearing the reflection from the wall she claps her hands again. She continues to do this, so that successive claps and the sound of reflected claps coincide. The frequency at which she claps her hands is f. What is the speed of sound in air?

D. 2Lf

Water is draining from a vertical tube that was initially full. A vibrating tuning fork is held near the top of the tube. For two positions of the water surface only, the sound is at its maximum loudness. The distance between the two positions of maximum loudness is x. What is the wavelength of the sound emitted by the tuning fork?

D. 2x

Two polarizers have polarizing axes that make an angle of 30˚ to each other. Unpolarized light of intensity I1 is incident on the first polarizer so that light of intensity I2 emerges from the second polarizer, as shown below.

D. 8/3

In simple harmonic oscillations which two quantities always have opposite directions?

D. Acceleration and displacement

What is true about the acceleration of a particle that is oscillating with simple harmonic motion (SHM)?

D. It is at a minimum when the velocity is at a maximum

Two travelling waves are moving through a medium. The diagram shows, for a point in the medium, the variation with time t of the displacement d of each of the waves. For the instant when t = 2.0 ms, what is the phase difference between the waves and what is the resultant displacement of the waves?

D. Phase difference 90 and Resultant Displacement -0.6

A particle performs simple harmonic oscillations. Which of the following quantities will be unaffected by a reduction in the amplitude of oscillations?

D. The period

Monochromatic light travels from air into water. Which of the following describes the changes in wavelength and speed?

D. Wavelength decreases and speed decreases

A light ray passes from air to water as shown. What are the change in the wavelength of the light wave and the change in the angle the ray makes with the normal to the surface?

D. Wavelength increases angle with normal decreases

The phenomenon of diffraction is associated with

D. all waves.

Polarized light of intensity I0 is incident on a polarizing filter. The angle between the plane of polarization of the incident light and the transmission plane of the polarizer is θ. Which graph shows how the intensity I of the light transmitted through the polarizer varies with θ?

D. curve at Io going to 90

A liquid in a U-tube is given an initial displacement and allowed to oscillate. The motion of the liquid is recorded using a motion sensor. Which graph shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of the liquid?

D. curve that begins to flatten

Monochromatic coherent light is incident on a narrow rectangular slit. The diffracted light is observed on a distant screen. The graph below shows how the intensity of the light varies with position on the screen. The width of the slit is reduced. Which graph shows how the intensity of light observed varies with position on the screen? The original diffraction pattern is shown with a dotted line.

D. dotted line above straight

Unpolarized light of intensity Io is incident on a polarizer that has a vertical transmission axis.

D. straight line at 0.5

A person wearing polarizing sunglasses stands at the edge of a pond in bright sunlight. The surface of the pond is flat and the line of sight of the person makes an angle θ with the surface. The refractive index of the pond water is n. What is the value of θ for which the intensity of the sunlight reflected by the surface to the person's eye is a minimum?

D. tan−1 (1/n)

A transverse travelling wave has an amplitude x0 and wavelength λ. What is the minimum distance between a crest and a trough measured in the direction of energy propagation?

D. λ2

What are the changes in the speed and in the wavelength of monochromatic light when the light passes from water to air?

Speed increases and Wavelength Increases

A string stretched between two fixed points sounds its second harmonic at frequency f. Which expression, where n is an integer, gives the frequencies of harmonics that have a node at the centre of the string?

nf

A ray of light is incident on a boundary between glass and air. Which of the following is the refractive index of glass?

sinθ4/sin⁡θ1

A particle is displaced from rest and released at time t = 0. It performs simple harmonic motion (SHM). Which graph shows the variation with time of the kinetic energy Ek of the particle?

starts at bottom never below x - axis aka D