PACE 2016 Bonuses

The House of Mirth was written by this author, who also described a man having an affair with Mattie Silver in Ethan Frome.

Edith Wharton <Jose>

Cordelia's execution is ordered by this illegitimate son of Gloucester, the villain of the play, who plots against his older brother Edgar and questions "Why bastard? Wherefore base?" in a famous speech.

Edmund <Jose>

This economist argued that the Phillips Curve is vertical in the long-run as part of his theory of the natural rate of unemployment. He is also credited with devising the Golden Rule savings rate.

Edmund Phelps

"Richard Cory" was written by this American poet, who described a man who "loved the Medici, albeit he had never seen one" in the poem "Miniver Cheevy."

Edwin Arlington Robinson

Drew Ali was inspired by the magic of this ancient country's gods, such as Thoth and Hathor, to develop some of the history of the Moorish Science Temple.

Egypt <Jose>

Naipaul's In a Free State contains two sections about a man traveling to this African country, the home of Naguib Mahfouz and the setting of Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet.

Egypt <Kothari>

The rates of spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, and photon absorption in a laser can be related using these quantities.

Einstein (A and B) coefficients <Busse>

After Wallace Fard split from the Moorish Science Temple, he founded the more militant Nation of Islam, and was succeeded by this man, a mentor to Malcolm X.

Elijah Muhammad [or Elijah Robert Poole; prompt on Muhammad]

The so-called "Old Poor Law" dates back to the reign of this English "Virgin Queen," the last Tudor to rule England.

Elizabeth I [or Elizabeth Tudor; or Good Queen Bess; prompt on Elizabeth] <Bentley>

Many Jews that immigrated to the United States had their passports processed at a facility on this island off the coast of New York City.

Ellis Island

Along with her sister Christabelle, this leader of the suffragist movement in Britain controversially halted activities of the Women's Social and Political Union to campaign for the war effort.

Emmeline Pankhurst [or Emmeline Goulden]

This country's greatest landscape gardener is probably Lancelot "Capability" Brown, who designed the garden for its Blenheim Palace. Other residences in this country include Windsor Castle.

England [accept Great Britain or United Kingdom or U.K.]

Haydn's Philosopher Symphony is unique in its scoring for an ensemble of two French horns, strings, and two of these instruments. One of them represents the title bird in Jean Sibelius's The Swan of Tuonela.

English horn [or cor anglais; do not accept "horn"] <Kim>

In the Atrahasis epic, this Sumerian god of freshwater, seawater, and crafts saves humanity by teaching Atrahasis how to survive the flood sent by Enlil. He was later known as Ea.

Enki

Cephalus was once abducted by this jealous goddess of the dawn. This counterpart to the Roman goddess Aurora was also the lover of Tithonus.

Eos <Jose>

Name this orchestral suite that also includes the fairy lullaby "Ye Spotted Snakes." Its wickedly fast scherzo ends on a devilish flute solo.

incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream

Name this immune process in which mast cells release histamine to increase blood flow to an injured region, which then gets red and swells.

inflammation [or word forms]

Name this type of mutation which is defined to have neither a positive nor a negative impact on a species' fitness.

neutral mutation

Name this quantity that was found to not be conserved in the beta decay of cobalt-60.

parity [prompt on p]

Name these ancient Greek contests that, like the Pythian Games, were held every four years.

Olympic Games [accept Olympics]

Name this aromatic amino acid whose side chain consists of a phenol group.

tyrosine [or Y; or Tyr]

The Phillips Curve depicts the trade-off between inflation and this other quantity. Shifts in an economy are responsible for the "structural" form of this phenomenon, which is defined as the percentage of the work force actively seeking work.

unemployment [accept structural unemployment]

Identify this element whose 235 isotope is used for fuel in nuclear reactors.

uranium [or U]

Name this concept that can be represented by lines showing the direction that a force would move a particle in.

vector field

Name this quantity, which is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flowing. It is almost zero for superfluids, such as liquid helium.

viscosity [accept word forms such as viscous]

Name this story in which the title creature is touched all over by the dark skin of his Ethiopian hunting companion so as to be more effective amongst the shadows of the forest.

"How the Leopard Got His Spots"

Identify this sonnet, whose speaker evokes the images of "The broken wall, the burning roof and tower, and Agamemnon dead".

"Leda and the Swan"

Name this story that closes with Mathilde Loiselle learning from her friend Madame Forrestier that the title object was made of paste after she had spent many years working to pay off a debt she accrued to replace it.

"The Necklace" [or "La Parure"]

Identify this poem whose speaker declines "to live with thee and be thy love." This poem is a response to a poem written by Christopher Marlowe.

"The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"

Identify this provincial town which the narrator starts to remember after eating a tea-soaked madeleine. At a wedding, the narrator finally gets to see the Guermantes, the nobility of this town.

Combray

Name this tone poem in which contrasting "Western" and "Eastern" themes depict a caravan being escorted by a patrol of Russian troops.

In the Steppes of Central Asia

Name this Vedic storm god who wielded a thunderbolt called the vajra.

Indra

Name this novelist, who fictionalized her husband William Gordon as successful lawyer Gregory Reeves in her novel The Infinite Plan.

Isabel Allende

Name this gate that was once built into the wall that surrounded Babylon. It is named for a deity.

Ishtar Gate

An early color cartoon from Puck magazine lampooned this presidential candidate as the "tattooed man" whose body was covered in a sea of scandals. His namesake amendments barred government funding for parochial schools.

James G. Blaine [or James Gillespie Blaine]

Identify this country, whose subsequent military campaigns reached a high point when the code words "Tora! Tora! Tora!" were relayed to indicate an operation had been carried out successfully.

Japan

Name this composer of such nationalistic music as the Karelia Suite and Finlandia.

Jean Sibelius [or Johan Julius Christian Sibelius]

Name this artist, whom Andre Breton called "probably the most Surrealist of us all." The hole in the stomach of the title figure of this artist's Harlequin's Carnival is a reference to the hunger-induced hallucinations which inspired the painting.

Joan Miro [or Joan Miro i Ferra]

This author discusses a novus ordo seclorum, or new world order, in one of his poems sometimes interpreted as a prophecy about the coming of Christ. A poem attributed to him called Moretum used a variant of the phrase e pluribus unum.

Virgil [or Publius Vergilius Maro]

Name this war during which British women over thirty gained the right to vote via the 1918 Representation of the People Act.

World War I [or the Great War]

Name this Greek historian who was one of the leaders of a group of mercenaries called the Ten Thousand. Their march north is discussed in this author's Anabasis.

Xenophon of Athens

The death of the primeval cow Gavaevodata, as well as the prominence of Mohor, or the Moon, are commemorated on the days of the calendar of this dualistic religion, started by and named for a Persian prophet.

Zoroastrianism [or Mazdaism; or Mazdayasna; or Magianism]

Name this dimensionless quantity which represents the non-ideal interactions between two components in a liquid solution.

activity coefficient [do not accept or prompt on "activity"]

Jain monks sometimes sweep the ground in front of them to avoid injuring insects, in accordance with this principle of non-violence common to Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism.

ahimsa [prompt on translations such as non-injury]

Name this type of instrument which is often sounded from Christian church towers to announce religious services.

bells

Name this theory described in an article by James Wilson and George Kelling. It argues that reducing the rate of smaller crimes in urban areas will reduce the rate of bigger crimes.

broken windows theory

Name this simple sorting algorithm that checks to see if two elements of a list are in order and swaps them if they are not. It proceeds down the list and repeats until no swaps have been made on a single pass.

bubble sort [or sinking sort]

Identify this type of French mounted infantry, named for the short-barreled firearm they carried. The practice of placing these troops in Huguenot homes has led their name to become an English verb.

dragoons

Name this embryonic developmental process of several rapid cell divisions in the absence of cell growth. During it, the zygote turns into the morula, then the blastula.

embryonic cleavage

Irrigation canals were dug in order to control and store the water generated from this annual event. Egyptians would plant their crops in October after the end of this event.

flooding of the Nile [or obvious equivalents indicating the overflow or inundation of the Nile River; prompt on floods]

Name this sort of fruit that the speaker of "This is Just to Say" admits to taking from the icebox even though "you were probably saving [them] for breakfast."

plums

Name these positive or negative attitudes towards individuals simply based on their membership in some group. Its name literally means "pre-judgment."

prejudices

Name this philosopher who argued that revealed religion contributes to the development of humanity in his Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (FICK-tuh)

Name this character who is killed at the end of Robert Bolt's play A Man for All Seasons. This real-life author wrote a book in which Raphael Hythlodaeus describes the communistic society on the title fictional island.

Thomas More

Name this kind of geometry, in which all lines meet at two antipodes.

spherical geometry

This first Treasury Secretary was killed in the aforementioned duel with Aaron Burr at Weehawken.

Alexander Hamilton

Identify this state, the first in each presidential election cycle to hold a caucus.

Iowa

Mark David Chapman killed this member of the Beatles in December 1980.

John Winston Lennon [or John Ono Lennon] <Bentley>

Identify this kingdom ruled from Seringapatam by Tipu Sultan.

Kingdom of Mysore

"Ozymandias" is a poem by this Romantic author of "Ode to the West Wind".

Percy Bysshe Shelley

Name these New York State laws of the 1970s, named for a governor with the first name Nelson.

Rockefeller Drug Laws

Virgil shows this Florentine author the various levels of Purgatory in The Divine Comedy.

Dante Alighieri [accept either underlined name]

Name this city once governed by Karl Lueger, who declared "it is up to me to decide who is a Jew."

Vienna [or Wien]

Name this method of dosage compensation that forms structures called Barr bodies.

X chromosome inactivation [or lyonization]

Name this common law right, which allows a private citizen to detain someone who has committed a misdemeanor or a felony.

citizen's arrest

Name this academic discipline that studies the past.

history

This satirical essay by Swift argues that the consumption of babies would decrease the number of papists and help solve poverty problems in Ireland.

"A Modest Proposal"

"Sophocles appears in this poem by Matthew Arnold whose speaker contemplates the loss of religious faith in the modern world. This poem begins by stating "the sea is calm tonight."

"Dover Beach"

Name this poem which lists "boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, and all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave" as examples of "paths of glory that lead to the grave."

"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"

As the title "Lazarushian-leather" water carrier of this Kipling poem is dying, the speaker declares, "Though I've belted you and flayed you, by the living Gawd that made you, you're a better man than I am".

"Gunga Din" <Bentley>

Tolstoy's other short works includes this story, in which Pahom collapses while trying to acquire property from the Bashkirs. Ironically, "six feet of Earth" is the answer to this story's title question.

"How Much Land Does a Man Need?" [or "How Much Land Does a Man Require?"; or "Mnogo li cheloveku zemli nuzhno?"]

Barth's Night-Sea Journey uses a sperm cell who says "I have seen the best swimmers of my generation go under" to parody this poem, the subject of a 1957 obscenity trial, which debuted at the Six Gallery reading.

"Howl" <Cheng>

Zola's other nonfiction includes this letter addressed to Félix Faure, which criticizes him for his handling of the Dreyfus case.

"J'Accuse" <Jose>

"Name this poem about a boy who uses a "vorpal sword" to hunt a creature with "jaws that bite" and "claws that catch."

"Jabberwocky"

Name this sonnet whose speaker compares himself to "stout Cortez" staring at the Pacific "with eagle eyes" after reading a translation of an epic poem.

"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer"

Name this poem which, in 1967, was cut down to just the lines "I too dislike it. Reading it, however, with a perfect contempt for it, one discovers in it, after all, a place for the genuine."

"Poetry"

Name this military man whose last words, "Let us cross over the river, and rest under the shade of the trees," may have been a reference to his West Virginian childhood.

"Stonewall" Jackson [or Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson]

Name this poem, which opens by describing how Nature "speaks a various language" to those who commune with her "visible forms."

"Thanatopsis"

"Name this poem about the residents of "Sweet Auburn...where health and plenty cheered the laboring swain." The former inhabitants of the title place are forced into exile in "new found worlds."

"The Deserted Village"

Name this founding text of an art movement, which proclaims that "a roaring motor car... is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace."

"The Futurist Manifesto" [or "Manifesto of Futurism"; or "Manifesto del Futurismo"]

Maupassant's other short stories includes this unusually supernatural tale, in which the narrator comes to believe he is being tormented by the title vampiric creature.

"The Horla" [or "La Horla"] <Jose>

Name this song which proclaims, "Arise, ye workers from your slumber ... for reason in revolt now thunders."

"The International" [or "L'Internationale" or "Internatsional"]

Name this poem by T. S. Eliot that begins "Let us go then you and I" and proceeds to relate the awkward musings of the title character.

"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

Identify this short story about Westchester County resident Neddy Merrill's journeys through his neighborhood's backyards.

"The Swimmer"

In this short story by Jack London, an unnamed man dies of cold after repeatedly performing the title action in the Yukon. The husky in this story runs off toward some "food-providers" at its conclusion.

"To Build a Fire" <Jose>

References to spring, as well as summer, autumn, and winter, recur in this Cummings poem, whose title character marries "noone." This poem's parenthetical second line reads "with up so floating many bells down."

"anyone lived in a pretty how town"

Name both the lower bound and the upper bound on measurements of heritability. Elsewhere in social science, these are the lower and upper bounds on R^2 ("R squared") in simple linear regression.

0.0 and 1.0, inclusive <Jackson>

Hogarth satirized the fashions of this century with the etching Five Orders of Periwigs. During his career in this century, Hogarth was insulted when King George II rejected his painting The March to Finchley.

18th century [or 1700s]

Simone Veil oversaw the legalization of abortion in this decade, during which the International Women's Year occurred. In Spain, the ban on contraceptives was lifted after Francisco Franco's death in this decade.

1970s

For a system in a rotating reference frame, the magnitude of the force is equal to the magnitude of the cross product of the angular velocity and linear velocity, times mass, times this constant.

2 [accept negative 2]<Reinstein>

The equipartition theorem explains why this number is multiplied by Boltzmann's constant times absolute temperature to calculate the average kinetic energy of molecules.

3/2 [or 1 ½; or 1.5]

Give the measure in degrees of the latitude north or south of the Equator at which a Foucault pendulum takes exactly two days to return to its original position.

30 degrees

The only one of Bruckner's symphonies to use the harp is his symphony of this number, which is in C minor and is sometimes called "the Apocalyptic."

8 [or eighth] <Gupta>

Thein Sein was criticized after 2012 riots in Rakhine, which heavily implicated this anti-Islamic Buddhist group led by Ashin Wirathu.

969 Movement <Reinstein>

Name this work, which argues that time and space are not infinitely divisible. Some of this text was later reworked into its author's later Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.

A Treatise of Human Nature[: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects]

Peter Gould's book The Slow Plague discusses the spread of this disease in Subsaharan Africa. In Swaziland, more than a quarter of the population is affected with HIV, the virus that causes this syndrome.

AIDS or Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome

Name this leader of the Nazi party, who was condemned by Pope Pius XI in the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge or With Burning Concern.

Adolf Hitler

While living in Vienna as a homeless failed artist, this future dictator and author of Mein Kampf was probably inspired by Karl Lueger's rhetoric.

Adolf Hitler

The Dardanelles connects the Sea of Marmara to this marginal sea of the Mediterranean, which lies in between Turkey and Greece.

Aegean Sea

The Négritude movement advocated for a shared racial consciousness among residents of this continent and those who are part of its worldwide diaspora.

Africa

In 1976, another wave of black protests began with the Soweto Uprising, in which black students protested being taught this language, the native tongue of H.F Verwoerd and P.W. Botha.

Afrikaans [prompt on Dutch] <Wang>

Hercule Poirot (her-KYUEL pwah-ROW), who deduces that a whole group of people were responsible for the death of Mr. Ratchett, appears in this author's novel Murder on the Orient Express. She also created the sleuth Miss Jane Marple.

Agatha Christie [or Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie; or Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller] <Jose>

Süssmayr claimed to have written the Sanctus and this other section of Mozart's Requiem. Its title creature is said to "take away the sins of the world", and it repeats the line "dona eis requiem".

Agnus Dei [prompt on Lamb of God] <Kim>

The Book of Primordial Creation or Bundahishn claims that Ahura Mazda and this evil god of Zoroastrianism fought each other for 3000 years, or a tri-millennium.

Ahriman [or Angra Mainyu]

The second movement of Bach's Orchestral Suite No. 3 is best known from this August Wilhelmj arrangement for violin and piano to be performed in the title manner.

Air on the G String <Kim>

The Red Mountain found near Birmingham, the largest city of this state, was a major source of iron ore. This state's capital is Montgomery.

Alabama

Bizarre narrative techniques, such as describing a picture of three soldiers in a setting and then shifting the narrative to focus on those three soldiers, comprise this man's disorienting novel In the Labyrinth. This author's Jealousy and The Erasers exemplify his idea of the noveau roman.

Alain Robbe-Grillet <Jose>

The so-called "fine-tuning" problem that asks why the universe is so flat was possibly solved by this physicist, who proposed the theory of cosmic inflation.

Alan Guth <Jose>

One of the most frequently cited undecidable problems, the halting problem, asks if a model named for this British computer scientist will terminate on a given input. A tape, a head, a state register, and a table comprise that model, this man's namesake "machine."

Alan Mathison Turing [accept Turing machine]

Another Conscience Whig was Thurlow Weed, who once published The Register from this city. A political machine based in this city was dominated by William Marcy and Martin Van Buren.

Albany <Bentley>

Name this psychologist, who had children observe an individual yell "sock him" as the individual punched the namesake toy in the Bobo Doll experiment.

Albert Bandura

An 18th-century rebel leader who took Tupac's name was in turn the namesake of the radical group which seized the Japanese embassy during the tenure of this president of Peru. This man of Japanese descent created death squads to combat the Shining Path insurgency.

Alberto Fujimori [Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto] <Jose>

This man served as Plessy's lawyer. His time as a carpetbagger inspired his novel A Fool's Errand and he took a hard stand against the KKK as editor of The Continent.

Albion Wingar Tourgée <Bentley>

This British novelist advocated perennialism in an anthology called The Perennial Philosophy. He also described his spiritual experiences on mescaline in The Doors of Perception.

Aldous Leonard Huxley

The western terminus of the Silk Road was this largest city in Syria. The world's largest covered market, the Souq Al-Madina could be found in this city and was its major marketplace.

Aleppo

This Russian composer wrote In the Steppes of Central Asia and included the "Polovetsian Dances" in his unfinished opera Prince Igor.

Alexander Borodin [or Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin]

Many of this artist's works, such as Lobster Trap and Fishtail and Flamingo, hang from the air and are called "mobiles."

Alexander Calder

The first European to document the fertilizing properties of guano was this polymath, who published the text Kosmos and wrote a major political essay on the Kingdom of New Spain.

Alexander von Humboldt <Wang>

Name this emperor who fought against Robert Guiscard and the Normans at the Battle of Dyrrachium. He also sent ambassadors to meet with Pope Urban II at the Council of Piacenza.

Alexios I Komnenos [or Alexius I Comnenus]

This psychologist's namesake scale, which ranges from 0-6, suggests that sexuality is not merely binary. His namesake "Reports" are two books on the nature of sex based on interviews he conducted with thousands of men and women.

Alfred Charles Kinsey <Jose>

A bloody assault on Blum led the government to ban Action Francaise, a right-wing organization which had originally sprung up during the "affair" over this Jewish officer accused of selling secrets to Germany.

Alfred Dreyfus <Brownstein>

This industrialist's smokeless powder Ballistite largely replaced gunpowder as a propellant for small firearms. This Swede also invented dynamite and established a set of annual prizes.

Alfred Nobel [or Alfred Bernhard Nobel]

Identify this novel by Erich Maria Remarque about Paul Baumer, who is ultimately killed by a stray bullet in the trenches fighting in World War I.

All Quiet on the Western Front [or Im Westen nichts Neues]

This thought experiment imagines people chained to a wall inside the namesake location, who believe the shadows they watch constitute all of life. When freed, they are forced to conclude the outside world is superior.

Allegory of the Cave

The persistence of mass starvation despite the Green Revolution has been studied by this Indian economist in books such as Poverty and Famines.

Amartya Sen <Wang>

Tsukuyomi, the brother of this female kami, killed Uke Mochi because he was so disgusted with her unsanitary food preparation. This goddess once hid inside a cave after her brother vandalized her rice fields, and had to be lured out with Uzume's dancing.

Amaterasu [or Amaterasu Omikami] <Jose>

Name this buddha, who rules over the Western Paradise. According to a certain branch of Buddhism, chanting this man's name repeatedly allows one to enter the Western Paradise.

Amitabha Buddha [or Amida Buddha or Amitayus Buddha]

Name this author, whose novels include The Revolt of the Angels and Penguin Island. He won the 1921 Nobel Prize in literature for his "Gallic temperament."

Anatole France [or Francois-Anatole Thibault]

Veronese designed frescoes for a villa built by this architect for Daniele Barbaro. This architect's plan for an oculus over the portal of the church of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice was not realized by the men who completed the building after his death.

Andrea Palladio [or Andrea di Pietro della Gondola] <Bentley>

This president clashed with Biddle and ultimately defunded the Second Bank. This president nicknamed "Old Hickory" once fought a duel over his wife Rachel.

Andrew Jackson <Bentley>

A 2015 paper by this man and his wife Anne Case claimed to show that mortality rates were rising among middle-aged white people. This economist won the 2015 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for work on consumption and welfare.

Angus Stewart Deaton

Name this scholastic thinker, who wrote a "dialectic" between justice and mercy in the 9th, 10th, and 11th chapters of most famous work, which introduced his motto of "faith seeking understanding."

Anselm of Canterbury

This scientist improved his country's supply of gunpowder after being appointed to the Gunpowder Commission in 1775. Guillotined during the Reign of Terror, this scientist weighed closed vessels of gas to disprove Phlogiston theory.

Antoine Lavoisier [or Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier] <Bentley>

Name this Austrian composer who composed a "Hunt Scherzo" for his E-flat major fourth symphony, which was nicknamed for its evocation of medieval legends, not love.

Anton Bruckner

Name this composer of The Contest Between Harmony and Invention.

Antonio Vivaldi [or Antonio Lucio Vivaldi]

Name this god who weighed a dead person's heart to see if their soul would venture into the afterlife or be eaten by a monstrous demon named Ammit. He was depicted with the head of a jackal.

Anubis

During the 18th century, the Comanche entered the Southern Great Plains and displaced this other Native American tribe. A leader of this tribe succeeded Mangas Coloradas and surrendered to Nelson Miles in Skeleton Canyon in 1886.

Apache

The capital of San Marino, which is also named San Marino, is largely built on Monte Titano, a mountain in this range that runs through most of Italy.

Apennines [or Appennini]

The Hasselblad Company let the world know that astronaut William Anders used one of its cameras to take the iconic Earthrise photograph on this first manned mission to leave Earth's orbit.

Apollo 8 [prompt on Apollo]

Pollaiuolo depicted these two figures in the middle of the transformation described in the Metamorphoses. A Bernini sculpture depicts both of these figures mid-stride on a rocky base, with the male grabbing the female's waist.

Apollo and Daphne [or Daphne and Apollo] <Bentley>

Hebe was also responsible for drawing the baths for this Greek god of war.

Ares <Carson>

Nausicaa's mother is this queen of Scheria. She advises Jason and Medea to marry in one myth, and she shares her name with a Greek word for "moral virtue."

Arete <Jose>

Buenos Aires is the largest city of this country, which is bordered to the west by Chile. It sits at the mouth of the Río de la Plata.

Argentina

This Greek "father of ancient comedy" wrote the The Clouds and The Knights, as well as The Birds.

Aristophanes <Alston>

Indra was the father of this hero of the Mahabharata, the third of the Pandava brothers. A conversation between this warrior and his charioteer Krishna makes up the Bhagavad Gita.

Arjuna [or Arjun]

Procris was a favorite of this goddess, who gave her a javelin that never missed its mark. This goddess of the hunt was the sister of Apollo.

Artemis [or Diana]

Name this treatise written by Kautilya that argues a ruler's sole goal is to increase his own political power. It suggests implementing a system of spies and proposes different military regimens.

Arthashastra

This historian used the private papers of RFK to write the biography Robert Kennedy and His Times. He chronicled the short presidency of JFK in his Pulitzer Prize-winning A Thousand Days.

Arthur Schlesinger Jr. <Jose>

After Apollo's lover Coronis slept with a man named Ischys, he immolated her, though not before he could pull his child from her womb. The child grew up to be this god of medicine and healing.

Asclepius [or Aesculapius] <Jose>

Name this realm from Norse mythology, the home of the Aesir. It is ruled by Odin.

Asgard

Guano declined in importance as a fertilizer after Chile began to mine large amounts of nitrogen-rich saltpeter in this extremely dry South America desert, which lies west of the Andes.

Atacama Desert

This Greek goddess of wisdom accidentally killed her friend Pallas as a youth, and thus took the name as an epithet to commemorate her.

Athena [or Athene; accept Pallas Athena]

In antiquity, many geographers believed in the existence of a submerged continent of this name, which was described in Plato's dialogue Timaeus.

Atlantis

Romulus Augustulus was the son of Orestes, a Pannonian nobleman who entered the court of this leader of the Huns after his land was captured. This man's army was halted at the Battle of Chalons.

Attila the Hun

The history of the piano figures heavily into this author's play The Piano Lesson; other plays from his Pittsburgh Cycle include Radio Golf.

August Wilson [or Frederick August Kittel Jr.]

A proof of the AM-GM inequality using both backwards and forwards induction was given by this French mathematician, who also co-names another inequality about the inner product operation with Hermann Schwarz.

Augustin-Louis Cauchy <Jose>

Name this Nicaraguan guerrilla leader, nicknamed El Chipotle, who was kidnapped and murdered by members of his country's National Guard in 1934 after meeting with President Juan Bautista Sacasa.

Augusto Cesar Sandino [or Augusto Calderon Sandino or Augusto Nicolas Sandino]

Name this leader who took financial advice from a group nicknamed the Chicago boys. He came to power in 1973 following a coup that overthrew Salvador Allende.

Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte

In his role as prime minister, Thein Sein released this Nobel Peace Prize laureate from house arrest. This woman, who claims to control Htin Kyaw, cannot become president because her sons and former husband are British.

Aung San Suu Kyi

The hair relic was installed in the Hazratbal shrine by this Mughal emperor. This man imprisoned his father Shah Jahan after defeating his brother Dara Shikoh in a civil war.

Aurangzeb [or Aurangzib or Awrangzib or Alamgir of Muhi al-Din Muhammad]

The Dreamtime is a key feature of the creation myths of this island country's Aboriginal natives.

Australia

In some stories, Arthur was only mortally wounded at the Battle of Camlann. Rather than dying, he was taken by Morgan le Fay to this legendary island.

Avalon

Huitzilopochtli was the war god of this Mesoamerican people. He served as the patron deity of their city of Tenochtitlan.

Aztecs [or Mexicas] <Jose>

The followers of this 18th-century mystical rabbi became known as the Hasidim. After receiving a vision from Elijah on his sixteenth birthday, this man preached a monistic view of God in what is now western Ukraine.

Ba'al Shem Tov [or Besht; or Yisroel ben Eliezer] <Alston>

Prisoners of the Syrets concentration camp were forced to clean up all signs of a massacre at this ravine outside Kiev, where 33,000 Jews were killed.

Babi Yar

Some perennialist beliefs resemble tenets of this monotheistic religion founded in 19th century Persia, which holds that God reveals religious truth through a series of divine messengers.

Bahá'í faith [or Bahá'iyyah] <Kothari>

Github was targeted by malicious code inserted into this Chinese search engine company. This company's public face is Robin Li and greatly benefited from Google's withdrawal from mainland China.

Baidu, Inc. <Bentley>

Federico II patronized this man, whose most famous book is set over four nights in the court of Elisabetta Gonzaga. He advised readers to avoid flattery and to give the impression of sprezzatura, or "effortlessness," in his Book of the Courtier.

Baldassare Castiglione (cass-teel-YO-nay) <Bentley>

Asgard also contains the hall Breidablik, the home of this pair of deities. They were the parents of Forseti, the god of justice.

Baldr and Nanna [accept the answers in either order; prompt on partial answer] <Jose>

The Memphis Belle was the nickname for one of these "flying fortresses" built by Boeing, which were used during World War II.

Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress <Jose>

Kanishka the Great patronized the creation of two large Buddhist statues in a cliff in this Afghani valley. These two Buddhas were unfortunately destroyed by the Taliban in 2001.

Bamiyan [or Bamyan; accept Bamyan Buddhas or equivalent answers]

This churchman's History of the Indies and other writings were a great source material for Black Legend writers. This man freed the Indians in his parish in 1514 and encouraged other encomenderos to do so as well.

Bartolomé de las Casas

Stonewall Jackson was killed by friendly fire at this battle, in which Robert E. Lee's much smaller army defeated Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac.

Battle of Chancellorsville

The Ten Thousand were originally hired to fight for Cyrus the Younger against his brother Artaxerxes II. Cyrus the Younger died in this battle when his forces were betrayed by Tissaphernes.

Battle of Cunaxa <Jose>

Stonewall Jackson earned his nickname at this battle when, while serving as a lieutenant-general, he repelled the attacks of Irvin McDowell and Robert Patterson.

Battle of First Bull Run [or Battle of First Manassas; prompt on "Bull Run"; prompt on "Manassas"] <Jose>

Sam Houston secured the independence of Texas from Mexico by winning this 20-minute rout, at which the forces of Santa Anna were defeated

Battle of San Jacinto

The Battle of Artemisium was fought at the same time as this land battle, during which Leonidas and his Spartans fended off the armies of Xerxes before being slaughtered.

Battle of Thermopylae

In this classic two-player coordination game, a husband and wife have mutually forgotten whether they will meet at the opera or the football game.

Battle of the Sexes [or Bach or Stravinsky]

Binsfield identified this other demon with gluttony. The Infernal Dictionary gives him the most familiar name of "Lord of the Flies."

Beelzebub <Jose>

Spectophotometers can be used alongside this law to determine the concentration of a sample. This law is written "A equals epsilon b c," where epsilon is the molar absorptivity constant.

Beer's law

In this "phenomenological essay on ontology," Jean-Paul Sartre tries to demonstrate that existence precedes essence by showing that free will exists. In this book, Sartre proposes the concept of "bad faith."

Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology [or L'Être et le néant: Essai d'ontologie phénoménologique] <Jose>

Esperanto enthusiasts tried to establish a "national" language in the post-Napoleonic territory of Neutral Moresnet (moh-ray-NAY), which was set up between Germany and this country. Moresnet is currently a part of this country, like its cities of Antwerp and Brussels.

Belgium

Name this man who was falsely accused of making advances on the Tirynian queen Stheneboea, which prompted her husband King Proetus to try to have him killed. He later accomplished a number of feats with the help of Pegasus.

Bellerophon [or Bellerophontes]

This English composer was a fan of passacaglias, including them in operas like The Turn of the Screw, Billy Budd, and Peter Grimes.

Benjamin Britten [or Edward Benjamin Britten]

The "set" named for this mathematician is an example of a fractal. His paper asking "How long is the coastline of Great Britain?" first proposed the concept of fractals.

Benoit Mandelbrot [accept Mandelbrot set]

The dragon kills this king of the Geats, who provides the title for an epic poem in Old English in which he defeats Grendel and Grendel's mother.

Beowulf

The Siwa Oasis in Egypt lends its name to one of the languages spoken by this ethnic group. Many members of this group prefer the term Amazigh to their common historical name.

Berbers <Jose>

Name this fictional absurdist character, who also appears in the author's other plays The Killer and Rhinoceros.

Berenger

Name this principle relating changes in speed to changes in pressure that is named for a Swiss scientist.

Bernoulli's principle [or Bernoulli's equation]

The "vicious circle principle" is often used to resolve the paradox named after this co-author of Principia Mathematica, which asks whether the set of all sets that do not contain themselves contains itself.

Bertrand Russell [accept Russell's paradox] <Jose>

In Yeats's poem "The Second Coming," the speaker concludes by wondering "what rough beast slouches towards [this city] to be born." A novel by Peter De Vries draws its title from the line but switches this city with Kalamazoo.

Bethlehem <Bentley>

Identify this play, which employs reverse chronology. In its final scene, the literary agent Jerry professes his love for Emma at a party that she holds with her husband Robert.

Betrayal

This ruling Indian party is committed to Hindutva, or Hindu nationalism. This party, led by Narendra Modi, played a role in the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya.

Bharatiya Janata Party [or BJP] <Kothari>

Heimdall stood guard at this structure, which connected Asgard to Midgard, the realm of men. The jotunn used this structure to invade Asgard during Ragnarok.

Bifrost [or Asbru or the rainbow bridge]

Mayonnaise and mustard are this type of non-Newtonian fluid, which is similar to a Newtonian fluid in that the relationship between shearing stress and rate is linear, but this kind of substance will not flow until the yield stress is met.

Bingham plastic [prompt on plastic] <Jose>

Name this month-long celebration of people such as Booker T. Washington and inventor George Washington Carver.

Black History Month [or Negro History Week or National African American History Month]

The Court's inefficiencies are satirized by the glacially-progressing case of Jarndyce v. Jarndyce, which appears in this Charles Dickens novel about Esther Summerson.

Bleak House

Modern proponents of a flat earth theory allegedly include Ustaz Mohammed Yusuf, who founded this group known for its violent actions in the city of Chibok.

Boko Haram <Jose>

The largest city in the Emilia-Romagna region that is north of San Marino is this one. This birthplace of Luigi Galvani is home to the oldest university in the world, which was founded in 1088.

Bologna [or Bulåggna] <Jose>

"The International" was the anthem of this Lenin-led party, the rival of the Mensheviks. It came to dominate Russia following the October Revolution.

Bolsheviks [or Bolshevik Party]

The first problem shown to be NP-complete asks whether or not one of these formulas can be satisfied. In these formulas, variables can be assigned a value of one or zero.

Boolean formula [or Boolean function] <Jose>

An article in the Russian magazine Izvestia criticized the committee for awarding the prize to Alexievich, since every Russian winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature has been a dissident. This author, who wrote about a man who pens love poems to Lara in his only novel, was mentioned as an example.

Boris Pasternak <Jose>

Hicks led opposition to busing in this New England city. An African-American named Crispus Attucks died during a 1770 "massacre" in this city.

Boston

This Egyptian secretary general of the U.N. had to preside over the Somali crisis. During his time leading, he submitted An Agenda for Peace, a proposal on how the U.N. should handle international violence.

Boutros Boutros-Ghali <Jose>

A picture of the "Hanging Judge" Jeffries terrorizes visitors in this author's ghost story "The Judge's House." In a novel by this author, Mina is saved from the title character when Van Helsing and Jonathan Harker kill him.

Bram Stoker

Name this D major piece whose first movement includes a lengthy unaccompanied cadenza for the solo harpsichord.

Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 [prompt on partial answer; accept word forms like the fifth Brandenburg Concerto]

John is the protagonist of this novel by Aldous Huxley. It presents a future in which people learn in their sleep through hypnopaedia and have their fears quelled with "soma."

Brave New World

During the slave trade, perhaps five million people were sent across the Middle Passage to this South American country colonized by Portugal. Escaped slaves from this country formed communities called Quilombos.

Brazil [or Brasil] <Bentley>

George IV helped make this English city a popular seaside destination by building the Royal Pavilion there. Quack doctor Richard Russell convinced people they'd get healthier by bathing in the sea water at this city.

Brighton <Bentley>

The Ziegfeld Follies mostly performed in the district of New York City named for this group of theatres, whose name has become synonymous with the musicals it puts out.

Broadway

In 1907, Albert Einstein claimed that his theory explaining this motion of a particle suspended in a fluid could be used to test the equipartition theorem. The experiment Einstein proposed was successfully carried out by Mark Raizen in 2010.

Brownian motion <Reinstein>

Name this religion founded in India, whose "Mahayana" branch spread into Afghanistan, Bactria and other western regions in part by the Silk Road.

Buddhism [or Mahayana Buddhism or equivalent answers]

Name this so-called "Paris of the South," which is home to the world's largest opera house, the Teatro Colón. The Pink House, or La Casa Rosada, in this city houses its country's president.

Buenos Aires

The Alexiad also discusses Alexios's reluctant execution of a leader of the Bogomils, a dualistic heresy that originated among these people. Basil II earned his nickname by defeating these people at Kleidon.

Bulgarians [or Bulgars; or Balgari] <Brownstein>

Perhaps the most memorable scene of this movie set in San Francisco features Steve McQueen's character driving his Mustang to chase a henchman's Charger.

Bullitt

Name this Julio-Claudian emperor who came to power in 37 AD after succeeding his adoptive father Tiberius.

Caligula [or Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; do not prompt on partial answers]

King Arthur held his court at this castle, the site of the Round Table.

Camelot

The small iron agogo bell is used in some rituals of this syncretic Brazilian religion based on Yoruba, Bantu, and Fon traditions. Like Umbanda, this religion's followers venerate a major god called Oludumaré.

Candomblé <Brownstein>

Rochberg's many quotation-heavy postmodernist works include his sixth string quartet, which contains a set of variations on this Johann Pachelbel piece originally paired with a gigue (zheeg).

Canon in D

Name this Italian castle outside of which Henry IV kneeled for three days in the snow. That penitential "walk" to this castle resulted in Gregory VII briefly reversing Henry's excommunication.

Canossa

The government run by Simon de Montfort after the Battle of Lewes was set up in a treaty named for this city. A murder in this city allegedly occurred after a king asked his knights, "Who will rid me of this troublesome priest?"

Canterbury

Name this man who also founded the Academie Francaise. On the Day of the Dupes, he survived an ouster attempt orchestrated by Marie de Medici.

Cardinal Richelieu [or Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal-Duke of Richelieu and of Fronsac]

Name this Danish composer who called for two dueling sets of timpani in that fourth symphony, which is called the "Inextinguishable."

Carl Nielsen [or Carl August Nielsen]

Another influential method for music education was developed by this German composer of the cantata Carmina Burana.

Carl Orff

Name this Pennsylvania boarding school established by Richard Pratt whose mission was to "Kill the Indian in him, and save the man".

Carlisle Indian Industrial School [or United States Indian Industrial School]

Name this thermodynamic cycle comprised of two isothermal and two adiabatic steps where a gas expands and contracts. It has the highest efficiency of any possible heat engine.

Carnot cycle

Name this painter whose painting The Stages of Life parallels the ages of five people in the foreground with the distances of the five ships visible in the background.

Caspar David Friedrich

111 people were killed by the 1947 explosion of a coalmine in a town of this name in Illinois. A fire has been burning in a mine under a Pennsylvania town of this name since 1962, resulting in the abandonment of the area.

Centralia <Bentley>

Le Corbusier's idea of a Radiant City, replete with high-rise apartments, was put into practice with his design for this planned city of India. This city also features the largest of his Open Hand sculptures.

Chandigarh <Bentley>

The Arthashastra's policy of lobhavijayin, or conquest out of greed, inspired this founder of the Mauryan Empire to attack and annex almost all of the non-Tamil regions of India.

Chandragupta Maurya

Name this author, who whose other depression-inspired works includes the line "Our brains teem with a race of Fiends, who frolic / Thick as a million worm guts." That line appears in one of his poems which calls a "reader" a "hypocrite" and "my twin."

Charles Baudelaire

Name this English king who was beheaded in 1649 after losing a civil war to Oliver Cromwell.

Charles I [prompt on Charles]

This American founder of pragmatism discussed the merits of the scientific method in his article "The Fixation of Belief." Popular Science Monthly also published his article "How to Make Our Ideas Clear."

Charles Sanders Pierce <Jose>

This Conscience Whig was a brother-in-law of the leader of the Cotton Whigs, Nathan Appleton. He was caned by Preston Brooks after giving the "Crime Against Kansas" speech.

Charles Sumner

In Combray, a path known as this man's "way" is the main alternative to one that passes by the Guermantes. This character is the father of Gilberte, the narrator's Parisian playmate, and made a bad marriage to Odette de Crecy.

Charles Swann [or Charles Swann]

At the 1266 Battle of Benevento, the Guelfs backed a brother of Louis IX of France with this name from Anjou. A king of this name known as the "great" was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas Day by Leo III.

Charles [or Carolus Magnus; or Charlemagne] <Bentley>

Another organ toccata is the finale in this French composer's Organ Symphony No. 5, which is often played at wedding recessionals. He also composed nine other organ symphonies.

Charles-Marie Widor (vee-DORE) <Lee>

Jane Eyre was written by this author, whose sister Emily wrote Wuthering Heights and whose other sister Anne wrote The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.

Charlotte Bronte <Jose>

Cobalt was added to the blue stained glass pieces found in this cathedral in northwest France. This cathedral with Gothic and Romanesque elements is paired with Mont Saint-Michel in a book by Henry Adams.

Chartres Cathedral [or Notre-Dame de Chartres; or Our Lady of Chartres]

The detectors at Super-Kamiokande use detectors named for this effect in which particles travel faster than the speed of light in the medium they are in.

Cherenkov

The Susquehanna River flows into this estuary at Havre de Grace (HAVE-er duh GRACE), Maryland, the largest bay in the U.S.

Chesapeake Bay

The MAREZ territories are strongholds of Zapatista rebels in this southernmost Mexican state, which borders Veracruz and Tabasco.

Chiapas

Identify this country which also operates the Great Firewall to suppress information about topics critical of Xi Jinping's administration.

China [or People's Republic of China or PRC]

Name this trail that ended in Abilene and was used to drive cattle north to the railways.

Chisholm Trail

Name this painting whose title figure rides a donkey behind a giant procession of garishly colored men and women. A banner reading "Vive la Sociale" hangs over the scene in this painting.

Christ's Entry into Brussels in 1889 [or Entry of Christ into Brussels or L'Entrée du Christ à Bruxelles]

The Laxdaela Saga and Njal's Saga are both set during Iceland's transition from paganism to this other religion.

Christianity [or Catholicism] <Brownstein>

Name this woman who discussed the deeds of worthy historical women in the allegorical The Book of the City of Ladies.

Christine de Pisan [prompt on Christine]

101 British suffragists signed a 1914 open letter of this name calling for the end of World War I. A 1914 "truce" by this name involved widespread but unofficial ceasefires along the trenches of the Western Front.

Christmas [or Open Christmas Letter; or Christmas Truce] <Brownstein>

Picus was turned into a woodpecker by this figure, who in another tradition lived on the isle of Aeaea. Hermes gave a hero the herb moly to combat this villain's magic.

Circe [or Kirke] <Jose>

Samuel Richardson also wrote this novel, sometimes considered to be the English language's longest, in which Robert Lovelace convinces the title character to elope with him but later makes her his prisoner.

Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady

This French composer wrote Petite suite, Suite bergamasque, and La mer.

Claude Debussy [or Achille-Claude Debussy] <Lifshitz>

The Haystacks series was painted by this French artist, whose painting Impression Sunrise lends its name to the Impressionism school.

Claude Monet

Zenobia compared herself to this Egyptian monarch when refusing an invitation to surrender at the siege of Palmyra. This woman and her lover Mark Antony were defeated at the Battle of Actium.

Cleopatra [or Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator; or Cleopatra the Father-Loving Goddess]

Mark Studdock is taken into The Objective Room, where paintings devour his sanity, in this author's That Hideous Strength, the final entry in his Space Trilogy. This author also wrote a novel consisting of letters written to the bureaucrat Wormwood by his uncle.

Clive Staples Lewis <Jose>

Eumetazoa is usually said to encompass bilaterally symmetric organisms, ctenophores, and this other invertebrate phylum, which is radially symmetric. Its members include jellyfish and corals.

Cnidaria [or cnidarians]

In this colony, the indentured servant John Punch became one of the first Africans sentenced to slavery in the English colonies. Many residents of a settlement in this larger colony perished during the Starving Time.

Colony of Virginia

Name this Native American tribe known for leading horse raids on Mexican and Texan settlements during the early 19th century.

Comanche

This Gershwin piece, also scored for piano and orchestra, begins with four timpani strokes, followed by a loud chord played by cymbals and woodwinds.

Concerto in F <Gupta>

The Fourth Party, a group of four members of this British political party, opposed Bradlaugh's attempts to gain a seat in Parliament. This party's principles were outlined in the Tamworth Manifesto, written by its leader Robert Peel.

Conservative Party [or Tory Party]

Long hair is one of the few features distinguishing the woman from the man in a sculpture by this artist titled The Kiss. He created the Table of Silence for a complex at Targu Jiu.

Constantin Brâncuși (brin-KOOSH)

To rule on the Donatist matter, this ruler appointed Miltiades, who concluded that the sacraments were actually valid contra the Donatists. A document in the False Decretals claims that this man gave the Western Roman Empire to the Pope.

Constantine the Great [or Constantine I] <Jose>

Name this city, the largest on the island of Zealand. The Øresund (ER-uh-sohn) Bridge connects Malmö with this other port city.

Copenhagen [or København (kuh-bin-HOWN)]

Name this character, whose death causes her father to shout "Never! Never! Never! Never! Never!" and state "Look on her, look, her lips," before he too also dies.

Cordelia

In the years before and after each Olympic Games, a games was held on the isthmus outside of this city. This city names a war which it fought against Sparta with Thebes, Athens, and Argos.

Corinth <Jose>

This "terror of Klosterberg", who before the war had worked in the postal service, torments Paul and his companions in training camp. Paul and Kropp once dump a latrine bucket on his legs as a prank.

Corporal Himmelstoss

Name this character who frequently assists in his master's "hobby-horse" of reenacting historical battles.

Corporal Trim

Name this big band formed by a namesake jazz pianist in Missouri, which recorded the albums E = MC^2 ("e equals m c squared") and One O'Clock Jump.

Count Basie Orchestra [or the Basie Band]

Name this sorceress who killed her mother Coatlicue (KWOT-lee-kway) after she learned that she was impregnated with a ball of feathers. After she was dismembered and decapitated, her head became the moon.

Coyolxauhqui (koh-yohl-SHAO-kee)

Name these kinds of Greeks. One of these people named Epimenides claimed that all of them are liars.

Cretans [accept equivalents indicating "people from Crete"]

The plot of Idomeneo was influenced by this composer whose Iphigénie en Aulide also depicts a person almost being sacrificed to the gods. This man also wrote Orfeo ed Euridice.

Cristoph Willibald Gluck

Reynolds's paintings of this deity include one where he unfastens a goddesses' girdle. This god features in a painting whose background figures include a boy throwing rose petals and a girl with a serpent's tail holding a honeycomb.

Cupid [or Eros or Cupido] <Bentley>

A life-size statue of the cult figure Attis depicted him holding a pomegranate in one hand and a shepherd's crook in the other. Attis was the consort of this Phrygian-Greek mother goddess, who was adopted by the Romans as Magna Mater.

Cybele [or Kybebe; or Kybelis] <Jose>

Xenophon also wrote a fictionalized biography of this king, who conquered the Median Empire, Babylonia, and Lydia to found the Persian Achaemenid Empire.

Cyrus the Great [or Cyrus II; or Cyrus the Elder; or Kurosh; prompt on Cyrus]

Holden believes that this brother of his, the author of the short story "The Secret Goldfish," is a phony since he sold out to write screenplays for Hollywood. This character landed on the beaches during D-Day and claimed the army is "full of bastards."

D. B. Caulfield

This man committed the only unsolved skyjacking in American history. He extorted $200,000 and parachuted off of a plane with the money; neither his body nor most of the money were ever found.

D. B. Cooper [or Dan Cooper]

The purity of this substance can be tested by using spectophotometry to measure the A260/280 ratio. Treating this substance with bisulfite is used to determine where methyl groups have been added to it.

DNA [or deoxyribonucleic acid] <Busse>

Name these enzymes which relieve the torsional strain of DNA caused by helicase during replication. Gyrase is a member of this family of enzymes.

DNA topoisomerases

One Door of No Return memorial is located in modern-day Benin, the site of this African kingdom. The Europeans who obtained slaves from the rulers of this kingdom referred to this kingdom's female warriors as "Amazons."

Dahomey

Adama Ndiaye founded a fashion week in this city to compete with similar European events in cities like Milan and Paris. This city's island of Goree housed a major slave trading port under the Wolof dynasty.

Dakar, Senegal <Kothari>

Name this mytho-historical person who was invited to a banquet by Dionysius, where he sat on a throne above which hung a sword suspended by a single hair.

Damocles

Eros cursed Apollo to fall in love with this nymph, who continuously rebuffed him. Her father Peneus turned her into a laurel tree so that she could escape Apollo.

Daphne

Some Scots founded a settlement of this name in Georgia in 1736. A notorious scheme of this name to colonize Panama bankrupted Scotland in the late 17th century and led to the Act of Union.

Darien <Bentley>

Name this man who began a shooting rampage in 1976. Laws named for this man prevent criminals from profiting from their crimes.

David Berkowitz [or Son of Sam; or Richard David Falco; or the .44 Caliber Killer; do not accept "Sam"]

Name this essayist whose other works include a profile of John McCain called "Up, Simba," which is collected in a book whose title essay, "Consider the Lobster," describes a festival in Maine.

David Foster Wallace

In A Treatise of Human Nature, this Scottish philosopher states that he often plays a game of backgammon to cure himself of philosophical melancholy and skepticism.

David Hume

Identify this profanity-loving American playwright of Glengarry Glen Ross and American Buffalo.

David Mamet [or David Alan Mamet]

Name this revolt that took place during the reign of Nicholas I. At the height of this revolt, rebels gathered in Senate Square to swear loyalty to its namesake constitution.

Decembrist revolt [or Decembrist uprising; or Vosstanie dekabristov]

Leto spent nine days and nights in labor on this floating island before the arrival of Eileithyia finally allowed her to give birth to Apollo and his sister.

Delos

Most of the gods detected the use of human meat; however, this goddess absent-mindedly ate Pelops's shoulder, as she was distracted by grieving for her recently-abducted daughter Persephone.

Demeter [or Ceres]

Copenhagen is the most populous city of this European country, which is north of Germany. The Faroe Islands and Greenland were given to this country by the Treaty of Kiel.

Denmark [or Danmark]

The original Las Meninas was painted by this Spanish master of The Surrender of Breda.

Diego Velazquez [or Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez] <Bentley>

Name this algorithm which finds the shortest path for any starting point to any collection of endpoints. It is named for a Dutch computer scientist.

Dijkstra's algorithm

This emperor's palace in modern-day Split, Croatia, is partly based on the design of villas. This emperor tried to stabilize the Roman economy by issuing the Edict on Maximum Prices.

Diocletian [or Diocles; or Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus]

This Soviet composer, a principal character in William T. Vollmann's novel Europe Central, had his Seventh Symphony, the Leningrad Symphony, broadcast by the Leningrad Radio Orchestra while the city was still under siege.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

This 17th century play's title character asks "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships?" of the shade of Helen of Troy. This play's title character also strikes a bargain with Mephistophilis.

Doctor Faustus [or The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus]

Lope de Vega wrote a play titled for the "flowers" of this character, who also appears in Tirso de Molina's The Trickster of Seville. The story of this legendary seducer often ends with him being dragged to hell by a statue.

Don Juan [or Don Giovanni] <Brownstein>

Name this novel. A sketch by Pablo Picasso uses scribbled black lines to depict the silhouettes of this novel's two main characters under a shining sun.

Don Quixote [or The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha or El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha]

Name this heresy originating in North Africa, which held that priests who had previously made sacrifices to Roman emperors and pagan gods could not administer sacraments.

Donatism [or Donatists and other word forms]

This woman used her connections at Life to help fund Edward Steichen's The Family of Man exhibit. While working for the Farm Security Administration, she took the photograph Migrant Mother.

Dorothea Lange <Jose>

Mervyn Bunter is the valet of amateur sleuth Lord Peter Death (DEETH) Bredon Wimsey, who solves bizarre crimes in The Nine Tailors and Gaudy Night, two novels by this author who was also acclaimed for her translation of Dante.

Dorothy Sayers [or Dorothy Leigh Sayers]

Give this term for the era during which supernatural beings roamed the earth and formed the Earth's physical features.

Dreamtime [or Dreaming]

In Parliament, Bradlaugh protested the 4,000 pound pension awarded annually to the holder of this ducal title. A husband of Sarah Jennings with this ducal title won the Battles of Oudenarde and Malplaquet.

Duke of Marlborough <Bentley>

Adela Quested and Ms. Moore are guided around India by Dr. Aziz in this author's novel A Passage To India. He also wrote A Room with a View.

E. M. Forster [or Edward Morgan Forster]

Identify this molecule that chelates metal ions with its acetate groups and an amine backbone.

EDTA [or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; or ethylenediaminetetraacetate]

After Great Lent, the Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates Pascha, which is their name for this holiday in the Roman Church.

Easter

Bach reworked the so-called "Shepherd's Cantata" into this 1725 oratorio, which assigns the four vocal parts to Peter, John the Apostle, Mary Magdalene, and Mary of Clopas. It begins with the line "Kommt, eilet und laufet".

Easter Oratorio [or BWV 249] <Kim>

Identify this book examining the author's own career and titled for a phrase spoken by Pontius Pilate. It was written in 1888, but not published until 1908.

Ecce Homo

The story of Sigurd slaying Fafnir appears in the "Poetic" one of these texts, which were compiled and written by Snorri Sturluson.

Eddas [accept Poetic Edda] <Jose>

In his Letter to Herodotus, this philosopher believed that "bodies" moved in a void, since motion is not possible without "nothingness." This man taught in a school called "The Garden" and believed that pleasure was the highest good.

Epicurus

After this denomination elected a female Presiding Bishop, Katherine Jefferts Schori, Driscoll asked if they would next elect a fluffy bunny. This is the American wing of the Anglican Communion.

Episcopal Church of the United States [accept Episcopalians or other word forms; prompt on Anglican Communion or Church; don't accept or prompt on "Church of England"]

In The Art of Loving, this psychologist argues that love is more than a mere emotion and can actually be taught. In Escape from Freedom, he explores how psychological conditions affecting common men may lead to a totalitarian society.

Erich Seligmann Fromm

The Sun Also Rises is a novel by this American author who also wrote about bullfighting in his non-fiction book Death in the Afternoon.

Ernest Hemingway [or Ernest Miller Hemingway] <Bentley>

This Romanian playwright, who wrote in French, created the character of Berenger. Berenger does not appear in his The Bald Soprano.

Eugene Ionesco [or Eugen Ionescu]

This playwright demanded that Random House seal the script to his play Long Day's Journey into Night for twenty-five years after his death. He also wrote The Iceman Cometh.

Eugene O'Neill [or Eugene Gladstone O'Neill]

On the other hand, this inquiline species is no longer commensalistic, but instead acts as brood parasites. These birds lay their eggs in the nests of reed warblers, and then their newborn chicks push rival eggs out of the nest.

European cuckoo birds

After Penelope orders this nurse to move her bed, Odysseus describes how the bed was carved from an olive tree to convince Penelope of his identity. Earlier, this woman recognized the disguised Odysseus from an old scar right above his knee.

Eurycleia <Jose>

This equation, similar to the Arrhenius equation, is derived from transition state theory and gives the kinetics of a reaction. The derivation for it assumes that activated complexes are in a state of quasi-equilibrium with the reactants.

Eyring equation [accept Eyring-Polanyi equation] <Jose>

Name this son of the dwarf Hreidmar, who was turned into a hideous dragon after he was afflicted with the curse of Andvari.

Fafnir [or Fraenir]

Pope John Paul II beatified this 19th century father, who traveled to Molokai and tended to people in a leper colony in Hawaii before being struck with the disease himself.

Father Damien [or Saint Damien; accept Jozef De Veuster] <Jose>

The auction of the spectrum is managed by this government agency, which manages radio, television and other wireless media needs in the U.S.

Federal Communications Commission [or FCC]

The Pergamon Museum can be found in this country, whose other architecture includes the "Mad King's" New Swanstone Castle.

Federal Republic of Germany

Mogadishu is the capital of this nation, which had been fighting a violent civil war when the aforementioned battle was fought.

Federal Republic of Somalia

Fuenteovejuna is the masterpiece of this Spanish Golden Age playwright, a contemporary of Calderon de la Barca who authored upwards of 1,800 plays.

Felix Lope de Vega y Carpio [prompt on de Vega]

This early Romantic composer wrote that incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream, along with the Italian Symphony and many Songs Without Words.

Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy

Troy Maxson, a former baseball player, works as a trash collector in this other play by August Wilson, which partly centers on Troy's son Cory winning a college football scholarship.

Fences <Jose>

Name this quantity that also equals the energy level that has a fifty percent chance of being occupied by an electron. At absolute zero, this quantity equals the highest electron energy level.

Fermi level

Saramago's The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis is a fictionalization of one of this author's many "heteronyms." He wrote "I'd woken up early, and I took a long time getting ready to exist" in his The Book of Disquiet.

Fernando Pessoa <Jose>

In terms of the number of edges 'E,' and the number of vertices 'V,' Dijkstra's algorithm will have a "big O of E plus V log V" runtime if it is implemented with a priority queue that uses this underlying data structure.

Fibonnaci heap [do not accept or prompt on "heap"] <Jose>

The U.S. had earlier attempted to overthrow this man in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion. The CIA allegedly tried to kill this prime minister of Cuba using an exploding cigar.

Fidel Castro [or Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz] <Jose>

Name this conflict, which lasted from 1987 until the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993. Its name translates as "shaking off," and it was followed by a second such event in 2000.

First Intifada [accept but do NOT reveal First Palestinian Intifada]

In Canada, school chief Duncan Campbell Scott established a boarding school system whose goal was to assimilate all native peoples of Canada. Non-Inuit native people in Canada are given this name, of which the government now recognizes 634 distinct peoples.

First Nations <Bentley>

An earlier dispute between Italy and Yugoslavia occurred when the poet Gabriele D'Annunzio seized this port city and proclaimed it the Regency of Carnaro. D'Annunzio founded his "City of the Holocaust" in this city, located in present-day Croatia.

Fiume [or Rijeka or Reka]

This Germanic king deposed Romulus Augustulus and became the first king of Italy. In 493, Theodosius invited him to a banquet and had him murdered.

Flavius Odoacer

Name this impresario, who founded and managed a group of "Follies" that made lavish theatrical productions in the early 20th century.

Florenz "Flo" Ziegfeld

Name this pendulum named for the French scientist who built the first one.

Foucault pendulum

Parliament tried to discourage the Luddites by passing this 1812 legislation, which made the title act a capital offense. This legislation inspired one Luddite to write a letter to Prime Minister Spencer Perceval threatening "Blood for Blood."

Frame-Breaking Act [or Destruction of Stocking Frames, etc. Act 1812]

Ali Bongo Ondimba has been ordered to produce a birth certificate by a judge from this country, where much of Omar Bongo's fortune is sheltered. In 2013, this country intervened in Mali as part of Operation Serval.

France

A 1799 siege of Seringapatam was justified by rumors that Tipu Sultan had signed an alliance with this country, whose chief outpost in India was located at Pondicherry. This country's control of India declined after the Battle of Plassey.

France [or Kingdom of France or French Republic]

Last Year at Marienbad is set in a hotel in this country. This country's "New Wave" movement includes the films Breathless and Jules and Jim.

France [or the French Republic]

Caul and Stan eavesdrop on a couple who are walking through Union Square in San Francisco in this director's The Conversation, which he made after the success of his film The Godfather.

Francis Ford Coppola <Jose>

This Spaniard was the subject of an unflattering history by Agustin de Zarate. This rival of Diego de Almagro ordered the execution of a captive despite having received a ransom of a room filled with gold and silver.

Francisco Pizarro [or Francisco Pizarro González] <Bentley>

Name this dictator who led his country into the War of the Triple Alliance against Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay.

Francisco Solano Lopez

Tetzel responded to Luther's 95 Theses with 106 theses ghostwritten by Konrad Wimpina and named for this city. This capital city of Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine was the site of a united German parliament in 1848.

Frankfurt am Main <Bentley>

Name this artist, also known for his group portraiture, such as his paintings of the Regents and Regentesses of the Old Men's Almshouse. His The Laughing Cavalier depicts a man smiling, not laughing.

Frans Hals [or Frans Hals the Elder]

This monarch initially refused to recognize Karl Lueger's election as mayor. Franz Ferdinand was the heir of this first and only Emperor of Austria-Hungary, a position which he held until his death in 1916.

Franz Joseph I [or Francis Joseph I] <Brownstein>

Name this composer, whose myriad arrangements, transcriptions, orchestrations, and paraphrases make up the bulk of his catalog, from S. 351 to S. 999.

Franz Liszt [or Ferenc Liszt; accept either full name in reverse order as long as Liszt is said]

This French New Wave director was responsible for The 400 Blows. His adaptation of Fahrenheit 451 starred Oskar Werner, but much to the dismay of Ray Bradbury and the audience, it did not feature the mechanical hound.

François Roland Truffaut <Jose>

Name this 2005 book by Stephen Dubner and Steven Levitt, which aims to apply economic analysis to unexpected scenarios in everyday life.

Freakonomics

A blood-red sun reflects on a lake below in that depiction of Cotopaxi erupting by this artist. This artist's 1855 painting of Cotopaxi depicts the mountain peacefully smoldering.

Frederic Edwin Church

Though he made sketches of the American west for Harper's Weekly, this artist is probably best known for his oft-reproduced image of a cowboy riding a horse whose two feet are in the air, Bronco Buster.

Frederic Remington [or Frederic Sackrider Remington]

Anatole France's The Gods are Athirst is set during this conflict. Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities ends with Sydney Carton giving up his life in this 18th century conflict so that Charles Darnay can survive.

French Revolution <Jose>

Pontiac's War was launched in the aftermath of this global conflict. George Washington marched in the Braddock Expedition and fought at the Battle of the Monongahela during this war.

French and Indian War [or Seven Years' War]

This poet of "Bread and Wine" and "Patmos" also wrote the drama The Death of Empedocles and an epistolary novel about a revolt in Greece, Hyperion.

Friedrich Hölderlin [or Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin] <Jose>

Ecce Homo was the last lucid book written by this German philosopher, who then went insane. Ecce Homo's last chapter "Why I Write Such Good Books" discusses the inspiration for this man's Untimely Meditations.

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

Name this play in which a village's inhabitants agree to blame the town itself for the murder of its tyrannical commander.

Fuenteovejuna [or The Sheep Well ]

An unusually quiet opening played by a divided viola section characterizes Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 40, the "greater" of two in this key.

G minor [do not accept "G"; do not accept "G major"]

Identify this country, currently embroiled in a Birther controversy that alleges that Ali Bongo Ondimba was born in Nigeria and thus is ineligible to be president.

Gabon

This man described his conquest of Gaul in his Commentaries on the Gallic Wars. This politician was assassinated on the Ides of March.

Gaius Julius Caesar

This Italian astronomer used his refractive telescope to discover his namesake moons of Jupiter. This author of Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was targeted by the Inquisition for his Copernican views.

Galileo Galilei

This Texas city's namesake "movement" encouraged Jews to immigrate through it rather than New York, leading it to be nicknamed the "Ellis Island of the South." It was essentially destroyed by a gigantic hurricane in 1900.

Galveston

Hebe's primary role was as cupbearer to the gods, a position she held until she married Heracles. She was replaced in the role by this beautiful Trojan prince, who had been abducted by Zeus.

Ganymede [or Ganymedes]

Identify this literary character with a ravenous appetite, the son of Grangosier.

Gargantua

"The International" was written to honor the First International, which had its first congress in this city. Henry Dunant organized an 1864 conference concerning wounded soldiers in this city which created a Convention agreement named for it.

Geneva, Switzerland [or Genève; or Genf] <Bentley>

Name this character, whose "Retraction" closes The Canterbury Tales.

Geoffrey Chaucer [accept either underlined version]

This German founder of absolute idealism distinguished the original, reflective, and philosophical modes of history in his Lectures on the Philosophy of History, wherein he argued that history reflected the spirit's growing awareness of its own freedom.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

This composer was commissioned by the British royal family to write pieces such as Music for the Royal Fireworks and the coronation anthem Zadok the Priest.

George Frideric Handel [or George Friedrich Händel]

This American composer wrote many songs with his brother Ira and composed Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

Name this monarch known for his lavish tastes and affairs with Lady Hertford and Lady Conyngham. This man became Prince Regent due to the insanity of his father.

George IV [or George Augustus Frederick IV; prompt on George]

Name this man who points upwards while sitting in a Horatio Greenough sculpture. In that sculpture, this man assumes a pose modeled on Phidias's Zeus.

George Washington

Reynolds is the subject of a portrait by Gilbert Stuart, an artist best known for his Lansdowne portrait of this man. Charles Wilson Peale painted this general at the Battle of Princeton.

George Washington

Name this American colony founded by James Oglethorpe. During the Civil War, this state was devastated by William T. Sherman's March to the Sea.

Georgia

This Soviet general helped lead the counteroffensive against the Japanese army in Manchuria. He won the Battles of Stalingrad and Kursk and later protected Khrushchev from an attempted coup by the Anti-Party Group.

Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov <Bentley>

Black History Month gained federal recognition under this president. In college, this man declared that he would sit out a football game against Georgia Tech if William Ward, Michigan's only African American player, was not allowed to play.

Gerald Ford [or Jerry Ford or Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. or Leslie Lynch King Jr.]

The Volga region was also settled by people of this ethnicity during the reign of Catherine the Great. The colonization of Eastern lands by people of this ethnicity, known as the "Drive to the East," was adopted into the propaganda concept of "Living Space."

Germans [or Deutsche] <Bentley>

This country is facing an ISDS lawsuit from the Swedish company Vattenfall for speeding up its timetable to close its nuclear plants. Thanks to this country's ambitious energy transition plan, renewables now contribute more power than its lignite coal plants.

Germany <Bentley>

This school of psychology believed that stimuli are perceived as a sum of all their parts, thus suggesting that optical illusions work by flipping between different perceptions of whole sets of stimuli.

Gestalt psychology <Jose>

Barber lived in a house called Capricorn with this composer of Amahl and the Night Visitors and The Saint of Bleecker Street. This man also founded the Spoleto Festivals.

Gian Carlo Menotti <Kothari>

After conquering Jericho and Ai, Joshua was tricked into allying with this city. He defended this city from an Amorite coalition with the help of deadly hailstones and a suspension of the sun's motion.

Gibeon [do not accept or prompt on "Gideon"] <Reinstein>

This author's On Famous Women was a source for Pisan's Book. In a book by this author, the story of patient Griselda is told on the tenth day of the characters' stay at a country villa.

Giovanni Boccaccio <Brownstein>

Members of this faction attended salons held by Madame Roland. The purge of this faction led Charlotte Corday to assassinate Jean-Paul Marat in his bathtub.

Girondists [or Girondins; or the Gironde] <Brownstein>

Identify this collection of poetry whose first poem opens with the declaration "Thou hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure."

Gitanjali [or Song Offerings]

In the Iliad, this man recounts the story of Bellerophon to his opponent Diomedes, after which they stop fighting and swap armor. He shares his name with a sea god who gained immortality after eating a magic herb.

Glaucus <Jose>

An imitative "Et in terra pax" is the second movement of Vivaldi's D major setting of this second section of the mass, which sits between the Kyrie and the Credo.

Gloria [or Gloria in excelsis Deo] <Kim>

Name this family. Federico II of this family was granted the title of Duke of Mantua for supporting Emperor Charles V in the Italian wars.

Gonzaga

A darker portrait of Thomas Jefferson appears in this author's novel Burr, which opens his Narratives of Empire series. He also wrote the novel Myra Breckinridge and carried on feuds with William F. Buckley and Truman Capote.

Gore Vidal <Jose>

Name this philosophical polymath who grounded his thought in the principle of sufficient reason and the principle of contradiction. His "mill argument" aims to show that an assembly of physical parts cannot constitute a mind.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz [or Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz]

Another progenitor of analytic philosophy was this non-Anglophone logician who created an alternative to Mill's theory of names. He debated David Hilbert over the role of axioms in mathematics.

Gottlob Frege <Jose>

Name this family of Tiberius, a brother of Gaius who was killed and thrown into the Tiber river after his reforms angered the Roman aristocracy.

Gracchus [or Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus; prompt on Sempronius]

The discovery of proton decay could support one of these classes of theories that are a step towards a theory of everything. These theories differ from a theory of everything because they do not involve gravity.

Grand Unified Theory [or GUT] <Reinstein>

Name this body of water, a part of the Indian Ocean that indents the states of South Australia and Western Australia.

Great Australian Bight [prompt on partial answers]

Name this 1851 event, which purported to showcase the "Works of Industry of all Nations."

Great Exhibition of 1851 [or The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations; prompt on World's Fair]

In the 1840s Thomas Carlyle popularized this theory, which claimed that all history can be explained by the actions of influential individuals such as Napoleon.

Great Man theory <Wang>

This country was ruled by the "Regime of the Colonels," which eventually forced its king Constantine II to flee its capital of Athens.

Greece [or Hellenic Republic; or Hellas]

Name this ancient civilization, which often sacrificed one hundred cattle or a hecatomb before their ancient contests called the Olympics.Herodias <Reinstein> John the Baptist was beheaded after this mother of Salome urged her to ask Herod for John's head as a reward for dancing.

Greek civilization

Polygenic traits do not follow the patterns of inheritance of this cleric-scientist, who discovered the Laws of Segregation and Independent Assortment while working with pea plants.

Gregor Johann Mendel [or Řehoř Jan Mendel]

Name this violent scientist whose body reappears after his death. His invisibility is the result of his meddling with the refractive indices of his own cells.

Griffin [prompt on the Invisible Man]

This rival of Blaine in the 1884 election was himself attacked with cartoons where an infant asks, "Ma, Ma, where's my Pa?" This Democrat served two non-consecutive terms as President.

Grover Cleveland

Name this faction active in Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries. It backed the Pope in opposition to the Ghibellines, who supported the Holy Roman Emperor.

Guelfs

Koons' Puppy stands outside of one of these museums in Bilbao, Spain. Frank Lloyd Wright designed another one of these museums, which are named for a foundation, in New York City.

Guggenheim Museums [accept Solomon R. Guggenheim Museums]

The muscles used in the aforementioned genuine smile were first identified by this Frenchman, who is better known for naming a degenerative disease caused by a mutation in dystrophin.

Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne [accept Duchenne muscular dystrophy]

While still Chief Minister of this Indian state, Modi broke ground on a one gigawatt solar plant, the largest in the world at the time. The Godhra train bombing took place in this western India state in 2002.

Gujarat <Bentley>

The third Swedish king of this name tried to ban private alcohol production before his assassination at a masked ball. The fifth king of this name was a Nazi sympathizer who reigned from 1907 to 1950.

Gustav

Madame Bovary was the first novel by this French author, who wrote it while seeking out "le mot juste," or "the exact word."

Gustave Flaubert (flow-BARE)

This king was the first of his countrymen to incorporate dragoons into his army. This king was killed fighting at the Battle of Lutzen in 1632.

Gustavus Adolphus [or Gustav II Adolph or Gustavus Adolphus the Great or Gustavus Adolphus Magnus; prompt on Gustavus] <Bentley>

This French author known for his twist endings wrote "The Necklace."

Guy de Maupassant

Identify this poet known by initials who wrote "Oread." She wrote about "Helena, hated of all Greece" in her epic poem Helen in Egypt.

H. D. [or Hilda Doolittle]

Hesiod's Theogony states that it would take an anvil nine days and nights to fall from the earth and reach Tartarus, which was actually located below the underworld ruled by, and often named for, this Greek god.

Hades [or Pluto] <Jose>

This process, named for the American and French chemists who discovered it independently, is the main industrial process for producing aluminum. About five percent of the U.S.'s electric energy is spent on this process.

Hall-Héroult (ay-ROO) process

In contrast to an Eulerian path, this type of path of a graph visits each vertex once and only once, with the possible exception of the start vertex.

Hamiltonian path [accept Hamiltonian cycle]

This indecisive prince of Denmark stages a performance of The Murder of Gonzago to ascertain the guilt of his uncle, King Claudius.

Hamlet

The demands of the Millenary Petition were discussed at a conference in this palace that led to the commission of the King James Version of the Bible. Henry VIII seized this palace from Cardinal Wolsey after Wolsey's fall from favor.

Hampton Court Palace

Charles V was a member of this dynasty which controlled both Spain and Austria.

Hapsburg [or Habsburg]

Some of Lawrence's greatest works were made when he was living in this neighborhood. Lawrence studied at its Community Art Center under Augusta Savage, and was championed by Alain Locke, the so-called "Dean" of a "renaissance" named for this neighborhood.

Harlem

Betrayal and The Birthday Party were written by this British playwright, who also wrote the screenplay to The French Lieutenant's Woman. Ben and Gus receive orders from the title device in this man's play The Dumb Waiter.

Harold Pinter <Bentley>

Egyptian farmers started using the shaduf to lift water during the 18th dynasty, whose pharaohs included this woman. Many statues of this female pharaoh were destroyed by her stepson Thutmose III.

Hatshepsut

Futurism developed in this country, where its main proponents included Filippo Marinetti and Umberto Boccioni.

Italy [or Italian Republic; or Italia; or Kingdom of Italy] <Bentley>

This quantity is often used to measure the "amount of space" a fractal occupies, and is generally greater than its topological dimension. For the Koch curve, this quantity is approximately 1.26.

Hausdorff dimension [do not accept or prompt on dimension alone] <Jose>

Pele is a goddess of the people who inhabit this chain of Polynesian islands. Pele created Koko Head and Koko Crater when she visited this chain's island of Oahu.

Hawai'i [or the Hawaiian Islands]

Name this Greek goddess of youth, known in Rome as Juventus. Her roles included helping Hera enter her chariot.

Hebe

Name this woman who responds to Judge Brack's attempts to blackmail her over the death of Eilert Lovborg by shooting herself with a pistol.

Hedda Gabler [or Hedda Gabler; prompt on Tesman]

Name this German poet whose lyric poetry, such as his poem about a siren on the Rhine named Lorelei, was often set to music by 19th century composers,

Heinrich Heine

This other European playwright depicted a battle between the Greeks and the Amazons from the Trojan War in his Penthesilea. Jeronimo Rugera is the protagonist of this author's novella The Earthquake in Chile.

Heinrich von Kleist <Alston>

Menelaus was married to this woman, a daughter of Zeus and Leda whose abduction by Paris was the key cause for the Trojan War.

Helen of Troy [or Helen of Sparta]

Hedda Gabler was created by this realist Norwegian playwright who also wrote A Doll's House and An Enemy of the People.

Henrik Johan Ibsen

Robert Walpole began censoring plays after he and his cabinet were satirized in this author's play Rape upon Rape. This author also satirized Samuel Richardson in his novel Shamela.

Henry Fielding <Jose>

This Swiss-born artist remarked that the weather in Constable's landscapes "[make] me call for my greatcoat and umbrella." A demon crouches on top of a sleeping woman in this man's The Nightmare.

Henry Fuseli [or Johann Heinrich Füssli]

Name this author who wrote for the Baltimore Sun and founded The American Mercury with George Jean Nathan.

Henry Louis Mencken [or H. L. Mencken]

Anthony Caro was a student and apprentice to this other artist, whose Reclining Figures series was inspired by the pose of Chacmool sculptures of Mesoamerica.

Henry Moore [or Henry Spencer Moore] <Jose>

The Guelfs took their name from the Welf dynasty, whose members included this Duke of Saxony and Bavaria. This man with an animal nickname lost Austria when his cousin Frederick Barbarossa issued the Privilegium Minus.

Henry the Lion [or Henry III; or Henry XII; or Heinrich der Löwe; prompt on Henry or Heinrich]

After Helios informed him of his wife's adultery, this god of the forge created a bronze net and attached it to his bed, which he used to catch his wife Aphrodite and Ares in the act of lovemaking.

Hephaestus [or Vulcan]

Pollaiuolo painted this man from Greek mythology about to club one of his foes. The "Farnese" (far-nay-zay) statue of this man depicts him leaning on his club, which is covered with the skin of the Nemean Lion.

Hercules [or Heracles]

The common tropes of the bildungsroman are reversed in this author's novel Beneath the Wheel, in which Hans Giebenrath fails to acclimatize to society and ultimately ends up drowning in a river.

Hermann Hesse <Jose>

Name this Greek messenger god.

Hermes [or Mercury]

Name these scatterplots, which are used to classify stars. They are named for a Danish and an American astronomer.

Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams [or H-R diagram]

This Netherlandish artist used the triptych form to divide his Garden of Earthly Delights into scenes of paradise, a sinful life on Earth, and damnation.

Hieronymus Bosch [or Jheronimus Bosch; or Jheronimus van Aken; or Joen van Aken]

Yuri Matiyasevich showed that there is no Turing Machine that exists that could solve this problem universally. This problem asked if there existed an algorithm that could find solutions to all Diophantine equations.

Hilbert's tenth problem <Jose>

Name this religion. A history of it by Wendy Doniger was withdrawn by a Penguin subsidiary after nationalists of this religion accused it of heresy.

Hinduism

The invasion of the Sea Peoples may have caused the downfall of this Anatolian empire, which had earlier fought Egypt in the Battle of Kadesh.

Hittite Empire

Name this seventeen-year-old who gives a two-day account of his wanderings through New York City in J. D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye.

Holden Caulfield [prompt on Caulfield]

In ancient Greek custom, this was the act of sacrificing an animal by burning it in its entirety. It is contrasted with the thyesthai, in which half of an animal was burnt.

Holocaust [or Holokautein]

Name this "special administrative region" that is one of the world's most densely populated areas.

Hong Kong [or Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China]

Sarrasine was written by this French author, who also wrote Eugenie Grandet and created the character of Eugene de Rastignac in his The Human Comedy series.

Honore de Balzac [or Honore Balzac]

This member of the Massachusetts Board of Education reformed much of the public school system, making the school day longer and setting up "normal schools" for teachers to be trained.

Horace Mann

Thomas Gray also wrote an "Ode" on the death of Selima, a cat that drowned in a tub of goldfishes. That cat belonged to this friend of Thomas Gray, who wrote the Gothic novel The Castle of Otranto.

Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford [accept either underlined part] <Jose>

Name this Russian psychologist, who ran a series of experiments in which he taught dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell.

Ivan Pavlov [or Ivan Petrovich Pavlov]

Another one of Isabella's daughters, Maria, married into this Portuguese royal dynasty whose members included Henry the Navigator. Portugal's later ruling house, the Braganza, began as a cadet branch of this dynasty.

House of Aviz <Bentley>

Cabot and his sons were granted letters patent for an expedition to the New World by Henry VII, the first monarch from this English dynasty.

House of Tudor

On a visit to England, Monet painted multiple images of this building, often engulfed by fog. J. M. W. Turner made two paintings of this building on fire.

Houses of Parliament [or Palace of Westminster] <Bentley>

The aforementioned A High Wind in Jamaica was written by an author with this surname. A British poet with this surname wrote "The Hawk in the Rain" and reflected on his marriage to another poet in The Birthday Letters.

Hughes [or Richard Hughes; or Ted Hughes]

Coyolxauhqui was slain by this god, who sprung fully formed from his mother Coatlicue. This god of war was the subject of annual sacrifices of human hearts, since he protected his people from the forces of darkness.

Huitzilopochtli

Abortion and other forms of birth control were condemned as contrary to the sanctity of life in this 1968 encyclical issued by Pope Paul VI.

Humanae Vitae <Brownstein>

The ligand field stabilization energy is partially derived from this rule, which states that electrons will fill each orbital in a subshell before beginning to double up, and they all have the same spin.

Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity <Silverman>

Liszt orchestrated six of the "rhapsodies" he wrote based on folk themes from this country, his homeland.

Hungary [or Magyarorszag] <Gupta>

Tom Wolfe, like this author of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, was a practitioner of New Journalism.

Hunter Stockton Thompson

One of Apollo's youthful male lovers was this beautiful boy, who was killed by a discus that may have been redirected by Zephyrus. From his blood, the first of his namesake flowers bloomed.

Hyacinthus

Name this opera composed by Mozart about a king who vows to sacrifice the first creature he sees on land if Neptune will save him from a storm. Unfortunately, it turns out to be his son.

Idomeneo, re di Creta [or Idomeneo, King of Crete]

This ethnic group of Southern Nigeria traditionally lived in the area of the Oloibiri oil field area. The secessionist state of Biafra was mostly populated by members of this ethnicity.

Igbo people [or Ibo people]

Earlier, this composer moved in the opposite direction as Rochberg, writing pieces like the Dumbarton Oaks concerto in a neoclassical style before using twelve-tone composition in Agon and Threni.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky <Kothari>

H. D. was a member of this group of poets. This movement included poets such as Amy Lowell and Ezra Pound and focused on "clarity of expression" through the use of precise visuals.

Imagists [or Imagism] <Bentley>

This androgynous kami of rice, sake, and millet is sometimes said to be the husband or wife of Uke Mochi. Pure-white foxes called kitsune serve as his messengers.

Inari [or O-inari; or Inari Okami]

The death of Tupac Amaru marked the end of the final remnants of this empire, which had ruled modern-day Peru before the Spanish conquest.

Incan Empire

Alexie's first novel follows a group of Spokane blues musicians from one of these areas, which also provide the settings of other novels like House Made of Dawn and Ceremony.

Indian reservations

Mestizos were officially defined as people born to a Spanish father and a mother of this race. The first Mestizo was traditionally held to be the offspring of Hernan Cortes and La Malinche, a member of this race.

Indians [or Native Americans; or Aztecs; or Maya; or Nahuas]

Name this radical labor organization whose founders included "Big Bill" Haywood and Eugene V. Debs. Its members were known as "Wobblies."

Industrial Workers of the World [or IWW; do not accept "International Workers of the World"]

Wallace also wrote this massive novel. The title of this novel is taken from Hamlet and names a film cartridge made by its character James O. Incandenza.

Infinite Jest

Lagrange points define this hypothetical "superhighway," which provides a low energy-cost method for objects to move about the Solar System, even though its transport would take a long time.

Interplanetary Transport Network <Jose>

This Italo Calvino novel centers around a group of conversations between Marco Polo and Kublai Khan, who discuss "Trading," "Thin," "Hidden" and "Continuous" types of the title settlements.

Invisible Cities [or Le citta invisibili]

Name this novel by Ralph Ellison, whose unnamed title character feels that his race makes others unwilling to recognize his existence.

Invisible Man

Name this subject of an epitaph by Alexander Pope, who wrote that "God said 'Let [this man] be!' and all was light." James Thomson wrote "A poem sacred to the memory of" this man.

Isaac Newton

Juana was the second daughter of this queen of Castile. Her marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon united the Spanish nation.

Isabella I [or Isabela I]

Mombasa is one of the many stops along a new heroin-trafficking route that begins in this country. Much of its opium production was restricted during the rule of the Taliban.

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

In 2015, Lahiri wrote a New Yorker article titled "Teach Yourself [this language]" announcing she would only write in this language in the future. Petrarch wrote his Canzoniere in a medieval form of this language.

Italian [or Italiano] <Alston>

Name this author who proposed 12 different definitions for the title type of literature in his essay "Why Read the Classics?"

Italo Calvino

Bazarov's death and Arkady's marriage to Katya concludes Fathers and Sons, a novel by this Russian author who also wrote A Sportsman's Sketches.

Ivan Turgenev

This author wrote many of the "w" etymologies in updated editions of the Dictionary, and satirized its researchers in his story "Farmer Giles of Ham." He was a member of a notable literary clique centered around Owen Barfield.

J. R. R. Tolkien [or John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]

This German Baroque composer wrote the Brandenburg Concertos.

J.S. Bach [or Johann Sebastian Bach]

The Sea-Wolf is a novel by this author, who ended his other novel The Call of the Wild with the dog Buck returning yearly to the site of his master's death.

Jack London [or John Griffith London; or John Griffith Chaney]

Name this 17th-century German-born merchant, who led a rebellion expelling the colonial administrator Francis Nicholson from New England.

Jacob Leisler

Both this man's wife, Suzanne Curchod (cure-SHOW), and his daughter, Germaine de Stael, hosted popular salons. The dismissal and banishment of this finance minister helped spark the storming of the Bastille.

Jacques Necker

Name this Caribbean country home to Marlon James, who won the 2015 Booker Prize for A Brief History of Seven Killings, a novel in which Josey Wales plots the assassination of Bob Marley.

Jamaica

Johnson's own life was chronicled by this man, his biographer, who wrote The Journal of a Tour of the Hebrides during his Scottish voyage with Johnson.

James Boswell <Jose>

Name this monarch who was presented with the requests of 1,000 Puritan ministers in the Millenary Petition. This monarch's intolerance for Catholicism made him the target of Robert Catesby.

James I [or James VI of Scotland; prompt on James]

This other artist of the Dutch Golden Age painted lively family scenes, such as The Feast of Saint Nicholas in which a boy is crying because the only gift he's received is a lousy birch rod.

Jan Steen (yahn SHTAIN) [or Jan Havickszoon Steen] <Bentley>

Name this two-faced Roman god, who protected doorways and gateways. The first month of the year is named for this father of Canens, the "nymph of song."

Janus

So-called smiling mask syndrome, in which subjects become depressed after unnaturally smiling for too long, may afflict this country's population. An ecological therapy using seclusion and gradual resocialization has been developed to treat anxiety disorders in this country.

Japan <Jose>

Ishiguro's novels A Pale View of Hills and An Artist of the Floating World are both set in this country. Naoki Matayoshi is a recent winner of this country's prestigious Akutagawa Prize for young writers.

Japan [or Nippon; or Nihon]

Beardsley was heavily influenced by the art of this country. Mary Cassatt's print The Bath shows the influence of ukiyo-e prints by artists such as Hiroshige from this country.

Japan [or Nippon]

One of this country's "new religions," Tenrikyo, stresses the importance of sweeping the eight "dusts of the mind." In 1986, Ryuho Okawa founded the Happy Science movement in this country.

Japan [or Nippon]

One of the objectives of Cabot's second voyage was to visit this country. Inhabitants of this country referred to Western knowledge as "Dutch learning."

Japan [or Nippon] <Bentley>

Name this artist who pioneered the genre of the fete galante (fet gal-ont). This artist depicted pairs of lovers surrounded by flying cherubs as they either leave or arrive on the island birthplace of Venus.

Jean-Antoine Watteau

This Neoclassical painter of The Valpinçon Bather and The Turkish Bath depicted a reclining woman with too many vertebrae in The Grande Odalisque.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (AHN-gruh)

Name this American artist and former commodities broker. His Banality series includes a sculpture in which the two title figures wear gold suits, Michael Jackson and Bubbles.

Jeff Koons [or Jeffrey Koons]

This British general helped spark Pontiac's Rebellion by forbidding the sale of weapons to Native Americans. This man successfully laid siege to the fort of Louisbourg during the French and Indian War, and infamously ordered smallpox-infected blankets to be used against Pontiac's forces.

Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst [or Geoffrey Amherst or Jeffrey Amherst] <Bentley>

Members of this Christian denomination, the first banned by the Nazis, were marked with purple triangle badges in concentration camps. Publications of this group include The Watchtower and Awake!.

Jehovah's Witnesses <Jose>

Utilitarianism was founded in the late 18th century by this British philosopher, who attempted to initiate penal reform by designing an ideal prison called the Panopticon.

Jeremy Bentham <Wang>

Name this home of the prostitute Rahab, whose life was spared after she hid two spies.

Jericho

Name this man, who designed the dances in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I, as well as the dances for Fiddler on the Roof.

Jerome Robbins

This religious figure is described as the "Joy of Man's Desiring" in the chorale that ends Bach's cantata Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben.

Jesus [or Jesu; or Christ; or obvious equivalents]

Simon de Montfort expelled these people from Leicester in 1231. Edward I expelled these people from all of England in 1290, and they were kicked out of Spain by the Alhambra Decree.

Jews [or Jewish people] <Bentley>

This Indian-American author of the short story collection The Interpreter of Maladies wrote The Namesake.

Jhumpa Lahiri [or Nilanjana Sudeshna Jhumpa Lahiri]

After having his sentence commuted by President Nixon, this former leader of the Teamsters mysteriously vanished. Many suspect that his death had to do with his links to organized crime.

Jimmy Hoffa [or James Riddle Hoffa] <Jose>

This Japanese sushi master's Michelin three-star restaurant was the subject of a 2011 documentary about how he "Dreams of Sushi."

Jirō Ono [accept either underlined portion; accept Jiro Dreams of Sushi or Sukiyabashi Jirō]

This writer called the title figure a "spark from Elysium" in his "Ode to Joy," which Beethoven set to music in his Ninth Symphony.

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller

This seller of indulgences earned the opposition of Martin Luther by proclaiming, "You should know: whoever has confessed and is contrite and puts alms into the box...will have all his sins forgotten."

Johann Tetzel

This German author of The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust wrote the bildungsroman Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Nixon in China was composed by this American. Justin Davidson wrote a defense of this man's opera The Death of Klinghoffer, denying that it was anti-Semitic.

John Adams [or John Coolidge Adams] <Bentley>

Name this explorer who claimed territory for England while visiting Newfoundland on his ship, the Matthew. He disappeared on his second voyage.

John Cabot [or Zuan Cabotto]

"The Swimmer" was written by this author, who fictionalized his departure from Thayer Academy in his story "Expelled." A 1978 collection of his stories was the first short story collection to ever make the New York Times best-seller list.

John Cheever

Name this British landscape artist who depicted a cart being driven through a shallow pond next to Willy Lott's Cottage in The Hay Wain.

John Constable

In March 2016, this biologist made headlines by announcing the creation of a synthetic microbe with fewer than 500 total genes. He founded Celera Genomics during the race for genome sequencing.

John Craig Venter <Jose>

A cargo cult in Vanuatu is centered around this figure, apparently based on a World War II soldier. His followers participate in a military-style march in his honor each February 15th.

John Frum [or John Brum; or John From; prompt on partial answers]

Soames and Winifred deal with the court in their attempts to secure divorces in In Chancery, the third novel of this author's Forsyte Saga. He won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature.

John Galsworthy

Although this artist created the paintings of The Birds of America by shooting the subjects and affixing them to a board, he is nonetheless the namesake of a bird conservation society.

John James Audubon

"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" is a poem by this Romantic poet, the author of "To Autumn" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn" who died at the age of 26.

John Keats

An essay by Jon Pike suggests that this philosopher's conception of the "executive power of the law of nature" is similar to the notion of a citizen's arrest. This philosopher suggested that one has a right to property if he "mixes his labor" into nature.

John Locke

This Supreme Court justice may have been influenced by his black half-brother Robert in casting the lone dissenting vote in Plessy. Like his grandson of the same name, this justice was known as the "great dissenter."

John Marshall Harlan, Sr.

Ironically, this 17th-century author's treatise on the free press, Areopagitica, was censored when it came out. He argued for a separation between church and state in A Treatise of Civil Power.

John Milton

This philosopher stated that analytic judgments were "explicative of the concept of the subject" in his book A System of Logic. He proposed the "harm principle" in On Liberty.

John Stuart Mill

The Rabbit novels were written by this man. Dale attempts to write a computer program to prove God's existence in this author's novel Roger's Version, and he also wrote The Witches of Eastwick.

John Updike [or John Hoyer Updike]

Name this character who commits suicide in a lighthouse after being exiled by the World Controller Mustapha Mond.

John the Savage

This Hungarian-American polymath developed a form of expected utility theory with Oskar Morgenstern. He is also the namesake of a type of computer architecture.

John von Neumann (NOY-mahn) <Aggarwal>

Name this author who used the pseudonym Isaac Bickerstaff to attack John Partridge, an almanac maker and astrologist who made various sham predictions. His opinions on coinage were expressed under the pseudonym M.B. Drapier.

Jonathan Swift

John the Baptist baptized Jesus in this river. In Second Kings, Naaman the leper was healed by bathing seven times in this river.

Jordan River

Name this author who imagined the Iberian continent breaking off in his The Stone Raft.

Jose Saramago

Analysis of overtones uses the transforms named for this Frenchman. The short-time version of those transforms is often the most useful one for that purpose.

Joseph Fourier

A sudden and unexpected loud chord appears at the end of the quiet theme that opens the second movement of this composer's Surprise Symphony.

Joseph Haydn [or Franz Joseph Haydn]

This older son of Rachel was sold into slavery by his brothers but rose to become vizier of Egypt. Jacob gave him a coat of many colors when he was a young man.

Joseph [or Yosef]

Two Stradivarius violins, the Tom Taylor and the Gibson Ex-Huberman, have been owned by this American violinist, who used the former to record John Corigliano's The Red Violin.

Joshua Bell

Name this artist of Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse. He explained how recognizing a pose borrowed from a classical work of art could be pleasurable in the lectures he gave as the first president of the Royal Academy.

Joshua Reynolds

This successor of Moses led an army whose priest's trumpets felled the walls of Jericho. His namesake book is the sixth of the Hebrew Bible, and the first to follow the Torah.

Joshua [or Yehoshua or Jehoshua or Hoshe'a]

For a non-reactive mixture, the degrees of freedom of a mixture is equal to the number of components, minus the number of phases, plus two, according to the scientist's phase rule.

Josiah Gibbs [accept the Gibbs phase rule] <Jose>

Francisco Solano Lopez's father, Carlos, was forced into hiding by this earlier Paraguayan dictator, who established a government based on Rousseau's The Social Contract.

José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco <Jose>

Name this queen of Castille who refused to bury the dead body of her husband Philip the Handsome. This mother of Charles V spent most of her adult life confined to a castle in Tordesillas.

Juana the Mad [or Joanna the Mad; or Juana I; or Joanna I; or Juana la Loca]

The father of the Jabberwocky's killer also warns him to beware the "frumious bandersnatch" and this other fictional creature. In Carroll's "The Hunting of the Snark," this animal's shrill cry is compared to a "pencil that squeaks on a slate."

Jubjub bird <Brownstein>

For his surrealistic play Friends, Kobo Abe won the literary prize named after this Japanese author, who wrote about the dissolution of a marriage in Some Prefer Nettles and Yukiko's search for a husband in The Makioka Sisters.

Junichiro Tanizaki <Jose>

This Dominican-born author created the protagonist Yunior, who calls Trujillo "the Dictatingest Dictator who ever Dictated" in his novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao.

Junot Diaz

This prominent Jewish mystical movement is rooted in the teachings of the Zohar. It teaches that God has ten emanations called Sephirot, and many of its practitioners wear a red string on their left wrist.

Kabbalah mysticism

This island, which is just off the coast of South Australia, is Australia's third largest island. It is named for a bouncing marsupial with powerful hind legs. Note that the answer is not "Wallaby Island."

Kangaroo Island <Jose>

Abilene is a city in this state. In 1859, the Wyandotte Constitution decided that this state would enter the Union as a free state, reversing this state's earlier pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution.

Kansas

Burnt ends and tangy tomato-based barbecue sauce are staples of this city, which despite its name is actually located in Missouri.

Kansas City, Missouri

In the Mahabharata, Indra took the form of a bee to sting this king of Anga, because this man was the only warrior believed to be able to defeat Arjuna. Indra also tricks him into giving away the armor that made him invincible.

Karna [or Vaikarthana] <Jose>

Identify this region claimed by both India and Pakistan on opposite sides of the Line of Control. It should not be confused with Punjab.

Kashmir

This other massacre of Poles was ordered by Lavrentiy Beria. The USSR blamed this incident on Nazi Germany until classified documents were released in 1990.

Katyn Forest massacre <Golimlim>

Identify this Booker-winning novelist who wrote about Axl and Beatrice trying to find their son in The Buried Giant.

Kazuo Ishiguro [or Ishiguro Kazuo]

This Nigerian writer led a non-violent campaign against Nigeria's oil industry while serving as the president of MOSOP. This man was hanged by Sani Abacha's regime for supposedly killing several Ogoni chiefs.

Ken Saro-Wiwa [or Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa] <Hothem>

On a recent visit to this country's capital of Nairobi, Barack Obama joked, "Some of my critics back home might be suggesting I'm here to look for my birth certificate. That's not the case."

Kenya <Bentley>

Cordelia is the daughter of this Shakespearean king, who is tricked by his unfaithful daughters Goneril and Regan into dividing up his kingdom between them.

King Lear

The Wright brothers made the first successful controlled flight at this small town on the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

The Minoan civilization's largest archaeological site on Crete is this ruin, where depictions of griffins, a minotaur and a labyrinth can be found.

Knossos

Name this novelist of Secret Rendezvous, who wrote about an entomologist who is forced to live in the sand with the title woman in another book.

Kobo Abe

The Decembrist revolt began after this man, Nicholas' older brother, refused to take the throne. The 1830 storming of this man's castle sparked Poland's Cadet Revolution.

Konstantin [or Konstantin Pavlovich; or Constantine I] <Bentley>

A chromatic theme on three bassoons represents this evil sorcerer from Stravinsky's Firebird, whose syncopated Infernal Dance begins with a timpani roll. Prince Ivan destroys the egg containing this character's soul to kill him.

Koschei (kuh-SHAY) [accept Koschei the Deathless, Koschei the Immortal, Koschei Bessmertniy, or Tsar Koschei; accept alternate spellings like Kashchei, Kachtcheï, etc.]

Until its destruction in 1993, 33,000 people lived in this "walled city" in Hong Kong, which had 1,255,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. The book City of Darkness by Leung Ping Kwan described how sunlight rarely hit the bottom of this city.

Kowloon Walled City [or Jiulong Walled City]

Marcello appears in this opera by Giacomo Puccini, which opens with Marcello and Rodolfo burning a manuscript to keep warm. Later, Schaunard appears and explains how he made money by playing the violin for an Englishman's parrot.

La bohème

The OED notably omitted almost all risqué words until after a pivotal 1960 trial, in which Mervyn Griffith-Jones was unable to convince a jury to ban this British novel.

Lady Chatterley's Lover <Jose>

Name these locations, where a small object can stay between two orbiting bodies.

Lagrange points [or Lagrangian points or libration points; prompt on L points]

The expansive Shalimar Gardens can be found within this largest city in Punjab. This city is also where one can also find the tomb of Jahangir.

Lahore, Pakistan <Jose>

Johann Winckelmann's History of Ancient Art popularized neoclassicism and contains a description of this ancient sculpture attributed to Agesander, Athenodoros and Polydorus. This sculpture also inspired a book by Gotthold Lessing about the representation of suffering in sculpture and poetry.

Laocoö n and His Sons [accept Laocoön Group] <Jose>

Around the same time that he made the Don Quixote sketch, Picasso created a series of 58 paintings based on this 1656 painting. In some variations, Picasso changed the two lights at the top of this painting to hooks, the dog in the bottom right to a dachshund, and the man in the background doorway to a shadow.

Las Meninas [or The Maids of Honor]

Name this film directed by Alain Resnais in which a man repeatedly tries to convince a woman that they had met at the title Czech spa town one year previously.

Last Year at Marienbad [or Last Year in Marienbad or L'Annee derniere a Marienbad]

In the last of the Gospel of John's seven signs, Jesus raises this man from the dead. This man was the brother of Martha and Mary of Bethany.

Lazarus of Bethany <Reinstein>

Name this Swiss-born French architect who said that a house was a "machine for living" in his book Towards a New Architecture. He designed the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier [or Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris]

After the Lytton Commission issued a negative report about Manchukuo, Japan permanently withdrew from this international organization, a predecessor to the United Nations.

League of Nations

After Hephaestus was thrown off of Mount Olympus, he fell for nine days and nine nights before landing on this island. Philoctetes was left behind on this island during the Trojan War due to a festering wound.

Lemnos

Name this author, who wrote about the title character's fall from a snowy roof in his story "Alyosha the Pot." He also penned War and Peace.

Leo Tolstoy [Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy]

Name this leader of a French Popular Front government from 1936 to 1937.

Leon Blum

Name this Swiss mathematician, whose namesake type of path visits every edge once.

Leonhard Euler (OY-ler)

Baudelaire's To the Reader opens this volume of Symbolist poetry, whose sections includes "Spleen and Ideal" and "Revolt."

Les Fleurs du Mal [or The Flowers of Evil]

Many novels in this cycle of twenty novels by Zola champion science as a sociological method. This series is named for two families and includes Germinal, which depicts a coal miners' strike.

Les Rougon-Macquart (lay roo-GONN mah-CAR)

This Russian psychologist argued that Pavlov's work did not apply to humans, since humans learn actively from experience. His own theory of learning posits the "zone of proximal development."

Lev Vygotsky [or Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky] <Jose>

"Jabberwocky" is a nonsense poem by this English author, who included it in Through the Looking Glass, a sequel to his novel Alice in Wonderland.

Lewis Carroll [or Charles Lutwidge Dodgson]

Name this socialite, who overdoses on a sedative after using her inheritance from her aunt Peniston to repay her debt to Gus Trenor.

Lily Bart [accept either underlined answer]

The Bronze Age Collapse ended the use of this written script, the only one in the Mycenaean language that has been deciphered.

Linear B [do not accept "Linear A"] <Wang>

Name these English religious dissenters whose leader, John Wyclif, advocated such reforms as translating the Bible into English.

Lollards [or Lollardy; or Lollardism]

Horace Smith's version of "Ozymandias," written in competition with Shelley's, imagines a future day on which a hunter will chase a wolf "thro' the wilderness where [this city] stood." A poem titled for this city begins "I wander thro' each charter'd street."

London <Bentley>

Identify this play in which the patriarch, James, is an actor who has been playing the same role for years. Another family member in this play, Edmund, develops consumption.

Long Day's Journey into Night

Name these transformations whose factor is represented by a gamma and which are used in special relativity theory.

Lorentz transformations

The Watts Riots lasted for six days in this West Coast city. In 1992, much of this city rioted again after four police officers were acquitted for the beating of Rodney King.

Los Angeles [or L.A.]

Name this short story collection by John Barth. Its title story is a nonlinear narrative about a self-conscious boy named Ambrose who gets stranded inside a boardwalk attraction.

Lost in the Funhouse

Subjects who see the "cube" illusion named for this Swiss scientist are unable to focus on either of its two possible orientations for more than a few seconds.

Louis Albert Necker [accept Necker cube]

Name this jazz trumpeter whose version of the song "Hello, Dolly!" was his best-selling record.

Louis Armstrong

This art nouveau graphic designer developed a type of iridescent glass called "favrile" that he used in his stained glass, which can be found in his namesake ornate "lamps."

Louis Comfort Tiffany <Jose>

The 1870 Manitoba Act, which established a system of Protestant and Catholic schools in the province, was signed by this man's provisional government. This member of the Métis people led the Red River Rebellion.

Louis David Riel

This French king's draggonade policies helped drive many Huguenots from France. Later, this "Sun King" would issue the Edict of Fontainebleau, formally expelling Protestants from his country.

Louis XIV [or Louis the Great; or Louis le Grand; prompt on Louis]

Name this author of A Long Fatal Love Chase, best known for Little Women, her novel about the March sisters Jo, May, and Beth.

Louisa May Alcott

In 1860, 145 people were killed when the Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts collapsed. The mill had been partially financed by this prominent New England industrial family, also the namesake of a town where mill girls worked long hours under the Waltham system.

Lowell family [or the Lowells]

This Roman Epicurean argued that atoms "swerved" in the void to create the "possibilities" of the universe in a long philosophical poem.

Lucretius <Jose>

Name this group of workers in the English East Midlands who claimed allegiance to a mythical "King Ned."

Luddites [or Luddism]

Norman Malcolm argued that Anselm actually proposed two ontological arguments, but he is perhaps more famous as an interpreter of this author of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations.

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein <Jose>

This Arcadian king foolishly tried to determine if Zeus was truly omniscient by feeding him a stew containing the body of his son Nyctimus. For his insolence, Zeus turned him into a wolf and killed his 50 other sons.

Lycaon <Jose>

In Duty, Gates describes how hard he had to fight to get more frontline troops in Iraq equipped with these types of vehicles, which are better able to withstand explosions from IEDs. The BAE Caiman 4×4 is an example of the Category I type of these vehicles.

MRAPs [or Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles] <Bentley>

The hearts of the dead were weighed against a feather from this goddess of truth and justice.

Maat [or Ma'at]

The only survivor of the banana massacre is José Arcadio Segundo, a resident of this town. This town was founded by José Arcadio Buendía and was inspired by the real-life town of Aracataca.

Macondo

Name this novel, whose protagonist is unhappily married to a simple country doctor named Charles.

Madame Bovary

A group of 100 sons of Gandhari were born from pots of ghee in this religious text. Those brothers are grandsons of this book's author, Vyasa, and vie against their cousins for the throne of Hastinapur in the Kurukshetra War.

Mahabharata

In his book The Tipping Point, this author argues that the use of broken windows theory in New York City has reduced crime. His latest book is David and Goliath.

Malcolm Gladwell <Jose>

The third branch of the Mabinogion is named for this son of Llyr, who is able to negotiate the release of Pryderi and Rhiannon after capturing a fat mouse and ransoming it in exchange for them. He probably had the same origin as a similarly-named Irish sea god.

Manawydan fab Llyr [do not accept or prompt on "Manannan"] <Jose>

Name this state whose nominal ruler was the former Chinese emperor Puyi.

Manchukuo [prompt on Manchuria]

A later Sienese artist, Domenico Becafumi, worked in this style, which Giovanni Bellori characterized as coming from an artist's imagination rather than nature. This style is characterized by elongated figures and contrived poses.

Mannerism [or Manierismo] <Bentley>

Later in the 1980s, the US invaded Panama to overthrow this military dictator. He was captured by the Marines and charged with drug trafficking after being forced out of the papal embassy.

Manuel Noriega [or Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno]

Charles Swann is the title character of Swann's Way, the first part of this French author's lengthy novel In Search of Lost Time.

Marcel Proust [or Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust] <Bentley>

The first Life cover image was produced by this photographer, who worked with her husband Erskine Caldwell on a phototography book that documents the plight of Southern farmers during the Great Depression, titled You Have Seen Their Faces.

Margaret Bourke-White

"Poetry" is by this female American poet who used a lot of quotation marks. This poet, who isn't Elizabeth Bishop, also wrote a poem called "The Fish."

Marianne Moore

Mailer's Of Women and Their Elegance is an "imaginary memoir" of this actress, a wife of playwright Arthur Miller, for whose last completed film, The Misfits, Miller wrote the screenplay.

Marilyn Monroe <Jose>

The singer of "Recondita armonia" is this character, who also sings "E lucevan le stelle" and the duet "O dolci mani" before he is executed by the firing squad of Baron Scarpia in Tosca.

Mario Cavaradossi [accept either underlined portion] <Lee>

A Son of Sam law was invoked in the 1980s against this man, who committed a murder outside The Dakota apartment building and was in possession of the novel The Catcher in the Rye when found by police.

Mark David Chapman

Name this location in Athens where St. Paul gives a sermon about an altar inscribed, "To an Unknown God." The controversial pastor Mark Driscoll resigned from a megachurch named for this place.

Mars Hill [or the Areopagus; or Ares Hill; or Mars Rock; or Ares Rock]

The mathematical formulation of the Titius-Bode law lead Johann Bode to predict the existence of a planet between these two other planets. As it turns out, an asteroid belt exists between this gas giant and this red planet.

Mars and Jupiter [accept in either order]

The rise of Nazism is often illustrated with this pastor's poem that opens "First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out, Because I was not a Socialist." It concludes "Then they came for me, and there was no one left to speak for me."

Martin Niemöller

Little Women is set in an unnamed fictional town in this home state of Louisa May Alcott. Alcott wrote a satire partly titled for "Wild Oats" which satirizes a community founded in this state.

Massachusetts <Brownstein>

The castle of Canossa was owned by a countess of this name who backed Pope Gregory against Henry IV during the investiture controversy. Another woman with this name ensured her son's succession to the English throne with the Treaty of Wallingford.

Matilda [or Maude; or Matilde]

The lines "The dog was trampled upon by a cat in heat" is a translation of one of the haiku by this master of the genre, who also wrote the travelogue The Narrow Road to the Deep North.

Matsuo Basho <Jose>

This artist made the collage Murderous Airplane, as well as a series depicting maze-like "garden airplane traps." This artist created Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale and painted The Elephant Celebes (sell-eh-bees).

Max Ernst <Brownstein>

The law describing blackbody radiation is named for this German scientist who ushered in quantum mechanics when he developed the law by setting the ratio of energy to frequency to a constant that is now named for him. The constant is represented by a lower-case h.

Max Planck [or Planck's law]

This southern city hosts the World Championship Barbecue Contest every year. It sits at the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers.

Memphis, Tennessee <Jose>

Name this ruler of Sparta, who was succeeded by his son Megapenthes after he was brought to the Elysian Fields.

Menelaus

Among the original pieces that appear in the second half of Liszt's catalog are the first two of these four waltzes, inspired by an episode from Lenau's Faust, not Goethe's.

Mephisto Waltzes

The principal source of iron ore in the U.S. is from this mountain range in Minnesota, whose name comes from the Ojibwe (oh-JEEB-way) for "Giant Mountain." The decline in iron mining in this range is the subject of the Bob Dylan song "North Country Blues."

Mesabi Iron Range

The "Hallelujah" chorus ends Part II of this Handel oratorio about the life of Jesus Christ.

Messiah <Kim>

Pavlova also popularized the "Jarabe Tapatio," a folk dance from this North American country. This country is also the origin of mariachi music.

Mexico [or the United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos] <Jose>

The Dying Swan was choreographed by this man, whose other ballets include one in which a young girl dances with the title spirit, The Spectre of the Rose.

Michel Fokine

This sculptor made a crucifix out of wood that currently hangs in the Santo Spirito. His other sculptures include the Dying Slave and a depiction of the prophet Moses with horns.

Michelangelo [or Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni] <Jose>

Identify this prestigious French guide book that rates restaurants throughout the world from one to three stars.

Michelin Guide

Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in this version of English, which was used approximately from the 11th to 17th century. John Gower's Confessio Amantis is also written in it.

Middle English

Identify this journey, which came to be dominated by the British following the asiento of 1713. This journey was a part of the triangular trade.

Middle Passage

Francesco Sforza established his control over this city, the current capital of Lombardy, by becoming friends with Cosimo Medici of Florence and marrying his daughter to Alfonso II of Naples.

Milan [or Milano]

Like Versace and Dolce & Gabbana, Prada is headquartered in this fashion capital of Italy. This city in Lombardy has the largest metropolitan area of any Italian city.

Milan [or Milano]

Name this island civilization of the Bronze Age, which built many labyrinthine palaces at Phaistos. Frescoes of this civilization show its members leaping over bulls.

Minoan civilization

This politician served as the president of Texas in between Houston's terms. During his tenure, he issued a worthless currency called "redbacks."

Mirabeau B. Lamar [or Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar] <Jose>

A later French cardinal to run the French government, Cardinal de Fleury, had to deal with the collapse of this company. Scottish financier John Law created its namesake "bubble" by encouraging speculation on this company.

Mississippi Company [or Company of the West] <Bentley>

Name this city, where two Black Hawk helicopters were shot down after U.S. special forces had been tricked into thinking they had found Mohammed Farrah Aidid.

Mogadishu [accept First Battle of Mogadishu]

The citadel mound at this site contains structures like College Square and the Great Bath. Located in the modern-day province of Sindh in Pakistan, it was largely built out of unbaked bricks.

Mohenjo-daro

This 17th-century French playwright wrote The Misanthrope after some of his earlier satirical comedies, such as Tartuffe, were banned by the government of Louis XIV.

Molière [or Jean-Baptiste Poquelin] <Brownstein>

Name this African city whose status as a major smuggling hub has created a major drug crisis for its population.

Mombasa

Name this massive chemical company that also manufactures the herbicide Roundup.

Monsanto

The computational complexity class BPP contains problems, such as polynomial identity testing, which are solvable by one of these algorithms in polynomial time. These algorithms, such as the Metropolis Hastings method, sample from an unknown distribution.

Monte Carlo algorithm [or Monte Carlo method]

Name this religion, started by the self-styled Drew Ali, which held that African-Americans were descended from North Africans. An offshoot of this early 20th century movement developed into Nation of Islam.

Moorish Science Temple of America

This capital of the USSR was the site of the 1980 Olympics, as well as frequent "physical culture" parades in Red Square.

Moscow [or Moskva]

President Poroshenko promised to sell his lucrative chocolate business in 2014. Documents released in the 2016 Panama Papers scandal show that this Panamanian law firm set up an offshore holding company for the business.

Mossack Fonseca

This Irish-born co-founder of the IWW organized a march of silk workers dubbed the "Children's Crusade," and was called "the most dangerous woman in America" for her work with the United Mine Workers.

Mother Jones [or Mary Harris Jones]

The eruption of this other volcano in 1883 caused global temperatures to drop by over 1 degree Celsius and caused brilliant red sunsets in Europe. Over thirty six thousand people died during the eruption of this volcano.

Mount Krakatoa [or Krakatau] <Bentley>

Identify this volcano located on Sumbawa Island that erupted in 1815. This volcano's eruption caused "The Year without a Summer."

Mount Tambora [or Mount Tamboro]

Name this African country where the FRELIMO and RENAMO parties fought a protracted civil war.

Mozambique

Holden is freaked out when he wake up to find this former teacher of his patting him on the head while he stays over in this man's apartment. Later, Holden comes to regret fleeing this character so rashly.

Mr. Antolini <Jose>

Robinson's other poems include one about this lonely resident of Tilbury Town, who "raised up to the light the jug that he had gone so far to fill" during the "party" he imagines having with himself.

Mr. Flood [accept "Mr. Flood's Party"] <Jose>

In his play The Rivals, Sheridan created this character, the guardian of Lydia Languish notorious for misusing words, such as in the statement "He is the very pineapple of politeness."

Mrs. Malaprop

Manchukuo was established after Japanese soldiers staged this 1931 "incident," in which they blew up one of their own railways and placed the blame on local Chinese dissidents.

Mukden Incident <Wang>

Snohetta just finished expanding a museum that exhibits this kind of art in San Francisco. A museum named for this kind of art in New York City contains Van Gogh's Starry Night and is known as the MoMA (MOH-muh).

Museum of Modern Art

Name this five-movement suite written to celebrate the signing of the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Music for the Royal Fireworks

The Red Brigades specifically targeted personnel from this organization stationed in Italy in an attempt to pressure Italy to leave this organization. Article 5 of this Brussels-based organization was invoked for the first and only time in response to the September 11th attacks.

NATO [or North Atlantic Treaty Organization] <Bentley>

During Beowulf's fight with the dragon, he uses this sword, which unfortunately snaps in half due to Beowulf's immense strength.

Naegling <Jose>

Hussein heavily influenced this countryman of his, who created the hashish-smoking cafe owner Kirsha and the sexually insatiable Salim Alwan in the novel Midaq Alley. He also wrote Miramar.

Naguib Mahfouz

In the opera, Háry János defeats this man and wins the heart of his wife Mária Lujza (Louisa). Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture depicts Russia's defense against this man's invasion.

Napoleon Bonaparte [or Napóleon; accept either name]

This princess, the daughter of Alcinous, is washing her clothes when she discovers an unconscious Odysseus on the beaches of Scheria. Some sources state she marries Telemachus after Odysseus returns home.

Nausicaa

Vortices are explained by this set of equations in fluid mechanics derivable from Newton's Second Law. One term in these equations multiplies density times the sum of the time derivative of fluid velocity plus the dot product of velocity with the gradient of velocity.

Navier-Stokes equations <Reinstein>

In William Styron's novel Sophie's Choice, Sophie was forced to decide which of her two children to sacrifice to the gas chambers at one of these places.

Nazi concentration camp [or Nazi death camp]

This author of Stardust recently released a collection of "short fiction and disturbances" called Trigger Warning. It includes the cultural tribute "The Man Who Forgot Ray Bradbury" and "Down to the Sunless Sea."

Neil Gaiman

The FCC is also partly responsible for making sure that companies like Comcast follow this principle of not discriminating against users based on their bandwidth usage.

Net neutrality [or network neutrality, Internet neutrality, or net equality] <Jose>

Louis Armstrong was born in this city and played jazz here during his early years. This southern city's musician Buddy Bolden is often credited with inventing jazz.

New Orleans

Leisler's Rebellion took place in the territory that is now this modern day state. Its city of Schenectady was besieged during King William's War.

New York

Writer Suketu Mehta chronicled giving up his life in this American city to tour Mumbai for two years in his book Maximum City. In Jhumpa Lahiri's story "The Interpreter of Maladies," Mr. Das is a science teacher in this city who visits India with his family.

New York City [or NYC] <Alston>

Kenneth Koch, a poet from this city, parodied "This is Just to Say" with lines like "I chopped down the house that you had been saving to live in next summer." Poets from a school named for this city include Frank O'Hara and John Ashbery.

New York City [or NYC] <Brownstein>

During the "long hot summer" of race riots two years after the Watts Riots, major riots occurred in Detroit and this other city. Cory Booker's 2002 campaign against Sharpe James for mayor of this city is chronicled in the documentary Street Fight.

Newark, New Jersey <Jose>

This man held a fraudulent referendum in which 98 percent of voters supposedly called for the deposition of Bao Dai and the formation of a republic under this man. This Catholic then served as President of South Vietnam until his 1953 assassination.

Ngo Dinh Diem <Golimlim>

Name this dynasty whose last ruler, Bao Dai, spent much of his final ruling years in France.

Nguyen Dynasty [pronounced "win" but accept phonetic pronunciations as well]

This author of The Prince and The Art of War called for a return to ancient Roman civic "virtù" in his Discourses on Livy.

Niccolò Machiavelli [or Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli] <Jose>

The Second Bank of the United States was once led by this man, who succeeded Langdon Cheves as its president and issued reliable BUS notes that served as a de-facto national currency.

Nicholas Biddle

After the wedding, this man spoke with Jesus about the importance of being born again. This man later spoke up for Jesus in the Sanhedrin, and then brought myrrh and aloes to embalm him after his death.

Nicodemus

As an example of a paradigm shift, Thomas Kuhn discusses this Polish astronomer's model of the heliocentric universe, which he presented in On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.

Nicolaus Copernicus [or Mikołaj Kopernik]

This winged goddess of victory was often depicted clutching a pomegranate.

Nike

A performance of The Red Detachment of Women takes place in Act 2 of this opera, which contains arias such as "This is prophetic" and "Mr. Premier, distinguished guests, I have attended many feasts..."

Nixon in China

This so-called "Schoolmaster of the Republic" improved the textbooks of the early 19th century. This creator of widely used "reading lessons" edited a dictionary that he co-names with George Merriam.

Noah Webster

This MIT linguist and author of Syntactic Structures proposed that we learn to handle linguistic recursion at a very young age due to an innate "universal grammar."

Noam Chomsky

Svetlana Alexievich was given this prize in 2015, making her the first writer who uses a journalistic approach to be awarded it.

Nobel Prize in Literature [prompt on Nobel Prize]

So far, Ehrlich's predictions of mass starvation have been allayed thanks in part to this so-called "Father of the Green Revolution." This biologist won the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize for introducing high-yield wheat to developing nations.

Norman Borlaug

Name this author, who also adopted the persona "Aquarius" to cover the moon landings in Of a Fire on the Moon. He won a Pulitzer Prize for a book about the march on the Pentagon.

Norman Mailer

To convince reluctant engineers to bring live TV equipment on the Apollo mission, NASA instructed this artist to include TV cameras in a popular lunar painting he made for Look magazine. The Treasury Department sponsored this artists Four Freedoms series.

Norman Rockwell [or Norman Percevell Rockwell] <Bentley>

Two different styles of barbecue exist in the eastern and western halves of this state, whose barbecue mecca is Lexington. This state is also home to the estuary of Albemarle Sound.

North Carolina

During the Miocene Epoch, this area, which was formerly part of the Great Australian Bight, was uplifted and became part of the mainland. This flat region is so-named for its lack of trees.

Nullarbor Plain

Name this literary movement led by the author of the poem "Black Woman," Léopold Senghor, as well as by Aimé Césaire and Léon Damas.

Négritude

Nebraska is also the setting of this Cather novel whose protagonist marries Carl Linstrum shortly after the violent end of her brother Emil's romance with the married Marie Shabata.

O Pioneers! <Jose>

In 1837, this college in Ohio started to admit both men and women into its program. This college became involved in the abolition movement under its president Charles Grandison Finney.

Oberlin College <Jose>

This Homeric hero, the husband of Penelope who spends decades returning to Ithaca, washes ashore on Scheria in one segment of the epic poem named for him.

Odysseus [or Ulysses]

Identify this humorous American poet of "Portrait of the Artist as a Prematurely Old Man." Each stanza of his baseball poem "Line-Up for Yesterday" opens with a line such as "C is for Cobb" or "G is for Gehrig".

Ogden Nash [or Frederic Ogden Nash]

"The Deserted Village" was written by this author of the plays The Vicar of Wakefield and She Stoops to Conquer.

Oliver Goldsmith

In this classic text, Kandinsky asserted that the "painter who finds no satisfaction in the mere representation of natural phenomena" will naturally turn to music to inspire him. Kandinsky warns about periods where "art has no noble champion" in this text.

On the Spiritual in Art [or Concerning the Spiritual in Art; or Über das Geistige in der Kunst] <Bentley>

Macondo appears in this magical realist novel by Gabriel García Márquez, which ends with a cyclone destroying the town.

One Hundred Years of Solitude [or Cien Anos de Soledad] <Jose>

Pinochet's trial addressed his administration's suppression of dissent through Operation Colombo and this operation supported by the United States in several South American countries.

Operation Condor [Spanish: Operación Cóndor, also known as Plan Cóndor or Operação Condor]<Reinstein>

Tiberius Gracchus was killed by members of this group of politicians that represented the interests of the wealthy. Unlike the rival populares, its members did not favor the people's assemblies or the democratic tribune.

Optimates <Jose>

In the Argonautica, Jason's crew was protected from the Argonauts due to the efforts of this man. This man's skills had no effect on a group of Maenads who eventually tore him apart, after which his still-living head floated to Lesbos.

Orpheus <Jose>

A shootout in a hall of mirrors in an abandoned amusement park in San Francisco is the climax of this director's The Lady from Shanghai. He also directed Touch of Evil and appeared in The Third Man.

Orson Welles [or George Orson Welles]

After the actress Sybil Vane kills herself, the title character of this author's only novel stabs a painting of himself and begins to age very quickly. That novel is The Picture of Dorian Gray.

Oscar Wilde

Another Calvino essay discusses how the stories in this Roman poet's Metamorphoses are "rooted...in [the] indistinct borderlands between diverse worlds."

Ovid [or Publius Ovidius Naso] <Jose>

Name this approximately 20-volume British reference work on the English language.

Oxford English Dictionary [accept OED; prompt on Oxford Dictionary but do not accept or prompt on "Oxford Dictionary of English"]

Name this poetic "king of kings" whose plinth instructs "Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"

Ozymandias

This class contains all problems whose solutions are verifiable in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine. It is an open question as to whether or not it is equal to its non-deterministic counterpart, NP.

P

The First Intifada was an unsuccessful effort by these people to forge their own state. The PLO agitates for the rights of this group, who live in the West Bank and Gaza Strip territories.

Palestinians [or Palestinian Muslims; or residents of Palestine]

Name this building designed by Jacques-Germain Soufflot, which was inspired by a same-named building in Rome.

Panthéon

Name this Italian artist, who depicted a group of musicians seated below Jesus in his massive canvas The Wedding at Cana.

Paolo Veronese [or Paolo Caliari]

Some people of this ethnicity settled in Kashmir colonies such as Dranghaihama. The Durrani are a subgroup of this ethnic group, many of whom live in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province.

Pashtuns [or Pushtuns or Pakhtun or Pathan; prompt on Afghan] <Bentley>

This later French painter included trees slanting toward the center of the canvas in his Large Bathers. This artist, whose still-lifes often included skulls and apples, painted several views of Mont Sainte-Victoire.

Paul Cézanne <Golimlim>

Walton's Viola Concerto was premiered by this German composer, who advocated "utility music" composed for a specific, identifiable purpose. He also composed the opera Mathis der Maler and the Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber (VAY-burr).

Paul Hindemith <Alston>

France's seat on the Academie Francaise was filled by this poet, who published his masterpiece La Jeune Parque after his "Great Silence" following the death of Stephane Mallarme. He also wrote "The Graveyard by the Sea."

Paul Valéry [or Ambroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry]

Themistocles was ostracized after the Spartans implicated him in the treasonous plot of this Spartan general, who had earlier defeated Mardonius at the Battle of Plataea. He shares his name with a geographer who wrote Description of Greece.

Pausanias <Jose>

The message "Tora! Tora! Tora!" was relayed following the Japanese attack on this US naval base on December 7, 1941.

Pearl Harbor

Name this fire goddess who embodies the form and power of the Kilauea volcano. In one story, this goddess creates the ocean by pouring water from the creator goddess around her lands.

Pele

The Thirty Years Peace brought the first conflict of this name to an end. Thucydides wrote a "History" of this conflict, which ended with Lysander's victory at the Battle of Aegospotami.

Peloponnesian War

Yatsenyuk did not want to resign immediately because he wanted this party that he co-founded in 2014 to remain in power. He left the Fatherland Party to form this party.

People's Front [or Popular Front or Naroadnee Front] <Reinstein>

At the conclusion of this novel, Rastignac declares war against Paris while standing in the Pere Lachaise. Rastignac is one of the few characters to show up at the title character's funeral, as his daughters send only empty carriages.

Pere Goriot [or Father Goriot] <Jose>

This Athenian statesman ruled Athens and agreed to the Thirty Years Peace. Thucydides records the rousing funeral oration he gave during the Peloponnesian War.

Pericles <Jose>

This reforming czar of Russia personally began shaving off the beards of noblemen after returning from his Grand Embassy. This "Great" czar fought the Great Northern War with Sweden.

Peter I the Great [or Pyotr]

Name this Australian moral philosopher, who unsurprisingly wants you to donate a lot of your money to charity. He is perhaps best known for promoting animal welfare in his 1975 book Animal Liberation.

Peter Singer

The territory of New York City, then New Amsterdam, had earlier been expanded during the tenure of this Dutch director-general, nicknamed "Old Silver Leg" for his artificial leg.

Peter Stuyvesant <Jose>

In this other Platonic dialogue, Socrates also argues that knowledge is merely recollection. Sometimes translated into English as On the Soul, this dialogue features the death of Socrates.

Phaedo <Jose>

Identify this character, created by Edward Everett Hale and based on Clement Vallandigham, who lives a life aboard numerous ships after he curses his country during a court-martial chaired by Colonel Morgan.

Philip Nolan [accept either name; accept The Man without a Country; accept Plain-Buttons]

Hamilton's animosity towards Burr began when Burr defeated this man, Hamilton's father-in-law, in a Senate race in 1791. This man was acquitted of charges of incompetence at a 1779 court martial after being relieved of his command and replaced by Horatio Gates.

Philip Schuyler (SKY-ler) [or Philip John Schuyler] <Bentley>

Many of Zeno's paradoxes are preserved in this book by Aristotle, which investigates the principles of kinesis, or motion.

Physics [or Physica]

Name this 1896 Supreme Court case which infamously upheld the standard of "separate but equal."

Plessy v. Ferguson [or Homer Adolph Plessy v. John H. Ferguson; or Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Louisiana]

In Andy Warhol's film Kiss, this pop artist can be seen kissing Marisol Escobar. This artist created LOVE sculptures, which consist of four letters stacked on top of each other.

Robert Indiana <Bentley>

Four years into his 30-year tenure in this position, Robert Southey lost a Chancery case involving the suppression of his radical play Wat Tyler. William Wordsworth and Alfred, Lord Tennyson were the next two people to hold this position after Southey.

Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom [or British Poet Laureate] <Carson>

According to Ovid, this figure was living on Crete when he crushed Acis with a boulder out of jealousy over the nymph Galatea. In another appearance, this figure is blinded by a man who calls himself "nobody."

Polyphemus [prompt on the Cyclops] <Jose>

Name this chief of the Ottawa tribe and victor at the Battle of Bloody Run. Fort Pitt was besieged during a war named for this man.

Pontiac [or Obwandiyag]

Name this pope who preceded Pope Benedict XVI, serving from 1978 to 2005. He was the first non-Italian pope since the 16th century.

Pope John Paul II [or Karol Józef Wojtyła; prompt on John Paul or JP II]

Name this phylum which is oddly not classified as part of Eumetazoa, mainly because animals in this phylum have no symmetry.

Porifera [prompt on sponges]

Name this character, whose hand is won by Bassanio's selection of a worn lead casket in a test of her suitors demanded by her father's will.

Portia

In 1975, Mozambique gained independence from this European country, which gave up its last colony of Macau in 1999. This country got its start on colonialism when Vasco de Gama sailed to India and began the conquest of Goa.

Portugal <Wang>

Name this Italian fashion house whose subsidiaries include Miu Miu. Its famous products include minimalist black nylon bags and the cross-hatched leather Saffiano bag.

Prada S.p.A.

This force of bodyguards used by the Roman Emperor conspired with the Senate to have Caligula assassinated and replaced with Claudius. Sejanus was the prefect of this force during the reign of Tiberius.

Praetorian Guard [or Praetoriani] <Jose>

Renzo Piano was a recipient of this award, considered to be the architectural equivalent of the Nobel Prize. The most recent recipient of this award was Alejandro Aravena.

Pritzker Architecture Prize <Hothem>

Name this woman, who was accidentally killed by her husband Cephalus when she called out to "Aura" while enjoying the breeze.

Procris

This villain captured travelers and strapped them to his iron bed, either stretching them out or chopping off parts until they fit exactly. Eventually, Theseus forced him to experience the bed himself.

Procrustes [or Prokoptas; or Damastes]

The Odyssey states that while Helen and Menelaus were returning to Sparta, a storm blew them off course and they met this shape-changing "Old Man of the Sea," who predicted a long life together for the couple.

Proteus <Jose>

The only character to appear in all four branches of the Mabinogion is this son of Pwyll and Rhiannon, who is raised for a time by Teyrnon after he mysteriously disappears from Dyfed.

Pryderi [or Pryderi fab Pwyll]

This historian wrote a biography of his uncle Agricola, and a monograph on the state of Germania. His Annals covers the reigns of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero.

Publius Gaius Cornelius Tacitus

An article called the "Morals of the Great Exhibition" was published by this weekly humor magazine, which helped pioneer the modern political cartoon and was named for a traditional stock character.

Punch [or The London Charivari] <Jose>

Name this mountain from a 14th century poem, which can be found on the only island in the Earth's southern hemisphere. Its terraces correspond to the Seven Deadly Sins.

Purgatorio [or Purgatory]

Bell produced a successful 2005 recording of this Russian composer's Opus 35 violin concerto. The album also included the Danse Russe from this man's ballet Swan Lake.

Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky <Bentley>

Violin parts unusually cross in the longing theme in the finale of this composer's sixth symphony, which contains a 5/4 limping waltz and a bassoon solo marked with six p's. This composer died nine days after that Pathétique symphony was premiered.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [or Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky]

In the spherical geometry, this familiar statement reduces down to the statement that "cosine of a equals the cosine of b times the cosine of c." Similar to its Euclidean counterpart, it is a special case of the spherical law of cosines.

Pythagorean theorem <Jose>

Richelieu helped set Samuel Champlain up as Governor of New France, an office located in this city. Benjamin Wolfe died on the Plains of Abraham during a 1759 battle fought outside this Canadian city.

Quebec

Name this broken object with a haunting sound whose owner is followed around Cambridge by an Italian girl he refers to as "sister" in the chapter "June 2, 1910."

Quentin Compson's pocketwatch [or Jason Compson III's pocketwatch]

Another theory of the origin of life is the "world" named for this macromolecule, which serves as an intermediate in the central dogma from DNA to protein, and may have existed first.

RNA [or ribonucleic acid]

In this pathway to reduce expression of a gene, miRNAs and siRNAs interfere with specific mRNAs in the cytoplasm and either cause translational inhibition or direct cleavage. It is mediated by the RISC complex.

RNA interference [or RNAi]

Identify this former high school basketball star who is "Rich" and "at Rest" in a series of novels about him.

Rabbit [or Harry Angstrom; or Harry Angstrom]

Name this mother of two of the twelve progenitors of the tribes of Israel. She died while giving birth to Benjamin.

Rachel

Name this current president of Ecuador.

Rafael Correa

Ned Ludd was rumored to live in Sherwood Forest, much like this earlier mythic Englishman. He supposedly stole from the rich and gave to the poor alongside his Merry Men.

Robin Hood [prompt on partial answer] <Bentley>

"Stephen Mitchell writes "the movement of his powerful soft strides is like a ritual dance around a center" in his translation of this author's "The Panther." A group of this writer's poems named for an Italian castle begins "Who if I cried out would hear me among the angelic orders?"

Rainer Maria Rilke [or Rene Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke]

Identify this artist, who painted the Alba Madonna held in the National Gallery. Julius II commissioned this artist to decorate the Stanza della Segnatura, which contains his School of Athens.

Raphael Sanzio

From 402 until the collapse of the Roman Empire, this city served as its capital. In later times, this city was the seat of the Kingdom of Lombardy.

Ravenna <Jose>

Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe was restricted by a 1924 Immigration act named for Albert Johnson and a senator with this surname. A speaker of the House with this surname introduced namesake "rules" to combat the disappearing quorum tactic during the 1890s.

Reed <Weiser>

Rabbi Lawrence Kushner helped to revive Kabbalah among this liberal Jewish denomination, the most numerous in America.

Reform Judaism

Many years later, according to First Kings and Second Chronicles, the tribe of Benjamin joined the tribe of Judah to support this successor of Solomon who was rejected by the ten other tribes.

Rehoboam [or Rehav'am] <Reinstein>

The documentary The Sand Castle centers on a competition between Snohetta and this architect to design a new capital for Ras al-Khaima in the UAE. He also designed the Seattle Central Library.

Rem Koolhaas [or Remment Lucas Koolhaas] <Bentley>

This architect designed the Kansai International Airport in Honshu, Japan. This architect designed The Shard in London and collaborated with an American architect on a building that uses color-coded pipes.

Renzo Piano

This Belgian surrealist painted The Treachery of Images. Men in bowler hats fall from the sky in this artist's Golconde.

René Magritte

Augusto Pinochet headed this South American country now led by Michelle Bachelet. This country's independence from Spain was fought for by José Miguel Carrera and Bernardo O'Higgins.

Republic of Chile

The US Marines' campaign against Sandino, which included a bombing of some scarecrows set up at his base, occurred concurrently with their occupation of this country. In 1994, the US carried out Operation Uphold Democracy to reinstate this country's president Jean-Baptiste Aristide.

Republic of Haiti <Bentley>

Rabindranath Tagore's hymn "Jana Gana Mana" is written in a heavily Sanskritized register of Bengali and is the national anthem of this country, where Sanskrit and Bengali are two of the 22 official languages.

Republic of India [or Bharat Ganarajya] <Alston>

Francisco Solano Lopez led this country, whose history of repression under Alfredo Stroessner is documented in "Archives of Terror" found in its capital Asuncion.

Republic of Paraguay

Taiwan joined this country, whose longtime leader was Lee Kuan Yew, as one of the economically powerful "Four Asian Tigers." Stamford Raffles founded this country as a trading post.

Republic of Singapore <Cheyne>

This modern-day country is home to Middle Stone Age sites such as the Blombos Cave, which contains 80,000-year-old bone tools. The skull of the Taung Child was found in this country's Cradle of Humankind.

Republic of South Africa <Bentley>

Those aforementioned movements appear in Mozart's unfinished setting of this mass for the dead, which was completed by Franz Xaver Süssmayr.

Requiem in D minor [or requiem mass; or Missa pro defunctis]

Name this piece that was premiered at the 1924 "An Experiment in Modern Music" concert, with Paul Whiteman's band accompanying the composer as soloist.

Rhapsody in Blue

Name these operatic characters, whose innocence is represented by a pentatonic leitmotif. After a long period of lamenting, they seize a certain object from Brünnhilde's ashes.

Rhinemaidens [or Rheintöchter; or Woglinde, Wellgunde, and Flosshilde]

A 1920 treaty with Greece gave Italy control of islands such as this one, whose namesake Colossus statue was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Rhodes [or Rodos] <Bentley>

RENAMO was originally sponsored as an anti-Communist organization by Ian Smith's white-dominated government in this country, which ceased to exist in 1979.

Rhodesia [do not accept or prompt on "Zimbabwe"]

Name this Irish playwright of The Critic, who wrote about the penniless Tom Fashion in A Trip to Scarborough.

Richard Brinsley Sheridan

Name this title character of a poem published in the collection The Children of the Night who, despite being "richer than a king" killed himself "one calm summer night."

Richard Cory [accept either]

The Rhinemaidens appear in the Ring Cycle, a cycle of operas by this German composer of Lohengrin.

Richard Wagner [or Wilhelm Richard Wagner]

The function at the heart of the Basel problem is a special case of this function when s = 2. According to a certain hypothesis, all of the zeros of this function lie along a "critical line."

Riemann zeta function [prompt on Riemann function] <Jose>

Children developed aggressive attitudes towards the opposing "out-group" in this psychology experiment conducted by Muzafer Sherif. It was conducted in a namesake state park and tested realistic conflict theory.

Robbers Cave Experiment <Jose>

Name this brother of an American president, under whom he served as attorney general.

Robert Francis Kennedy [prompt on Kennedy; accept RFK; accept Bobby Kennedy; do not accept or prompt on "JFK" or "John (F.) Kennedy"]

Name this man, the only cabinet member from the Bush administration who joined the Obama cabinet. He wrote the tell-all memoir Duty about his time serving both presidents.

Robert Gates [or Robert Michael Gates]

Madame Bovary has an affair with this character, who plans to elope with her but decides not to do so. At the conclusion, he has drinks with Charles Bovary, who tells him that it was fated that this character would have an affair with his wife.

Rodolphe Boulanger de la Huchette [accept either underlined name] <Jose>

This Flemish contemporary of Jan van Eyck and student of Robert Campin was also an early adopter of oil paint, which he used in Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin and his crossbow-shaped Deposition from the Cross.

Rogier van der Weyden [or Roger de la Pasture] <Bentley>

Name this theorem which basically states that if a function f is continuous on an interval from a to b and f(a) = f(b) ["f of a equals f of b"], then there exists at least one point c in the interval where f'(c) ["f prime of c"] equals zero.

Rolle's theorem

Manitoba's premier Thomas Greenway cut funding for religious schools because the number of Manitoba residents in this church had declined significantly. A plurality of French-speaking Canadians belong to this church.

Roman Catholic Church [prompt on the Christian church]

According to Edward Gibbon, Zenobia "almost fainted under the intolerable weight of jewels" during one of these events. Vercingetorix was strangled after appearing in one of these events, during which a slave had the job of whispering a memento mori.

Roman triumphs <Bentley>

Heine was a member of this early 19th century literary movement, which in Germany grew out of the Sturm und Drang style. This movement generally championed emotion over reason and the beauty of nature over civilization.

Romanticism

This is the nickname of Bruckner's fourth symphony. It also denotes the era of music following the Classical, during which Bruckner composed.

Romanticism

The ECSC created the European Economic Community at a 1957 treaty named for this city. The Lateran Treaty made the Vatican an independent state within this city.

Rome [or Roma] <Brownstein>

The City of Ladies discusses many women from this civilization, including the poets Cornifica and Proba. An epic poem by Virgil discusses the founding of this civilization.

Rome [or Roman civilization]

A transition state analog named CA1P tightly binds to this enzyme and inhibits its function. This enzyme produces two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate from a five carbon molecule and a one carbon molecule.

RuBisCO [or ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase] <Silverman>

"How the Leopard Got His Spots" is one of the Just So Stories by this author that riff on the Jataka tales. This man also wrote The Jungle Book.

Rudyard Kipling [or Joseph Rudyard Kipling]

Most of the burlaki were from this class of enslaved peasants, who were emancipated by Alexander II in 1861.

Russian serfs [or krepostnoi]

Pseudo-geographers used the sunken Yonaguni Monument as evidence that these islands are fragments of a now submerged continent. The largest of these islands is Okinawa.

Ryūkyū Islands <Jose>

The Comanche originally entered the Great Plains after breaking off from the Shoshone people, whose most famous member was this female translator who aided the Lewis and Clark expedition.

Sacagawea [or Sakakawea] <Wang>

This author of Canticle of the Sun spent much time tending to lepers shortly after declaring that he would marry "Lady Poverty." Like Catherine of Siena, he is a patron saint of Italy.

Saint Francis of Assisi

The Decembrist revolt took place in this city. This city became Russia's "Window to the West" after it was constructed on the Baltic, in part by Swedish prisoners captured during the Great Northern War.

Saint Petersburg [or Petrograd; or Leningrad]

After the death of his wife Maria, Constable used the motif of a rainbow in the stormy sky in a painting of Stonehenge and in his depiction of this building "from the meadow." Cows graze on the "bishops' grounds" of this building in another Constable painting.

Salisbury Cathedral [prompt on a cathedral] <Bentley>

Midnight's Children was written by this author, whose memoir Joseph Anton discusses in time in hiding after a fatwa was issued against him for his novel The Satanic Verses.

Salman Rushdie

The sopE and sieA morons are expressed by this bacterial genus, which is grouped into serotypes by the Kauffman-White system. Its species like enterica and typhimirium causes diseases like typhoid fever.

Salmonella [or Salmonella enterica; or Salmonella typhimirium] <Jose>

Name this woman. She isn't Lysistrata, but a play about her was illustrated with black and white pen and ink drawings by Aubrey Beardsley.

Salome

Under Reagan, this man authored a document arguing for the president to make greater use of signing statements. This man took over the seat vacated by Sandra Day O'Connor on the Supreme Court.

Samuel Alito [or Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr.] <Bentley>

Name this American composer of Knoxville: Summer of 1915, who adapted a movement from his B minor string quartet into Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber [or Samuel Osborne Barber II]

This Irish author would write his novels, such as Murphy and Molloy, in English, then translate them into French. He often did the same for his absurdist plays, such as Krapp's Last Tape and Endgame.

Samuel Beckett [or Samuel Barclay Beckett]

Name this man, the first and third president of the Republic of Texas. The most populous city in Texas is now named for him.

Samuel Houston

Name this author of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, who light-heartedly defined "monsieur' as "a term of reproach for a Frenchman" in his Dictionary of the English Language.

Samuel Johnson

Name this author, who wrote about Sir Hargrave Pollexfen kidnapping Harriet Byron in his novel The History of Sir Charles Grandison.

Samuel Richardson

Name this "most serene republic," which is situated between the Marche (MAR-kay) and Emilia-Romagna (ay-MEEL-yah row-MON-yuh) regions of Italy.

San Marino

The Rig Veda contains a hymn to ghee, which is naturally written in the Vedic form of this ancient classical language of the Indian subcontinent.

Sanskrit <Kothari>

The present age will be transformed into a "glorious" age when this Zoroastrian savior comes and brings about the "final renovation" of the World.

Saoshyant <Jose>

Identify this novella whose title sculptor stabs a young opera singer named Zambinella after he falls in love with her and discovers that she is a castrato.

Sarrasine

Another of Allende's protagonists, Eva Luna, tells stories to survive and make a living and was partly inspired by this character from the Arabian Nights, who staves off her execution by continuously leaving cliffhangers in the nightly tales she tells her husband King Shahryar.

Scheherazade [or Sheherazade] <Jose>

This speech declared that the European Coal and Steel Community would make war "not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible." This "Declaration" is named for the French foreign minister who wrote it.

Schuman Declaration [or Schuman Plan]

Name this 1925 case that concerned the teaching of the theory of evolution.

Scopes Monkey Trial [or The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes]

Both Mendelssohn's third symphony and his concert overture Fingal's Cave were inspired by his visit to this country.

Scotland [prompt on Great Britain; prompt on United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or UK; do not accept or prompt on "England"] <Kothari>

Identify these mysterious "peoples" that ravaged the eastern Mediterranean world during the Bronze Age Collapse.

Sea Peoples

The protagonist takes a vacation to India after a business trip to Thailand in The Temple of Dawn, which is an entry in this four-part series of novels by Yukio Mishima that begins with Spring Snow.

Sea of Fertility tetralogy [or Hōjō no Umi]

Name this inland sea, which is connected to the Black Sea via the Bosphorus. Water from the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus joins in a strait that empties into this sea.

Sea of Marmara

Gates served in this cabinet position before resigning in 2011. Ash Carter is the current holder of this position, which was earlier held by Donald Rumsfeld.

Secretary of Defense

Name this family. A member of this family, Francesco, became duke of a city previously ruled by the Viscontis.

Sforzas

Carrying is among the 39 kinds of melachah prohibited on this day of the week which commemorates God's rest after the creation.

Shabbat [or Shabbos; or the Sabbath]

Apartheid regulation intensified after this 1960 massacre, in which white police officers shot and killed over 60 black people during a protest against the pass laws.

Sharpeville Massacre

Name this author of the collection The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven and the novel The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian.

Sherman Alexie

Non-Muslims who blaspheme are given a chance to convert before execution in the Ja'fari school of fiqh, which is prominent in this second largest branch of Islam, after Sunni.

Shi'a [or Shi'ite]

This indigenous religion of Japan worships many kami associated with food and agriculture, such as the harvest god Tano and Uke Mochi, who produces food from her own body.

Shinto [or kami-no-michi]

The anonymously written book The Mongrel Pillow, which contains such sections as "Things That Stand One's Hair on End," is a parody of this Heian-period author's observations of courtly life.

Shonagon Sei [accept names in either order]

Dionysius I ruled a city on this island. The monster Typhon was eventually trapped under Mount Etna on this island.

Sicily [or Sicilia]

Identify this city which commissioned Ambrogio Lorenzetti to paint the Allegory of Good and Bad Government. Artists such as Simone Martini and Duccio also worked in this city.

Siena

This author used the style of sagas as a model for her first novel, Gunnar's Daughter. This author wrote The Master of Hestviken tetralogy and created a character who wears a wreath at her wedding despite her seduction by Erlend.

Sigrid Undset

Fafnir was slain by this hero, a son of Sigmund who gains the ability to understand the language of the birds after tasting Fafnir's blood.

Sigurd [accept Siegfried]

Much of the prosperity of the Middle East during the Middle Ages can be attributed to this network of trade routes that connected the Far East with the Middle East. It is named for a good produced by a type of worm.

Silk Road

Name this baron who reinstituted the Provisions of Oxford after winning the Battle of Lewes. He was killed at Evesham a year later.

Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester

This author fictionalized herself and her lover Nelson Algren in The Mandarins. She also wrote the treatise The Second Sex.

Simone de Beauvoir [or Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir]

"The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" was written by this 16th century English poet. He attacked "men of high condition" and "church and court" in his poem "The Lie" and was ultimately executed for treason.

Sir Walter Raleigh [or Sir Walter Ralegh]

This Palestinian national shot and killed RFK in 1968 because Kennedy had supported Israel during the Six-Day War.

Sirhan Sirhan

Bryan played a role in both the growth of the Christian fundamentalism movement and this other Protestant movement also led by Washington Gladden. This movement sought to improve the conditions of industrial society through Christian teachings.

Social Gospel <Bentley>

Blum was a precursor of this French party which formed at the Alfortville Congress and was once led by Francois Mitterrand.

Socialist Party [or Parti Socialiste]

To explain his views on gender roles, Driscoll often refers to this erotic book of the Old Testament about a Shulamite and her lover, who "pastures his flock among the lilies."

Song of Solomon [or Song of Songs; or Canticle of Canticles; or Sir HaSirim; or Asma Asmaton] <Kothari>

Name this woman who died in 2005 at the age of 105. She was noted for her trips abroad to promote the Nationalist cause and for her work as her husband's translator.

Soong May-ling [or Madame Chiang Kai-shek; or answers such as Mrs. Chiang]

Name this title character of a 1979 novel who ultimately commits suicide with her schizophrenic lover, Nathan Landau.

Sophie Zawatowska [or Sophie Zawatowska]

Name this playwright, who in another poem is thought to have considered the "turbid ebb and flow of human misery" when he heard the "eternal note of sadness" on the Aegean.

Sophocles

Name this body of water where Vietnam lost skirmishes over the Spratly and Paracel Islands during the 1970s and 1980s.

South China Sea

Name this country, whose leader lives in the Blue House. In 1953, this country was split from its communist northern neighbor by a demilitarized zone.

South Korea [or Republic of Korea]

Name this country that promoted the genre of the mass song. A composer from this country frequently used the four-note pattern D E-flat C B in his works, which was based on his initials.

Soviet Union [or Russia or USSR; the Symphony of Factory Sirens was composed by Arseny Avraamov]

Name this country whose Olympic highlights include the violent "Blood in the Water" match with a southern neighbor. It hosted the widely-boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.

Soviet Union [or USSR; or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; or CCCP; prompt on Russia]

Name this Catholic country. A style of writing called the Black Legend emphasizes the evils of this country's South American empire and its active Inquisition.

Spain [or Kingdom of Spain or Reino de Espana]

The Soviet Union also hosted massive sports competitions named for this person every four years in Moscow. A revolutionary group named for this person was led by Karl Liebknecht and the author of the "Junius pamphlet."

Spartacus [or Spartakiads; or Spartacist League] <Brownstein>

On May 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh began his successful nonstop flight from New York to Paris in this single engine plane.

Spirit of St. Louis

"Francesco Sforza came to power by deposing a "Golden Republic" named for this historical person. The republic named for this person was led by 24 "Captains and Defenders of Liberty."

St. Ambrose [or Golden Ambrosian Republic; or Aurea Repubblica Ambrosiana] <Brownstein>

In 1931, Louis Armstrong also recorded this song that states "Sometimes I wonder / Why I spend the lonely nights / Dreaming of a song, / The melody / Haunts my reverie." Its tune was composed by Hoagy Carmichael.

Stardust <Jose>

Name this author, whose Italian Chronicles contains an adaptation of The Cenci. One of this author's protagonists fights for Napoleon at Waterloo and is locked up in a tower for murdering Giletti, despite the influence of Count Mosca.

Stendhal [or Marie-Henri Beyle]

The Black Riders was the only book of poetry by this author, whose other poems include one that exhorts "Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind." One of his short stories opens with the line "None of them knew the color of the sky."

Stephen Crane

Sweden's temperance movement was kickstarted by a Temperance Society founded by Samuel Owen in this city, the country's capital.

Stockholm <Brownstein>

This monument consists of carved blocks of silcrete organized into a circular post-and-lintel structure. It is located in modern-day Wiltshire, England.

Stonehenge

Identify these objects, which include the Lady Blunt, named after a descendant of Lord Byron. In a 1977 test, Isaac Stern and Pinchas Zukerman were unable to distinguish between some of these things and others made in the 19th century.

Stradivarius instruments [or Stradivarius violins; prompt on instruments, violins, cellos, or other less specific answers]

Perhaps the most celebrated alum of the Carlisle School was Jim Thorpe, whose achievements at the 1912 iteration of this event were stripped by the IOC because he was not an amateur. 11 Israelis were killed in the Munich iteration of this event in 1972.

Summer Olympics [or Games of the Olympiad]

Orthodox Great Lent is a little shorter than Western Lent, both because it ends before Lazarus Saturday and because the Orthodox don't exclude these days of the week, which Catholics leave out of the count when determining the length of Lent.

Sundays <Mehigan>

The aging former silent film star Norma Desmond memorably states "I am big, it's the pictures that got small" in this Billy Wilder film, in which the screenwriter Joe Gillis becomes her kept man.

Sunset Boulevard <Jose>

Many of the factories formerly run by Monsanto are now these kinds of sites, which are defined by the EPA as having a high amount of toxic pollutants. These locations were first defined by a 1980 act.

Superfund sites <Jose>

Name this home to Three Mile Island, a river that flows through New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Its name comes from a Len'api word meaning "River of Oysters."

Susquehanna River

Name this author, who interviewed hundreds of eyewitnesses to present an "oral history of a nuclear disaster" in her book Voices of Chernobyl.

Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich

Name this country whose temperance movement led to the establishment of alcohol ration-books in 1917. An alcoholic and drug addict was the only person tried for the unsolved murder of its Prime Minister Palme in 1986.

Sweden [or Sverige]

Griffiths and Tufillaro showed that this variant of a device containing a massless pulley and a massless string exhibits chaotic behavior.

Swinging Attwood's machine [prompt on partial answer] <Reinstein>

Like Finlandia, this symphony by Sibelius became popular among Finnish patriots, since it was composed in Italy and thought to have escaped Russian influence. Its slow movement was inspired by a vision of Don Juan.

Symphony No. 2 in D major [or Sibelius's second symphony] <Alston>

Shostakovich's symphony of this number was labeled by the press "a Soviet artist's creative response to justified criticism." The violins play variations on a three-note repetition of A's in Shostakovich's symphony of this number.

Symphony No. 5 <Bentley>

This man, South Korea's first democratically elected president was ousted in the April 19 Revolution and exiled to Hawaii. He was known for his suppression of dissidents, such as his army's massacre of over 15,000 people on Jeju Island.

Syngman Rhee

Peter's other attacks on the traditional power of the boyars included this system of official positions which was based a grid layout of military, civil, and court posts.

Table of Ranks [or Tabel' o Rangakh] <Brownstein>

In 1949, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, along with her husband, fled to this island after China fell to the Communists. This island became the Republic of China.

Taiwan [or Formosa]

Name this early mythical king, who was punished by being forced to stand in a pool of water such that food and drink remained eternally just out of reach.

Tantalus

In this other play by the author of The Misanthrope, Elmire's husband, Orgon, hides under a table to hear the title hypocritical holy man making advances to her.

Tartuffe, or the Impostor [or The Hypocrite]

The Glass Menagerie is a play by this American playwright of A Streetcar Named Desire and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.

Tennessee Williams

Some sources state that this Muse, whose primary domain was dancing, was the mother of Parthenope and the rest of the sirens with the river god Achelous.

Terpischore

Many people who were ultimately prosecuted under the Rockefeller drug laws were arrested during one of these proceedings. The name for this type of police stop comes from a 1968 Supreme Court case concerning reasonable suspicion.

Terry stops

The southern terminus of the Chisholm Trail was in this state, whose longhorn cattle were also driven along the Goodnight-Loving Trail. The siege of the Alamo also occurred in what would become this state.

Texas <Jose>

Mencken once described the value of this novel about a friend of Tom Sawyer and the runaway slave Jim as "worth the whole work of Emerson with two-thirds of the work of Whitman thrown in."

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn <Jose>

"Baudelaire calls the Poet a "prince of space" in a poem asserting that the wings of this bird "hobble his pace when exiled from his heights to the Earth below."

The Albatross <Jose>

Name this 16th century dialogue which called for the replacement of mercenaries by militias, and shares its name with a 6th century BC treatise.

The Art of War [or Dell'Arte della Guerra]

In this preceding work to the longer satire A Tale of a Tub, Swift satirized the quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns by depicting a conflict between various styles of certain objects.

The Battle of the Books <Jose>

Identify this four-volume set of life-size paintings depicting creatures such as the Carolina parakeet and the Louisiana heron.

The Birds of America

In this play by the author of Betrayal, the boarders Goldberg and McCann take Stanley away to receive "special treatment" from Monty. Earlier, Stanley receives a drum from Meg during the title event.

The Birthday Party

Identify this 1895 book of poetry, whose first poem imagines the "clang and clang of spear and shield" of a group who "came from the sea."

The Black Riders and Other Lines

This novel by Stendhal ends with its protagonist, Fabrizio del Dongo, retiring to the title Italian monastery.

The Charterhouse of Parma [or La Chartreuse de Parme]

Name this play, in which Strepsiades and his slave Xanthias set fire to Socrates' Thinkery in revenge for his having taught sophistry to Strepsiades' son Pheidippides.

The Clouds [or Nephelai]

Tolstoy also wrote this novella about a judge served by Gerasim; the judge dies soon after he falls while hanging some curtains.

The Death of Ivan Ilych [or Smert' Ivana Ilyicha] <Jose>

Another goal for politicians hoping to win Iowa is to earn an endorsement from this Des Moines newspaper. Ann Selzer runs a highly respected poll of Iowa for this largest paper in the state.

The Des Moines Register <Bentley>

Name this four-minute solo dance, inspired by a poem of Alfred, Lord Tennyson that depicts the last moments of the a certain creature. Anna Pavlova performed this piece over 4,000 times.

The Dying Swan

Mailer's nonfiction novels include this one about Gary Gilmore, who is sentenced to death for killing two men during an armed robbery he committed while out on parole.

The Executioner's Song

The divisions of the year title these first four pieces in Vivaldi's The Contest Between Harmony and Invention.

The Four Seasons [or Le quattro stagioni]

Paradise and damnation also flank this other triptych by Hieronymus Bosch. In the central scene of this painting, a concert takes place on the title vehicle, which is crushing several people as it makes its way across the landscape.

The Haywain Triptych <Bentley>

The death of Lily Bart ends this novel, which takes its title from a passage in the Book of Ecclesiastes about where the "heart of fools" can be found.

The House of Mirth

Allende contrasts the cruelties of the patriarch Esteban Trueba with that of the political activist Alba in this novel that was partly inspired by the Chilean coup of 1973.

The House of the Spirits [or La casa de los espiritus]

In this other novel by H. G. Wells, Edward Prendick discovers that the character is a vivisectionist who has been creating animal-human hybrids.

The Island of Dr. Moreau <Jose>

The silent era effectively ended when this film premiered. In it, Al Jolson's character says "Wait a minute, wait a minute, you ain't heard nothin' yet!"

The Jazz Singer

Berenger pleads with the title character of this Ionesco play, who lures his victims to their deaths by offering to show them "a picture of the colonel" before drowning them.

The Killer [or Tueur sans gages; or The Killer without Reason; or The Killer without Cause] <Jose>

This other play by the author of The Clouds harshly satirizes the Athenian politician Cleon by depicting him competing with the sausage seller Agoracritus for the approval of Demos, or the people.

The Knights [or Hippeis]

Veronese was forced by the Church to rename his painting of this scene Feast in the House of Levi. In Leonardo's version, Judas sits cast in shadow and spills a salt cellar.

The Last Supper

The imprint of Gluck's influence is also found in this Mozart Singspiel. In this opera, the Queen of the Night orders Pamina to kill Sarastro in the aria "Der Hölle Rache" (der HER-luh RAHK-huh).

The Magic Flute [or Die Zauberflöte] <Kothari>

H. L. Mencken was one of the co-founders of Black Mask, the first magazine to serialize this Dashiell Hammett novel which opens with Sam Spade learning of the death of his partner Miles Archer.

The Maltese Falcon

During the reign of James I, a group of English Puritans set off from England to Plymouth, Massachusetts on this ship. The pilgrims on this ship signed a namesake compact.

The Mayflower <Bentley>

Portia appears in this William Shakespeare play. In this play, Bassanio is lent a sum of money by Shylock, who intends to take a pound of flesh from Antonio if it is not repaid.

The Merchant of Venice

Lawrence is perhaps best known for this series on the life of African Americans who moved north. A couple sit at a bare table beneath a pot hanging from an enormous nail in the tenth entry in this series, "They were very poor."

The Migration Series [or the Migration of the Negro] <Bentley>

Name this play whose excessively-honest title character is rejected by Celimene (seh-lee-men), prompting him to renounce society and go live as a hermit.

The Misanthrope, or the Cantankerous Lover [or Le Misanthrope ou l'Atrabilaire amoureux]

Name this fictional play-within-a-play, also called The Mousetrap, which is used to "catch the conscience of the king" in the play in which it appears.

The Murder of Gonzago

Name this novel, in which Ashima gives the nickname Gogol to her child, who grows up and goes to Yale.

The Namesake

Born in Antwerp, Frans Hals moved to Haarlem in this modern-day country during its Golden Age. Jan Vermeer painted a view of Delft, a city in this country, in 1660.

The Netherlands [or the Dutch Republic; or Holland]

Despite straying from the house-style of Naturalism, many of Cheever's stories, such as "The Swimmer" were first published in this magazine. E. B. White was a longtime contributor to this magazine, known for cartoons that accompany its pieces.

The New Yorker <Bentley>

In the "Retraction," Chaucer apologizes for writing this other poem of his, a "dream vision" in which the speaker witnesses a gathering of the title animals choosing their mates. The idea of St. Valentine's Day being a day for lovers may have been popularized by this poem.

The Parlement of Fowls [or The Parliament of Foules; or The Parliament of Birds or The Parlement of Briddes; or Assembly of Fowls or Assemble of Foules] <Jose>

Republican candidates in Iowa frequently make trips to this Midwest fast-food chain, which advertises that it "believes in the power of prayer." Mike Huckabee won Iowa in 2008 in part by hard-selling patrons of this buffet chain from its free-to-use party rooms.

The Pizza Ranch, Inc.

The author of The Art of War also wrote this treatise, whose title figure is advised to avoid flatterers and beat fortuna down like a woman due to her impetuosity.

The Prince [or Il Principe]

Stephen Crane's other prose works include this novella about Henry Fleming, a youth who enlists to fight with the Union in the Civil War but subsequently deserts.

The Red Badge of Courage <Jose>

Name this ballet about the poor peasant Wu Qinghua, who is eventually given shelter by the title group of people. At the end of this ballet, the Tyrant's granaries are opened for public use.

The Red Detachment of Women

Name this philosophical text whose characters construct a "just city in speech," Kallipolis, which is ruled philosopher-kings.

The Republic

Name this novel about Captain Larsen of the ship Ghost and his violent rivalry with his brother Death.

The Sea-Wolf

Name this novel, whose final section "Ten Years Later" follows Thea Kronborg as she magnificently performs the lead role in the opera The Valkyrie.

The Song of the Lark

In this symphonic poem inspired by a Goethe ballad, three bassoons introduce the bumptious 3/8 motif. Mickey Mouse brings brooms to life in scenes set to this Paul Dukas (doo-KAHSS) piece in both Fantasia films.

The Sorcerer's Apprentice [or L'apprenti sorcier] <Lifshitz>

Quentin walks around Cambridge listening to his watch in this William Faulkner novel about the Compson family, whose famously difficult first chapter is narrated by Benjy.

The Sound and the Fury

Islands in the South China Sea supposedly form some of the namesake nodes of this hypothesized network of maritime strong points that is often used as a stand-in for China's Indian Ocean strategy.

The String of Pearls <Reinstein>

Pedro Romero is a character in this novel. Robert Cohn calls this novel's narrator Jake Barnes a "damned pimp" after Barnes sets up Romero and Lady Brett.

The Sun Also Rises [or Fiesta]

Name this painting of a black and brown pipe set against a beige background. Beneath the pipe is the sentence "Ceci n'est pas une pipe."

The Treachery of Images [or La Trahison des images]

Name this circular painting influenced by Orientalism, which shows several nude women resting in the title facility.

The Turkish Bath [or Le Bain Turc]

In this other Friedrich painting, the title traveler holds a walking stick and gazes out from a rock onto a mountainous landscape. The man in this painting may be a portrait of a deceased colonel in the Saxon infantry.

The Wanderer above the Sea of Fog [or The Wanderer above the Sea of Mist or Der Wanderer über dem Nebelmeer] <Bentley>

This other novel by H. G. Wells, who created Griffin in The Invisible Man, tells of a Martian invasion of Earth shortly after a meteor is found in the narrator's backyard. It ends with the Martians leaving since they lack biological defenses against Earth's microbes.

The War of the Worlds

This other Ibsen play also ends with a suicide by pistol, in this case committed by Hedvig in the loft of her family's apartment.

The Wild Duck [or Vildanden] <Brownstein>

Give the name for this turbulent period of Italian history, which lasted from the late 1960s to the early 1980s.

The Years of Lead [or anni de piombo]

Name this entity, which will be "repacked" after that aforementioned reverse auction as part of a plan to free it up for wireless use.

The broadcast spectrum

Name this president of Myanmar who had previously been a prime minister and general. This man was criticized internationally for his approach to the Rohingya people, but praised for releasing many political prisoners.

Thein Sein [prompt on partial answer]

Name this politician, who commanded the Athenian navy at the Battles of Artemisium and Salamis.

Themistocles

The idea that the Minoan Civilization was ended after a volcanic eruption on this island has largely been discredited. However, the Minoan civilization of Akrotiri on this island almost definitely ended due to that eruption.

Thera [or Santorini] <Jose>

This author wrote about the anonymity of the country dead in his poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard."

Thomas Gray

Name this man, whose literary output includes his Notes on the State of Virginia, a work praising New World flora and fauna over those of the Old World.

Thomas Jefferson

Ehrlich expanded on the work of this 18th-century English thinker, who warned that the human population grew exponentially but food production could only grow linearly.

Thomas Malthus [or Thomas Robert Malthus]

The execution of Charles I became possible after this colonel of the New Model Army detained less radical members of the Long Parliament as part of his namesake "purge," thus creating the Rump Parliament.

Thomas Pride <Wang>

Tottel's Miscellany contains the verses of this English poet, who is credited with inventing the English sonnet form. His poem "Whoso List to Hunt" may be an allegory about his love for Anne Boleyn.

Thomas Wyatt <Jose>

"Shine On, Harvest Moon" was a song put out by this group of music publishers in the early 20th century America. It is named for a specific location in between two avenues in New York City.

Tin Pan Alley <Jose>

According to the Annales Cambriae, Uther Pendragon sleeps with Ygraine in this fortification, which is the birthplace of King Arthur. Gorlois wrongly believes it to be the safest castle in all of Britain.

Tintagel Castle <Jose>

Name this empirical "law" named for two astronomers, that roughly predicts the spacing of planets in the Solar System.

Titius-Bode Law [accept Titius Law]

This historian, who reported that he survived a suicide pact by making sure that he was the last person to draw a lot, described the war between the Roman Empire and the Jewish population in his The Jewish War.

Titus Flavius Josephus [or Joseph ben Matityahu] <Jose>

Septimus teaches Thomasina about Newtonian determinism in Arcadia, a play by this Czech-born British playwright.

Tom Stoppard [or Tomáš Straussler] <Kothari>

Identify this journalist whose profile of Phil Spector, "The First Tycoon of Teen," was collected in The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby. He also wrote the novels I Am Charlotte Simmons and The Bonfire of the Vanities.

Tom Wolfe [or Thomas Kennerly Wolfe, Jr.]

Elizabeth Warren has criticized this agreement for including ISDS in its many provisions. This agreement also forces New Zealand to adopt longer copyright protections and outlaws countries forcing manufactures to make source code public.

Trans-Pacific Partnership [or TPP]

Name this country home to C. L. R. James, the author of The Black Jacobins. A novel by a writer born in this country depicts the shopkeeper Salim's life in an area ruled by the "Big Man."

Trinidad and Tobago

The dissonant first chord of this other Wagner opera is often named after it. This opera's title lovers are a Breton knight and an Irish princess who sings a "Liebestod" as the two commit suicide.

Tristan and Isolde [or Tristan und Isolde] <Kothari>

Corporal Trim appears in this novel by Laurence Sterne, in which the title character is circumcised by a falling window while urinating and is not actually born until its third volume.

Tristram Shandy

Identify this war chronicled in Homer's Iliad, which is fought after Paris kidnaps Helen.

Trojan War [or Siege of Troy]

In 1917, a KKK-associated group tarred and feathered members of the IWW in this city. The "Black Wall Street" of Greenwood District was burned to the ground by whites during this city's 1921 race riot.

Tulsa, Oklahoma <Golimlim>

Name this leader, the nephew of Huascar and Atahualpa, who was executed by the Spanish in 1572.

Tupac Amaru [prompt on Tupac]

Jirō runs his restaurant Sukiyabashi Jirō from a basement in this Japanese city's Ginza shopping district, located near its massive Tsukiji Fish Market. Surprisingly, this city has almost three times as many Michelin-star restaurants as Paris.

Tōkyō <Wang>

Name this military action code-named Operation Urgent Fury, which overthrew the Marxist New Jewel Movement and installed a government more friendly to capitalism.

U.S. invasion of Grenada [or obvious equivalents]

This current Kenyan president has taken increased measures to curb the illegal heroin trade, including having his Interior Ministry blow up a drug-smuggling yacht in August 2015.

Uhuru Kenyatta [prompt on Kenyatta] <Golimlim>

Name this country with an ongoing dispute with Russia over the Crimean peninsula.

Ukraine

Name this modern-day country where the Yalta Conference was held. Over 600,000 Soviets were killed or captured during the Nazi encirclement of its capital, Kiev.

Ukraine [or Ukrayina]

This Futurist artist nonetheless used the Victory of Samothrace as a source for his bronze sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. His paintings include The City Rises and three views of a train station entitled States of Mind.

Umberto Boccioni

The Man without a Country" was intended to galvanize pro-Union sentiment for the Civil War; this anti-slavery book by Harriet Beecher Stowe had similar effects.

Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly <Jose>

Steven Levitt is an economist from this university, whose economics department employed Gary Becker and Ronald Coase and was known for its neoclassical, free-market views.

University of Chicago

The Department of Defense recently announced that it would no longer provide funds to study at this largest for-profit university chain, owned by the Apollo Group, which has greatly expanded since its first class of eight students in Arizona in 1976.

University of Phoenix

Other sources of iron ore include the Gogebic (go-GEE-bick) Range and the Marquette Range, which are two mountain chains found on this peninsula. The Mackinac (MACK-ih-naw) Bridge links this peninsula with the rest of its state.

Upper Peninsula of Michigan <Jose>

Scribes spelled the name of Shulgi, a king of this city, with a Dingir sign, indicating that he was deified during his lifetime. Leonard Woolley excavated the "Ram in a Thicket" statues in this city.

Ur [do not accept "Uruk"] <Bentley>

Galileo dedicated the Two Chief World Systems to the eighth pope of this name, who had just been elected. That same pope of this name excommunicated Odoardo I of Parma during the War of Castro.

Urban VIII <Bentley>

Name this 1952 experiment, devised as a test of a hypothesis developed by Alexander Oparin. It used electrodes to simulate lightning strikes in a gaseous mixture of water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen.

Urey-Miller experiment [or Miller-Urey experiment; or Urey experiment; or Miller experiment]

In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the title character encounters this man, who survived an ancient flood. Gilgamesh finds an herb of immortality after visiting this man.

Utnapishtim [or Utanapishtim] <Jose>

Thomas More's island has this name, derived from the Greek for "nowhere," which has since come to denote any imaginary perfect society.

Utopia [or Utopy]

Life magazine's most iconic photograph may be Alfred Eisenstaedt's photo of a sailor and a nurse embracing following an announcement on August 14, 1945, which is known as this day.

V-J Day [or Victory over Japan Day or Victory in the Pacific Day; or V-P Day; prompt on Victory Day]

Mobutu Sese Seko may have inspired this author's depiction of the "Big Man" in his novel A Bend in the River. This Trinidadian author also wrote A House for Mr. Biswas.

V. S. Naipaul [or Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul]

Like Huxley, many perennialists were inspired by this Hindu school's Advaita sub-school, which teaches that atman is brahman. This school is based on the Upanishads and takes its name from the four key texts of early Hinduism.

Vedanta [accept neo-Vedanta]

The Nguyen Dynasty fought against the French colonization of this present-day Southeast Asian country, whose "North" and "South" halves were united after the fall of Saigon.

Vietnam [or Socialist Republic of Vietnam]

Name this body of water. Peasants known as burlaki used harnesses and ropes to drag barges up and down this body of water.

Volga River

This author's fictional biography of Christopher Columbus popularized the misconception that the scholars of the medieval era believed in a flat earth. His book Salmagundi was the first to call New York City "Gotham."

Washington Irving

Name this artist, a friend of Arnold Schoenberg who tried to incorporate the elements of music into his Composition series of paintings. He led an art movement that Franz Marc belonged to.

Wassily Kandinsky

Name these riots which took place in a namesake neighborhood for about a week in August, 1965.

Watts Riots

This man helped the cause with frequent guest appearances on the Tomorrowland segment of the Disneyland TV program. This German-born rocket scientist helped develop NASA's Saturn rockets after being appropriated from Nazi Germany in Operation Paperclip.

Wernher von Braun [do not accept or prompt on "Braun"]

Jerome Robbins also choreographed this musical, which is a loose adaptation of Romeo and Juliet set in New York City. It depicts two rival gangs named the Sharks and the Jets.

West Side Story <Jose>

Name this political party which split into Cotton and Conscience factions. This party coalesced around Henry Clay and Daniel Webster in 1834 on a platform opposing Andrew Jackson's Democrats.

Whigs

Many members of this religion follow its "Rede," which states "An it harm none, do what ye will." Gerald Gardner popularized this faith which is often associated with witchcraft and symbolized by a pentagram.

Wiccan

Jamaica is also the setting for much of Jean Rhys's novel about Antoinette Cosway, which is titled for this "wide" body of water.

Wide Sargasso Sea <Brownstein>

The Manitoba Schools Question allowed this man to defeat Charles Tupper in the 1896 federal election. This man was Canada's first French-speaking prime minister.

Wilfrid Laurier [or Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier] <Bentley>

In 1972, Hurricane Agnes caused major flooding of the Susquehanna centered around this city. Located near Scranton, it was named in part to honor the coiner of the term "Sons of Liberty."

Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania <Jose>

This author's novel The Moonstone, commonly considered the first detective novel in English, popularized the "locked room" trope, in which a crime is committed under seemingly impossible circumstances.

Wilkie Collins [or William Wilkie Collins]

The Song of the Lark was written by this author, who set many of her novels, such as My Antonia, in Nebraska.

Willa Cather

This poet criticized Newton in his poem "You Don't Believe," and made a monotype depicting Newton sitting naked on a rock while drawing with a compass. He included "The Tyger" in his collection Songs of Innocence and of Experience.

William Blake

"Leda and the Swan" was written by this Irish poet of "Sailing to Byzantium" and "Easter 1916".

William Butler Yeats

"To a Poor Old Woman" and "This is Just to Say" were written by this American poet whose other poems include one observing "So much depends upon a red wheelbarrow."

William Carlos Williams

"Thanatopsis" is a meditation on death written by this American poet, who was just seventeen when it was published. His other nature-inspired poetry includes "To a Waterfowl."

William Cullen Bryant

Name this artist who achieved commercial success by selling subscriptions to prints of works such as Marriage a la Mode and Beer Street / Gin Lane.

William Hogarth

During the Scopes trial, Clarence Darrow called this man, the prosecution's lawyer, to the stand and asked him questions about the creation of Eve. This man died five days after the trial.

William Jennings Bryan

This scholar created and names the first English translation of the Bible. In 1536, this man was executed by strangulation for heresy in the Netherlands.

William Tyndale

Name this English composer who set poems by Edith Sitwell in his Facade. Edith's brother Osbert selected the text he used in his extremely popular cantata Belshazzar's Feast.

William Walton [or William Turner Walton]

In this 2009 novel by Hilary Mantel, Thomas More appears as a fanatic who accuses its protagonist, Thomas Cromwell, of supporting heretics. This novel's sequel is Bring Up the Bodies.

Wolf Hall <Brownstein>

Name this composer. Another of his pieces features a solo trombone melody in the "Tuba mirum," pits menacing male voices against soothing female voices in the "Confutatis," and ends with a setting of the "Lux aeterna" hymn.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Each part of H.D.'s The Walls Do Not Fall contains a date that references this conflict. The speaker sits "in one of the dives on Fifty-second Street" in W. H. Auden's poem about the start of this conflict, "September 1, 1939".

World War II [or the Second World War]

The investiture controversy was eventually ended by a Concordat signed in this German city. Martin Luther was questioned at a 1521 diet in this city.

Worms <Brownstein>

In 1996, this trumpeter founded Jazz at Lincoln Center, which is devoted to music education. He also composed the oratorio Blood on the Fields.

Wynton Marsalis [prompt on Marsalis] <Magin>

Name this character who receives a "deathbed" kiss after declaring his love to Madame Odintsova. He had previously been careless and cut himself during an autopsy, causing his death.

Yevgeny Vasil'evich Bazarov [or Yevgeny Vasil'evich Bazarov]

While serving as Minister of Defense during the First Intifada, this Israeli earned the nickname of "bone breaker" after his instructions to "break the bones" of demonstrators. This man was serving as Prime Minister when he was assassinated in 1995.

Yitzhak Rabin <Bentley>

A parson of this name appears in both Tristram Shandy and Sterne's other novel A Sentimental Journey. In Hamlet, Hamlet calls a person of this name "a fellow of infinite jest" while holding his skull during the graveyard scene.

Yorick <Jose>

An early version of the Instructions was drafted by a man with this ducal title. A house of this name lost the English throne when Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

York <Bentley>

Name this country which Stalin expelled from the Cominform in 1948, prompting its head of state, a former leader of the Partisans, to adopt a policy of self-management.

Yugoslavia [or Kingdom of Yugoslavia or Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]

The disaffected Zen acolyte Mizoguchi becomes distracted by a stray dog in The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, a novel by this author, before eventually burning down the title building at the end of the novel.

Yukio Mishima [accept names in either order]

Hussein produced an Arabic translation of this Voltaire novel, whose title character lusts after Sémire and becomes the slave of Sétoc in Egypt. It's set during the reign of King Moabdar of Babylon.

Zadig, or The Book of Fate [or Zadig ou la Destinée] <Alston>

In the chapter "Why I Am a Destiny" from Ecce Homo, Nietzsche asserts that this man is the "exact reverse of an immoralist." Nietzsche wrote a philosophical novel titled "Thus Spake" this man.

Zarathustra [or Zoroaster] <Jose>

Hakuin, a reviver of the Rinzai school of this sect, experienced enlightenment on hearing the ringing of a temple bell. This school emphasizes sitting meditation called zazen and the study of paradoxical stories called koans.

Zen Buddhism [or Chan Buddhism; prompt on Mahayana Buddhism or Buddhism]

Name this ancient philosopher, who suggested a paradox in which an arrow is not moving at all because time can be infinitely divided.

Zeno of Elea [do not accept or prompt on "Zeno of Citium"]

Name this Queen of Palmyra who revolted against Emperor Aurelian, gaining control of Egypt and some of Asia Minor.

Zenobia [or Julia Aurelia Zenobia; or Septimia Zenobia; or Znwbya Bat Zabbai]

The pirate Chen Zuyi, who ruled the city of Palembang, was defeated and executed during one of the "treasure voyages" of this eunuch admiral of the Ming dynasty.

Zheng He <Brownstein>

Four encoded letters, only one of which has been decoded, were sent by a man claiming to be this unidentified killer, who murdered several people in the Bay Area in the 1960s and 1970s.

Zodiac Killer

Name this composer of a folk opera whose title soldier impresses tavern-goers with fanciful tales. This Hungarian depicted a Viennese musical clock in that work, Háry János (HA-ree YA-nosh).

Zoltán Kodály (KOH-dye)

James Scott's The Art of Not Being Governed examines anarchist resistance to control in this geographical region, encompassing the highlands of Southeast Asia. This term, coined in 2002, derives from the name of a Tibeto-Burman hill people.

Zomia <Ray>

Turnus's possession of one of these articles of clothing taken from a companion of Aeneas named Pallas inspires Aeneas to kill Turnus in a rage at the end of the Aeneid.

a belt

Name this object in the title of the third movement of Ravel's Miroirs (meer-WAHR), which begins in dual 2/4 and 6/8 time with a wide left-hand arpeggio tracing out an F-sharp minor seventh. A tam-tam depicts the destruction of one of these objects in Scheherazade.

a boat [accept equivalents like ship or bark; accept barque, bateau, or vaisseau; accept any specific kind of boat]

The Bryan-Chamorro Treaty granted the US rights to build one of these structures in Nicaragua, though one of these structures was built through Panama instead.

a canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific

In Gitanjali, the speaker exhorts God to let one of these entities awake "where the mind is without fear." One of these entities uses Tagore's hymn "Jana Gana Mana" for formal purposes.

a country [or a nation; accept "Let my country awake"]

Another Madonna by Raphael depicts a young Jesus and John the Baptist frolicking in a meadow and passing one of these birds between them as Mary warmly looks on.

a goldfinch [or Madonna of the Goldfinch; or Madonna del cardellino] <Alston>

Both versions of Magritte's The Human Condition depict these objects that blend into the background sky. In a satirical 1939 painting, three tight-lipped old woman, one holding a porcelain teacup, stand in front of one of these objects.

a painting [or a canvas; or an easel; prompt on a picture, an image, or similar answers] <Hothem>

In the first chapter of Midnight's Children, Saleem's grandfather, the doctor Aadam, falls in his love with his future wife Naseem while examining her through a hole in one of these objects.

a perforated sheet [prompt on a cloth or similar answers] <Brownstein>

In Little Women, after she gives him a pair of slippers, the elderly Mr. Laurence gives Beth March one of these objects which belonged to his deceased granddaughter.

a piano

In the concert étude Un sospiro, Franz Liszt wanted both hands to share the arpeggios and the pentatonic melody, so he alternated stem directions on this unusual notation. Organ music uses this notation for music played on the pedals.

a third staff [or an extra staff; accept three staves or obvious synonyms] <Lifshitz>

Nash riffed on a popular Joyce Kilmer poem titled for one of these plants with the lines, "I think I shall never see, a billboard as lovely as" one of them.

a tree [accept trees; do not accept or prompt on synonyms or more specific answers] <Bentley>

The broken glass figurine depicts this sort of animal. After the accident, Laura imagines that this animal has had an operation to make him feel "less freakish."

a unicorn <Brownstein>

Name this type of procedure legalized in France by the Veil Law, which involves the termination of an unwanted fetus.

abortion [prompt on birth control]

A common example of an activity coefficient less than one is observed in the mixture of chloroform with this simplest ketone, the major component of nail polish remover.

acetone [or dimethyl ketone] <Silverman>

The Williamson synthesis usually doesn't involve a Walden inversion because the substrate has this property. Molecules with this property are optically inactive.

achiral [or not chiral]

Name this specialized vesicle, whose contents degrade the jelly coating that surrounds an egg cell.

acrosome

Name this energy barrier for a reaction to occur.

activation energy [or free energy of activation]

Tables describing the probability of death before the next birthday are commonly used in this discipline, which is used in the insurance and financial sectors to evaluate risks.

actuarial science [accept word forms] <Kothari>

Inflammation is an example of innate or nonspecific immunity, as contrasted with this form of immunity. This type of immunity is acquired after exposure to an antigen through, for example, a vaccination.

adaptive immunity [prompt on acquired immunity]

Thymine dimerization disrupts the hydrogen bonds between thymine and this other base pair, which forms a Watson-Crick base pair with thymine.

adenine

Name this substance, also called "solid smoke" or "frozen smoke." Despite being incredibly brittle, it can support over a thousand times its weight.

aerogels

The Gompertz-Makeham law divides mortality rates into components dependent and independent of this quantity. The life expectancy at birth is the expected value of this quantity at time of death.

age

Robert Butler coined this term to describe acts of prejudice against the elderly. One example of this type of discrimination is "benevolent prejudice," in which the elderly are treated as friendly but incompetent.

ageism [or ageist] <Jose>

Name this type of vehicle which appears in Roy Lichtenstein paintings like Okay Hot-Shot, Okay!, Blam, and Whaam!.

airplanes [or fighter jets; or F-111]

Name these building complexes, one of which contains Eero Saarinen's gullwing-shaped TWA Terminal.

airports

Tensions increased at the beginning of 2016 when China used land reclamation to complete the construction of one of these locations on Fiery Cross Reef.

airstrip [or airbase or airport or runway]

In a finite population, genetic drift eventually leads to this phenomenon, in which an allele achieves 100% frequency. The number of generations it takes for this event to occur equals four times the population size, assuming a large population.

allele fixation [or word forms] <Jose>

Name these solid solutions, exemplified by bronze or brass, which are mixtures of metals with another chemical element.

alloys

Rabelais' follow-up to Pantagruel was titled the Pantagrueline Prognostication and was a parody of these types of works. Benjamin Franklin anonymously published several editions of this type of work under the pen-name Poor Richard.

almanacs

This hydrolase found in saliva is critical for breaking down starches into glucose. It was the first enzyme to be characterized.

alpha-amylase

Both Bernard Marx and Helmholtz Watson are part of this highest of the five castes in Brave New World, though Bernard's physical inferiority causes him to struggle with fitting into it.

alphas <Jose>

Name this element which is predominantly used in the manufacture of soda cans.

aluminum [accept aluminium or Al]

Name these organisms, which are named for the water-filled sacs that surround their young. They include reptiles, birds, and mammals.

amniotes

A famous photo from the Boston busing crisis shows Joseph Rakes using one of these objects as a weapon against Ted Landsmark. Michael Strank, Franklin Sousley, and Harlon Block were killed shortly after being immortalized in a 1945 Joe Rosenthal photograph that features one of these objects.

an American flag [or a flagpole] <Bentley>

Gargantua builds one of these institutions called Theleme for John of the Funnels where the presiding rule is "Do What You Like".

an abbey [or a monastery] <Bentley>

Miro's The Tilled Field includes a tree with one of these body parts on its trunk. An 1889 self-portrait by another artist shows him wearing a fur hat with a bandage over this body part.

an ear <Bentley>

Give this term, which also denotes the Anglophone philosophical tradition, as distinct from the European "continental" tradition.

analytic philosophy [or analytical philosophy]

During the Qingming festival in China, objects belonging to these people are swept. These people are also honored by the burning of joss paper.

ancestors [or obvious equivalents of dead people; or ghosts] <Brownstein>

The authors also noted that cancer cells stimulate this process due to lack of available nutrients deep inside a tumor. This process is normally activated by VEGF in hypoxic tissues.

angiogenesis [or vasculogenesis; prompt on forming blood vessels or similar answers] <Silverman>

Name this quantity that, like energy and momentum, is always conserved.

angular momentum [do not accept "momentum"]

Theodule-Armand Ribot likely coined the name for this symptom of mood disorders, the inability to take pleasure in activities. Its name comes from the Greek for "without pleasure."

anhedonia <Jose>

Many neo-pagan religions can be described by this term, which denotes the belief that non-human entities like animals and plants have spiritual essences. Edward Tylor coined this term, which can also be applied to Shinto.

animism [accept animist religions] <Kothari>

It is considered the first English-language example of one of these collections of poetry, whose name comes from the Greek word for "garland" or "collection of flowers." These compilations often consist of works by several different authors.

anthology

In the reaction, the electrons on the ethoxide attack this kind of orbital for the carbon-chlorine bond. On a molecular orbital bonding diagram, they are the orbitals highest in energy.

antibonding orbitals [or antibonding sigma orbital; prompt on sigma star orbital] <Silverman>

Identify this system of mass racial segregation in South Africa.

apartheid

One listed hallmark was that cancer cells evade this process in response to DNA damage. It is often considered programmed cell death, as opposed to necrosis.

apoptosis

In this kind of often fallacious reasoning, a person attacks another person's character or motives rather than the substance of her argument.

argumentum ad hominem <Jose>

Name this statement which for two numbers x and y states that x plus y divided by two is always greater than or equal to the square root of x times y.

arithmetic mean-geometric mean inequality [or geometric mean-arithmetic mean inequality; or AMGM or GMAM inequality; accept answers indicating the arithmetic mean is greater than or equal to the geometric mean]

Virgil's Aeneid begins with the proclamation Arma virumque cano, in which the poet claims to sing of these two specific things.

arms and the man [accept answers in either order]

Many pieces call for pianists to play these broken chords, in which the notes of a chord are played one at a time.

arpeggios [or arpeggiated chords]

Another cellular mechanism to break down hydrogen peroxide involves redox coupling between glutathione and this compound. This reducing agent is required for hydroxylating lysine during collagen synthesis.

ascorbate [or ascorbic acid; or Vitamin C]

Several lines of "The Deserted Village" make use of this poetic technique, including "Amazed the gazing rustics ranged around." Related to consonance, this technique consists of using similar vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of adjacent words.

assonance <Bentley>

The L3 Earth-Sun Lagrange point is an ideal place to put a spacecraft to detect these large bodies that may cause catastrophic damage if they hit Earth. Vesta and Ceres are two of the largest ones.

asteroids

The bronchioles that lead to alveoli are constricted in this lung disease, leading to symptoms like wheezing. Medication for this disease is often delivered with inhalers.

asthma

Fichte was dismissed from the University of Jena (YEN-uh) for arguing that God was just a moral order that pervades the universe, which led his opponents to accuse him of this belief of the nonexistence of God.

atheism

Identify this belief. A later Englishman, Richard Dawkins, supported this belief in his book The God Delusion.

atheism [or obvious equivalents of "God does not exist"]

Epicurus believed that these entities filled the void. Both Democritus and Leucippus proposed that the universe was composed of these fundamental units.

atoms

Disorganized pacemaker signals cause the atria or ventricles of the heart to quiver instead of contract in this condition, which can be reversed by the application of a sudden electric current.

atrial or ventricular fibrillation [or cardiac arrhythmia] <Zhang>

Many Roman homes contained a collecting basin of rainwater called an impluvium in one of these rooms. These places were often the most richly decorated area of a home, and often contained wax busts of the owner's ancestors.

atrium [or atria] <Jose>

The lysogenic and lytic cycles are the two modes of reproduction for these viruses that infect bacteria.

bacteriophages [or phages]

This class of synovial joint has the greatest free range of motion, since one bone's rounded surface articulates perfectly into the rounded depression of another bone. The shoulder and hip are the only two examples of these joints in the human body.

ball-and-socket joints <Jose>

These pendulums use a completely inelastic collision to measure the initial momentum of an object such as a bullet.

ballistic pendulum

Identify this product which is gathered by workers on a property run by Mr. Brown. When those workers strike, all but one of them are brutally massacred.

bananas [prompt on fruit]

The Donatists were upset with those priests administering this sacrament in particular, the process of initiating a person into Christianity. It is usually administered with water.

baptism [or word forms]

In the reaction, sodium ethoxide uncharacteristically acts as a nucleophile, rather than this type of compound. These compounds accept protons from solution in the Bronsted-Lowry definition.

bases [or Bronsted-Lowry bases]

This sport, an extremely fast-paced style of which is popular on reservations, features in Alexie's poem "Defending Walt Whitman." In a John Irving novel, Owen Meany's skills in this sport save some children from a grenade.

basketball [prompt on rezball] <Brownstein>

Name these things, widely worn among Old Believers and the boyar class, which were targeted in some 1705 decrees implemented by a leader after his Grand Embassy tour of Europe.

beards

Identify this industry, in whose global exports India trails only Brazil.

beef industry [or leather industry or cattle slaughtering industry or butchering industry; prompt on agriculture]

Bandura's discovery that violence could be learned through observation contradicted this school of psychology, whose proponents, like B. F. Skinner, emphasized the role of reward and punishment in learning.

behaviorism [or word forms; do not accept "behavioralism"]

Give this German term that means "novel of formation," which usually depicts the upbringing of a character in the world.

bildungsroman

Metabolism of lipids, on the other hand, is trickier, and requires both lipases and these compounds, most of which are derivatives of cholic acid. These compounds, which are formed by oxidizing cholesterol, allow fatty acids to aggregate into micelles.

bile acids [or bile salts; prompt on bile; prompt on emulsifiers or surfactants] <Jose>

Gravitational radiation is thought to have been emitted by the Hulse-Taylor one of these systems. The barycenter is the center of mass of these kinds of systems.

binary star system <Jose>

Name this quantity, which Sewall Wright plotted on its namesake landscapes to show how it can be optimized in several dimensions.

biological fitness [or fitness landscapes]

Bursts of mania followed by bursts of melancholy or depression characterize this mood disorder, which is often treated with lithium compounds.

bipolar disorder [or bipolar affective disorder; prompt on manic-depressive disorder; do not accept or prompt on "depression."]

A common representation of the Lorentz group uses the "bi" form of these mathematical entities, which transform to their negatives when the space is rotated 360 degrees.

bispinor <Reinstein>

The title of one of Stendhal's novels pairs this color with "Red," where it symbolizes the clergy. Alexander Dumas wrote a novel about a contest to grow a tulip of this color.

black [or noir] <Jose>

In contrast to rationalism, the empiricist John Locke suggested that the mind at birth was one of these things in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.

blank slate [or tabula rasa] <Jose>

Hussein suffered from this disability from the age of three. John Milton acquired this disability later in life and described it in his poem "When I consider how my light is spent."

blindness [accept equivalents indicating the author is blind]

The brain requires ketone bodies for synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, since those lipids cannot pass this barrier. This structure prevents large molecules from getting into the brain.

blood-brain barrier [or BBB] <Golimlim>

Kandinsky's painting of a rider dressed in this color atop a white horse lent its name to that art movement, which developed in 1910s Munich.

blue

Paul eventually inherits these objects, which originally belonged to an airman before being used by Kemmerich, and, after him, Muller.

boots [prompt on shoes or other related answers] <Bentley>

Both the medulla and pons are found in this part of the brain, which connects the midbrain to the spinal cord. Ten of the cranial nerves begin in this structure.

brainstem

Name this behavior which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system by two centers in the medulla and two centers in the pons.

breathing [or word forms; or respiration; or word forms; or ventilation; or word forms; prompt on gas exchange]

Identify this occupation of Pedro Romero, who makes a marriage proposal rejected by Lady Brett Ashley.

bullfighter [or matador or toreador]

Ishiguro's best known novel, The Remains of the Day, is narrated by Stevens, a character who represses his feelings for Miss Kenton and works in this profession for Lord Darlington.

butler [prompt on servant] <Bentley>

Julia Alvarez's novel about the Trujillo-resisting Mirabal sisters is partially titled for these animals.

butterfly [or butterflies; or In the Time of the Butterflies]

Hermes's other symbols include this winged staff that is entwined by a pair of serpents. It was conflated with the staff of Asclepius and thus has now become a symbol of the medical profession.

caduceus [or caducei]

Motor neurons begin the pathway for muscle contraction upon stimulation by this secondary messenger, which enters cells through special voltage-gated channels after an action potential reaches its terminus.

calcium [or Ca2+]

Some of Hewlett-Packard's devices of this kind use reverse Polish notation. There are "scientific" and "graphing" types of these tools.

calculators

Gottfried Leibniz is credited with developing this branch of mathematics independently from Isaac Newton. Leibniz's notation is used to express integrals in this field.

calculus

Perhaps Nash's most famous poem is "Reflection on Ice-Breaking" where he declares that "liquor is quicker" than this dandy food.

candy

Before mummification, the organs were stored in these ceremonial containers, which were guarded by Hapi, Duamutef, Imseti, and Qebehsenuef, four sons of Horus.

canopic jars <Jose>

Name this genre of choral music which was often based on an existing chorale. They include Bach's Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme and Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben.

cantata [or chorale cantata; or church cantata]

Identify this material, traditionally derived from linen. A low-cost type of this material is called cotton duck.

canvas

A proposed solution for limiting carbon is this system of giving producers a fixed amount of carbon allowances, which they can exchange. By changing the number of allowances, the government can raise the private cost of emission to match the social cost.

cap and trade [prompt on emission trading] <Bailey>

Circuits attain resonance when their frequency is the reciprocal of the square root of this quantity times inductance. This quantity is measured in farads.

capacitance

Liquid crystals are introduced into aerogels through this process, in which a liquid flows, sometimes against gravity, due to the adhesion of the liquid to the walls of the namesake structure, often a hollow tube.

capillary action <Jose>

Both the title of "anyone lived in a pretty how town" and E.E. Cummings's own name are usually written without this feature. In more traditional poetry, this feature is used to mark the first word of each line.

capitalization [accept word forms] <Brownstein>

In The Rivals, Anthony Absolute's father holds this military rank. Another man of this rank, Nemo, appears in Jules Verne's novel 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.

captain [accept Captain Absolute or Captain Nemo] <Jose>

In Rabbit At Rest, Rabbit has largely retired from owning one of these businesses. In that novel, Rabbit's son Nelson embezzles from one of these businesses in order to fuel his cocaine addiction.

car dealership [or auto dealership; or Toyota dealership] <Bentley>

Along the Silk Road, travelers could stay in these inns, which were similar to khans. These inns could also be found along the Royal Road and the Grand Trunk Road.

caravansaries <Jose>

Many researchers have reported trapping atoms inside buckyballs, which are comprised of only this element. Diamond and graphene are allotropes of this element.

carbon [or C]

Identify this term for religious movements of Melanesia whose leaders promise that the gods will send material wealth if devotees perform actions such as building mock airstrips and planes.

cargo cults

Nigeria is now the world's largest producer of this other tuber, which is native to the Amazon. This crop, which cannot be eaten raw because it contains cyanide, is often dried to produce tapioca.

cassava [or manioc]

Many Hindu nationalists seek to soften references to this system in textbooks. This system divided Hindu society into groups like religious leaders, or Brahmins, and warriors, or Kshatriyas.

caste system [or varnas; or jatis]

Barr bodies were named for the researcher who discovered X inactivation in these mammals. Tortoiseshell patterns in these animals' fur is the classic example of dosage compensation.

cats [or calico cats; or tortoiseshell cats]

Britten also wrote a passacaglia as the final movement of a "symphony" with this solo instrument, premiered by Mstislav Rostropovich. This low stringed instrument was also played by Yo-Yo Ma.

cello [or violoncello] <Kothari>

The La Recoleta neighborhood in Buenos Aires is home to a Neo-Gothic/Art Deco location of this type. Legend has it that Sara Braun gave everything she had to build one of these places in Punta Arenas in Chile.

cemetery [or necropolis] <Jose>

Name this suppression of speech and works of literature. The novel Fanny Hill had this done to it and was banned in the U.S. for its ribald descriptions of sex.

censorship [accept word forms]

This type of recursion interrupts a phrase with a full phrase of the same type. The grammatical sentence "The cat that the dog chased ran" does it once, but longer examples like "The cat that the dog that the hunter chased chased ran" become unacceptable.

center embedding [prompt on embedding or self-embedding] <Jackson>

Name the acceleration that causes uniform circular motion. This acceleration is normal, or perpendicular, to the motion.

centripetal acceleration

Shabbat dinners often feature this kind of braided bread which may be covered on the dinner table by a decorative cloth.

challah <Kothari>

Though parity conservation sometimes does not exist, the laws of physics are symmetric with a combination of parity inversion, time reversal, and the conjugation of this quantity.

charge [prompt on c]

In Hawaii mythology, fire was guarded by heavenly examples of these animals. In Norse myth, Gullinkambi is one of these animals.

chickens [or hens or roosters] <Jose>

Drought and subsequent flooding in Bengal after the Tambora eruption gave rise to an especially virulent strain of this disease. John Snow deduced that water from the Broad Street pump was causing this disease during an 1854 outbreak in London.

cholera

Aldosterone is synthesized from this molecule, whose own biosynthetic pathway contains mevalonate and squalene intermediates.

cholesterol <Zhang>

Jerome Robbins was know for his work in this art, which focuses on designing the movements of dancers in a dance sequence. Its name comes from the Greek for "writing the dance."

choreography [or choreograph; or choreograopher]

Moore's poem "The Steeple-Jack" describes a man who puts up a "Danger" sign while gilding the star atop one of these buildings. The title character of Willa Cather's Death Comes For the Archbishop establishes one of them in New Mexico.

churches <Brownstein>

This large Central European instrument plays a fast verbunkos (VAIR-boon-kohsh) in the Intermezzo of Kodály's Háry János orchestral suite. Its coupled strings are struck with small mallets.

cimbalom [accept hammered dulcimer] <Lifshitz>

The three basic cloud types are stratus, cumulus, and this kind of thin and wispy cloud that take its name from a Latin word meaning "a lock of hair." The castellanus type of this cloud appears to be "turrets" arising from a central fort cloud.

cirrus clouds

Nielsen's last concerto is for this woodwind instrument, for which Carl Maria von Weber wrote two concertos of his own. Anton Stadler was one of the earliest virtuosi on this instrument, which usually has a black body.

clarinet

Pavlov's work with dogs demonstrated this phenomenon, in which an innate behavior becomes associated with a neutral stimulus, since the neutral stimulus is paired with a potent stimulus. John Watson's Little Albert experiment demonstrated this effect in humans.

classical conditioning [or respondent conditioning; prompt on conditioning or Pavlovian conditioning]

This stringed musical instrument often accompanies the singing and dancing in flamenco. Paco de Lucia was a master of this instrument, which Andres Segovia gained fame for playing in many classical music pieces.

classical guitar <Jose>

The interval on a to b has this property for Rolle's theorem. Intervals with this property include their limit points.

closed interval [accept close and word forms of "closed"] <Jose>

In Mamet's screenplay for the film version of Glengarry Glen Ross, the character Blake delivers a monologue in which he insists to Levene that "coffee's for [people who perform this action] only". Later, Blake points to a blackboard and yells, "always be [performing this action]!"

closing a sale <Bentley>

Name these two commodities, the most notable products of the Ruhr and Saar regions, which named the European Community that preceded the European Union.

coal AND steel [accept in either order]

When modelling a collision, this quantity is equal to the ratio of the difference in final velocities and initial velocities of the objects.

coefficient of restitution [or CoR] <Reinstein>

Holograms were originally created and viewed using light with this property, though rainbow holograms can be viewed in regular white light. Light with the temporal and spatial types of this property comes from a common source with a common wavelength.

coherence [or coherent]

In an apartment provided for him by the Brotherhood, the narrator destroys a racist statue of a black man used to hold these objects. In the "Battle Royale" scene, blindfolded characters are forced to scramble to collect these objects from an electrified rug.

coins [or more specific answers such as pennies, dimes, etc; prompt on money or similar answers] <Brownstein>

Suetonius claims that Caligula's campaign against Britain ended with troops being ordered to perform this action in order to obtain "spoils of the sea."

collecting seashells [or collecting conchae]

Since aerogel is a kind of gel, it is technically one of these chemical solutions consisting of particles dispersed within another substance. Examples of these include milk and fog.

colloids

Name this military rank held by Giorgos Papadopoulos and other members of the military junta which ran a Balkan country for seven years following a 1967 coup.

colonels [or syntagmatarchis]

The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao often compares Trujillo to various sci-fi characters but also includes numerous references to works in this other popular genre, other literary examples of which include Persepolis and Maus.

comic books [or graphic novels] <Jackson>

Watteau's many paintings of characters from this genre include Gilles, in which the white-clad title character stands in front of a doctor with a donkey and several other characters from this genre.

commedia dell'arte [prompt on translations such as comedy of the profession; prompt on Italian theater/comedy] <Bentley>

It is usually classified as this kind of symbiotic relationship, in which one party benefits but the other is unharmed.

commensalism [or word forms]

Identify this method of desegregating schools. The Supreme Court upheld a North Carolina county's plan to use this policy in the case of Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education.

compulsory busing [or desegregation busing; or forced busing]

Flint, opal and other glassy minerals tend to exhibit this type of fracture, which is so-named because the breakage resembles a mussel shell.

conchoidal fracture

This adjective is used to describe a vector field that equals the gradient of a potential function. The work done by such a field is path-independent.

conservative vector field

Gordon Allport is often credited with introducing this theory, which states that prejudice towards a group decreases as one interacts more with that group.

contact hypothesis [or intergroup contact theory]

The law of the excluded middle is complementary to a law forbidding these statements, in which both a statement and its negation are held to be true. The principle of explosion holds that any statement can be derived from one of these.

contradiction [accept law of non-contradiction] <Jose>

For the statement "p implies q," this statement is denoted "not q implies not p." Assuming that "p implies q" is true, then this statement will always be true.

contrapositive <Jose>

The title woman of Botticelli's Birth of Venus adopts this type of pose. In this type of pose, the figure places weight on one leg, causing the hips and shoulders to tilt and creating a more relaxed appearance.

contrapposto <Bentley>

The comparison test is used to show that a series whose partial sums are smaller than another series with this property will have this property as well. A series with this property has partial sums that tend towards a fixed number.

convergent series [accept convergence]

One proof of the AM-GM inequality makes use of Jensen's inequality, which concerns the integral of a function of this type. Any line segment connecting two vertices of this type of polygon does not leave it.

convex function [or convex polygon]

Name this hard cation which typically forms blue complexes in solution, such as its sulfate pentahydrate.

copper (II) [or copper two plus; or cupric ion; or Cu 2+; prompt on just copper or Cu]

This kind of trace fossil is the petrified remains of dung. Like urolite fossils, this kind of fossil is useful in analyzing the diet of extinct species, such as dinosaurs.

coprolites <Jose>

This plant is often used to make ethanol that is added to create gasohol. You can also distill this crop to make bourbon whiskey.

corn [or maize] <Jose>

Black History Month often honors Madame C. J. Walker, who became the first black female millionaire in America by founding a company that sold this general type of product.

cosmetics [or beauty products; or hair tonic; or obvious equivalents] <Bentley>

Although one can receive a Pell Grant to attend one of these types of trade schools, data on their notoriously low salary rates for graduates isn't available on the Obama administration's College Scorecard website. One can train to be an esthetician or a desairologist at these schools.

cosmetology schools [or beauty schools] <Bentley>

Only second to the peninsulares class on la casta were these people. This term identified people of European descent who were born in the New World.

criollos [or creoles]

In other Oceanic legends, these animals, which dwell on land and in water, symbolized rainbows. In Egyptian mythology, Sobek was the god of these animals and was worshiped in a city named for them.

crocodiles [do not accept "alligators"] <Jose>

This molten ore is used as a solvent for alumina in the Hall-Héroult process. Historically mined in Greenland, this ore was once used to make lye.

cryolite <Jose>

Lawrence described his style as the "dynamic" form of this art movement. Juan Gris made paintings in the Analytic branch of this movement.

cubism [or cubist art]

Name this probability function, which gives the likelihood that an event occurs with a value less than or equal to the input.

cumulative distribution function [accept cdf]

Starting around 2500 BCE, Mesopotamian scribes started writing in this script. The name of this script comes from the wedge-shaped marks that scribes generated by pressing their stylus to the clay tablets.

cuneiform script

This operation gives the zero vector in any conservative vector field. This operation is equivalent to the del operator crossed with the field.

curl <Reinstein>

In Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Sigmund Freud argues that the love drive, or eros, opposes this other drive, thanatos, which causes a desire in humans to return to a state of "inorganic elements."

death drive <Jose>

In Georgia: A Short History, the historian E. Merton Coulter argued that "Probably not a dozen people who had been in jail for [being in this condition] ever went to Georgia," despite the colony's later reputation as being a haven for people in this condition.

debt bondage [or debt slavery; or being in debt]

In Fact, Fiction, and Forecast, Nelson Goodman described the relationship between general principles and inferences in this type of logic as a "virtuous circle." This kind of logic moves from the general to the specific.

deductive logic

Another spin interaction is Kugel-Khomskii coupling, in which spin and the number of these quantities are linked. A linear molecule has 2 of these, while possessing "3N minus 5 vibrational" ones.

degrees of freedom <Jose>

Identify these figures, such as Asmodeus and Belphegor, who are "fallen angels" that sided with Satan in his revolt against the Lord.

demons

Hackers and other computer intruders may create a fork bomb to initiate one of these attacks, in which a computer or computer network's resources are made useless to its users. A "distributed" one involves numerous IP addresses.

denial of service attack [accept distributed denial of service attack; prompt on DOS; prompt on DDOS]

In one form of the equation of Bernoulli's principle, pressure is divided by this quantity. In another form, one of the terms is pressure, and the other terms have this quantity multiplied by one-half speed squared and by gravitational acceleration times height.

density

Name this logical error, in which an inference of the form "not p therefore not q" is made, given that p implies q.

denying the antecedent [accept inverse error, or other answers that mention "inverse"]

Kobo Abe's The Ruined Map is narrated by a man of this profession, who often solves "whodunits." Edogawa Ranpo wrote mystery stories featuring people of this profession investigating crimes.

detective [prompt on policeman]

In The Vocation of Man, Fichte considers the idea that the world has this property, in which the future is set because events are necessitated by physical law. Compatibilists believe that it can coexist with free will.

determinism [or deterministic] <Jose>

The end to The Peony Pavilion, in which the emperor arrives to pardon Liu Mingmei, is an example of this dramatic device, in which a seemingly unsolvable plot point is resolved by a contrived intervention.

deus ex machina [or god from the machine]

Patients with this disease accumulate ketone bodies and suffer from ketoacidosis, which also explains why sufferers of this disease often have breath that smells like acetone. This disease is treated with drugs like glargine and lispro.

diabetes [or diabetes mellitus; or type I diabetes; or type II diabetes; do not accept "diabetes insipidus"]

Aristotle also credits Zeno with inventing this process, a method of discourse in which two opponents reach a synthesis though debate. The "Hegelian" form of this process was elucidated in The Phenomenology of Spirit.

dialectic <Jose>

A relativistic theory of gravity was put forth by Einstein, who rejected the probabilistic results of quantum mechanics by stating that "God does not play with" these objects.

dice <Busse>

Name this function, which for 789 equals 6, since 7 + 8 + 9 equals 24, and 2 + 4 equals 6.

digital root [exact answer required, prompt on recursive sum of digits; do not accept or prompt on "root"]

The power of a lens is often measured in these units. A lens with a value of N for power in these units brings light to the focus at 1 over N meters.

diopters <Busse>

One debate in climate change economics concerns the proper value for this quantity, the rate at which future payoffs are reduced in present value. It is often set equal to the interest rate.

discount rate

The cumulative distribution function will have discontinuities in it if the underlying random variable is of this type. This opposite of "continuous" describes certain branches of mathematics, such as number theory.

discrete [accept word forms]

The digital root is often used to test for this property. For example, the number 288 has this property with respect to 9, since the digital root of 288 is 9.

divisibility [accept word forms; accept divisibility rules]

George IV introduced the Pains and Penalties Bill in order to perform this action on his queen, Caroline of Brunswick. The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1937 made it easier for women to initiate this procedure on the grounds of adultery.

divorce [or annulment; or dissolution of marriage]

The only character in Saramago's Blindness who is not stricken with the title malady is a wife of a man with this profession. A man with this job, Henry Jekyll, uses a potion to transform into Mr. Hyde in a Robert Louis Stevenson novella.

doctor [or physician; accept clear equivalents]

Calcium, magnesium, and carbonate comprise this evaporite, which was first found in a portion of the Alps named for it. Grains of this mineral and calcite are found in marble.

dolomite <Jose>

The substantia nigra in the midbrain is named because it has many melanin-containing neurons that produce this compound. This compound is biosynthesized by decarboxylating a derivative of tyrosine.

dopamine <Zhang>

Some alloys have this desirable property of being easily deformed under tension, such as when they are pulled. This property allows a metal or alloy to be easily drawn out into wires.

ductility [accept word forms such as ductile]

Identify these events, one of which took place at Weehawken, New Jersey in 1804.

duels

The quantity one-half density times speed squared is known as this type of pressure, the difference between stagnation pressure and static pressure.

dynamic pressure <Reinstein>

Dijkstra's algorithm is typically used on adjacency matrices or adjacency lists, which are data structures that represent these mathematical structures consisting of vertices and edges.

graphs

To deal with this kind of disaster that struck Ecuador on April 16, 2016, Rafael Correa proposed a "millionaire's tax" as part of a plan to rebuild infrastructure and compensate victims. One of these striking Kyūshū on the same day led to the issuance of a tsunami warning.

earthquake [prompt on quake]

Leon Foucault also used to be the namesake of these electric currents which he studied by rotating a copper disc in a magnetic field. This term was originally used to describe the motion of water.

eddy currents <Reinstein>

The most common ingredient in soap is the sodium salt of stearic acid, which contains this many carbons. Stable metal complexes are predicted by using a rule named for this many electrons.

eighteen electron rule <Jose>

Modi has also pledged to offer universal access to this service to India's citizens. Japan's Softbank recently invested $20 billion in Indian solar ventures which will help provide this service to poor, rural areas.

electricity [accept equivalents like power, etc.]

When the Stefan-Boltzmann law is used to find the power of an actual object rather than an ideal object, it contains a constant for this quantity equal to the ratio of the radiation given off by the object divided by the radiation given off by an ideal blackbody.

emissivity

Historically, Copenhagen was one of these locations, since it functions as a transfer port between the Lower Baltic and Scandinavia. This French term refers to cities that import and export goods for distribution.

entrepôt (on-truh-POH) <Jose>

Name this theorem stating that molecules in thermal equilibrium have equal amounts of energy in each degree of freedom.

equipartition theorem

Name this kind of walled or fenced area that allows Orthodox and Conservative Jews to skirt proscriptions against carrying things between places by turning those places into a common domain.

eruvin [or eruvim]

Barber wrote three of these orchestral works, the first of which was premiered by Toscanini alongside Adagio for Strings. These works, named after a literary form, develop out of a single melodic theme.

essays

The trolley problem is often studied in this branch of philosophy, which is concerned with concepts of right and wrong.

ethics

Name these mixtures of two more substances, in which the substances are combined in a ratio such that the melting point has been minimized.

eutectic systems [or eutectic mixtures]

Name this phenomenon in which excess nutrient inputs into aquatic systems cause algal blooms, which in turn result in hypoxia.

eutrophication [or word forms]

Name this kind of rock, which is formed in a basin that has become saturated with seawater. Salt deposition begins and creates these rocks during a phase change.

evaporite(s) [do not accept or prompt on "evaporates"]

Give this property, which, in addition to "being" is one of the primary focuses of ontology. According to solipsism, the only thing that has this property is the mind.

existence [accept word forms]

Rational consumers who play lotteries try to maximize the expected value of this quantity, which can be described as the level of economic satisfaction gained from a bundle of goods based on the consumer's preferences.

expected utility

The DNA in an inactivated X chromosome is wound into this form of chromatin, in which the histones are usually deacetylated and DNA is methylated. It is more tightly wound than euchromatin.

facultative heterochromatin <Zhang>

Denying the antecedent is one of these mistakes in reasoning which render an argument unsound. Informal kinds of these, like hasty generalization, have premises that don't support the conclusion.

fallacy

Name this genre of epic prose narratives from medieval Iceland, examples of which include the Laxdaela, and ones about Njal and Egil.

family sagas

During this biochemical process, pyruvate gets reduced to lactate, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis. This anaerobic process makes ethanol in yeast.

fermentation [or word forms]

In return for tilling their lands and doing other work, peasants would be protected by the lord's armies as part of this system, whose name comes from the Germanic word for "property."

feudalism [or feudal society]

Rulers would give this piece of land to a lord, which the peasants would till. An urbarium was a register listing those who owned this kind of land.

fiefs [accept fiefdoms]

In Mamet's play Speed-the-Plow, Bobby and Richard both work in this industry. F. Scott Fitzgerald's unfinished novel The Last Tycoon centers on Monroe Stahr, who also works in this industry.

film industry [or movie industry or Hollywood]

This tradition of Islamic jurisprudence often determines the punishments. According to its Hanafi school, blasphemy and apostasy are equally grave offenses, and violators should be executed if the offenses are proven.

fiqh

In 1911, 129 women and 17 men were killed in one of these disasters at a factory owned by the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.

fires

In the late 1800s, Borodin was a member of an influential group of this many Russian composers. Beethoven's symphony of this number begins with a dramatic "short, short, short, LONG" motif.

five [or Symphony No. 5; or the Mighty Five] <Kim>

Name this style of Spanish dance whose modern form originated from Andalusian gypsies. It is often accompanied by castanets.

flamenco

Name this fringe theory that suggested one could sail over the edges of the world.

flat earth theory [accept clear equivalents]

The universe, for the most part has this shape, since its critical density is almost equal to its energy density.

flatness

A citizen's arrest may be performed when a person has been caught red-handed. Such acts are described by this three-word Latin phrase.

in flagrante delicto <Jose>

This crop was harvested prior to the wheat harvest, and unlike wheat could be pulled up from the ground with one's hands. This crop was pulled up early to produce higher-quality royal linen, and was the chief crop used to make Egyptian clothing.

flax [or common flax; or linseed; or Linum usitatissimum; or Egyptian flax plant] <Bentley>

Name this type of mythological calamity. The Sumerian king Ziusudra and the Akkadian hero Atrahasis both survived them by building boats.

floods [or deluges]

Nickel tanks are used to transport this element because it forms a passivation layer on the tank's inside lining. It is the most electronegative element of the periodic table.

fluorine [or F]

Even though they were developed during the Gothic period, these structures connected to vertical piers are used to support the weight of the sides of the 18th-century French Panthéon.

flying buttresses [prompt on buttresses] <Jose>

Name this quantity. The power of an optical element is defined as the reciprocal of this quantity, which represents an object distance where the optical element will converge parallel input light beams to one point.

focal length [accept descriptive answers indicating this is the distance from an optical element to the focus or focal point]

In the play, Mary Tyrone is bothered by one of these things, which "won't let you alone. It keeps reminding you, and warning you, and calling back." One of these things sounds throughout the night in Act IV of the play.

foghorns <Bentley>

Most pianos have three of these features. The leftmost of them softens the notes, while the rightmost one is used to sustain notes after they are played.

foot pedals <Magin>

Identify these institutions, which in the past 15 years have disproportionately caused an increase in debt in younger Americans.

for-profit universities [or for-profit colleges; prompt on colleges or universities]

Software like FORDISC is used to determine race or ancestry in this sub-discipline of anthropology concerned with tasks like identifying human remains and determining cause of death.

forensic anthropology [accept forensics] <Bentley>

Name these archaeological objects studied by paleontologists.

fossils

Name these self-similar curves, exemplified by the Menger (MENG-er) sponge. Their name comes from the Latin word for "broken."

fractals

Give this term that refers to the pattern of breakage of a mineral. Unlike the related cleavage, this term refers to the breaking that does not occur along the cleavage planes.

fracture

This was the name given to a member of the social class that was not a serf. Ranked just below the gentry, this class was not rich but was able to own free land. Its name comes from a Latin word meaning "territory held without dues."

franklins <Jose>

Name this rate of periodic motion measured in cycles per unit of time. If the time unit is seconds, then this quantity is measured in Hertz.

frequency

Noise is said to be "white" when its power spectrum is independent of this quantity. The speed of a light wave equals this quantity times wavelength.

frequency

If you push the block to the right, this force will point left, opposing the motion. This force opposes motion when two solids are in direct contact.

frictional force

In general, a laser consists of two parts: an optical cavity resonator, and this component, which is placed inside the cavity. A mixture of helium and neon gas can be used in this part of a laser, which is where the light is amplified.

gain medium

Name this discipline of mathematics which analyzes scenarios like the prisoner's dilemma to understand how rational actors make decisions.

game theory

During alternation of generations, a spore eventually develops into this multicellular organism by mitosis. In vascular plants, it is haploid, unlike its larger counterpart.

gametophyte <Jose>

In Chapter 3, Levitt analyzes the economics of one of these organizations in Chicago. That chapter relied on the work of the sociologist Sudhir Venkatesh, who wrote a 2008 book about being one of these organizations' "Leader For A Day."

gangs <Wang>

Name these places that include Las Pozas. The Japanese "zen" type of them often feature no plants, but rather rocks instead.

gardens [accept word forms]

Nickel-63 is used to detect molecules in this type of chromatography, which vaporizes the sample before separation. It is typically coupled with mass spectrometry.

gas chromatography [or GC]

Name this classification which, unlike sex, is often held to be socially constructed. A binary approach to this construct might classify individuals as masculine or feminine.

gender

This theory first developed by Albert Einstein, which is governed by a set of equations relating the curvature of spacetime to matter and energy, predicts the existence of gravitational radiation. It is more complex than its "special" counterpart.

general relativity [accept GR; prompt on relativity]

Neutral theory proposes that most genetic variation is caused by this phenomenon, the change in allele frequencies due to random apportionment of alleles in a finite population. The founder and bottleneck effects are examples of it.

genetic drift [or allelic drift]

In 2015, the Great Cannon was used against this company, headed by Chris Wanstrath. This company has become the de-facto standard for collaborating on programming projects.

github [do not prompt on "git"]

Name this phenomenon of rising average temperatures as a result of man-made carbon emissions.

global climate change [or global warming]

To fund Quentin's Harvard education, the Compsons convert some of their land into a site for this sport. The novel begins with Benjy watching people play this sport and thinking that they're talking about his sister Caddy.

golf [or a golf course] <Weiser>

The play's main character, Liu Mengmei, is arrested for his attempts to steal from these places. Several comedic characters whose job it is to create these things appear at the start of Act V, Scene I of Hamlet.

graves [accept the gravediggers]

Name this type of radiation which is thought to be caused by ripples in the curvature of spacetime.

gravitational radiation [accept gravitational waves; accept gravity radiation; do not accept or prompt on "gravity waves"]

Name this interaction, whose coupling constant is on the order of 10 to the minus 39 power; attempts to explain why its coupling constant is so small constitute the hierarchy problem.

gravity [or gravitational force]

Peter Binsfield identified each of the seven "princes of Hell" with a deadly sin, such as Lucifer with Pride, and Mammon with this other deadly sin. It may help to know that Mammon as a concept appears in the Parable of the Unjust Steward.

greed

Name this phenomenon in which namesake gases cause thermal radiation to be re-emitted in all directions. It is named for a structure used to control the climate of plants.

greenhouse effect [or greenhouse gas]

Name this nitrogen-rich resource frequently harvested off isolated Pacific islands in the 19th century to make fertilizer.

guano [accept answers such as dung or poop or feces; accept specific kinds such as bird dung or bat poop]

Name this material. William of Rubruck may have brought Eastern knowledge of this substance back to Europe, where a recipe for it was recorded in the 13th century by Roger Bacon.

gunpowder [or black powder; or blasting powder]

Name this group of plants which produce "naked seeds," in contrast to the flowering plant angiosperms. Conifers and cycads are examples of them.

gymnosperms

A mestizo's father might have made his fortune by owning one of these large estates. Indians were effectively bound to work on these estates, which, unlike an encomienda, were generally not granted by the crown.

haciendas <Bentley>

Because no punishment for blasphemy is specified in the Qur'an, most judgments are based on interpretations of these reports of the words and actions of Muhammad, compiled long after his death.

hadithat [or hadiths] <Jose>

These formulas are useful when performing the Weierstrass (VYE-er-stross) substitution to find an integral. One of these trigonometric identities states that the sine of a namesake function of x is equal to "plus or minus the square root of one minus cosine of x all over two."

half-angle formulas [accept answers indicating half-angle functions] <Hothem>

Flamenco music often incorporates the palmas percussion instrument, which is essentially the noise produced from these objects.

hands [or handclapping]

Euler also proved this lemma which states that an even number of vertices will have an odd degree in an undirected graph. It is used in proofs of the mountain climbing problem.

handshaking lemma [accept handshake lemma] <Jose>

One of Syngman Rhee's proposed, but unsuccessful, reforms was his attempt to simplify this Korean script, which had been introduced by Sejong the Great.

hangul <Jose>

Name these objects, the subject of the first deliberate series painted by an artist whose later series include variations on poplar trees and water lilies.

haystacks [or stacks of wheat; or grainstacks]

An adiabatic process has no change in this quantity, which is symbolized Q. The first law of thermodynamics gives the change in internal energy as the sum of changes in this quantity and work.

heat

At the replication fork, double-stranded DNA is separated by this enzyme into a leading strand and a lagging strand. It is often described as "unwinding" DNA.

helicase

Name this quantity that measures the extent to which differences between individuals in a population can be attributed to differences in genes.

heritability [or word forms]

A circle named for this art of interpreting texts runs through the writings of Friedrich Schleiermacher to Hans-Georg Gadamer, and describes the phenomenon that tacit understanding of texts can only come with foreknowledge.

hermeneutics [accept the hermeneutic circle]

Castration is frequently undergone by this "third gender" class of India, whose patron goddess is Bahuchara Mata. They belong to a separate caste in Hindu society.

hijra

Claudius leaves the performance of The Murder of Gonzago after a scene in which poison is poured into this part of the king's body, mirroring the real method by which Hamlet senior was murdered with hebonna.

his ear <Jose>

Name these two dimensional objects that contain images which appear three dimensional.

holographs [or holograms]

These kinds of events were the only ones in which women could participate at the Olympics. They often made use of a quadriga, and a woman named Cynisca was recorded as a winner of these events.

horse race [or chariot race; or equestrian race]

Name this concept whose early theorists included the Comte de Gobineau and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, who identified five types.

human races

Ensor also painted two of these figures fighting over a pickled herring. These figures massacre people in a burning, desolate landscape in a Pieter Brueghel painting.

human skeleton [or human skull] <Bentley>

Pepsinogen, another zymogen, is activated by this compound, which is produced along with intrinsic factor by parietal cells. Proton pump inhibitors limit the secretion of this compound.

hydrochloric acid [or HCl; prompt on stomach acid or gastric acid] <Zhang>

Identify this cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by the addition of a water molecule. Phosphates are usually removed by this reaction.

hydrolysis

At the conclusion of "Dover Beach," Matthew Arnold imagines a "darkling plain, swept by confused alarms of struggle and flight," where these kinds of armies "clash by night."

ignorant armies <Jose>

Edward Rochester keeps that woman from Jamaica, Bertha Mason, in this location throughout the novel. A study of Victorian literature by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar examines the trope of keeping a "madwoman" in this place.

in his attic [accept The Madwoman in the Attic]

Dead humans in ancient Greek custom were often buried with a coin called an obol placed in this specific location so they can pay Charon in the afterlife.camel Matthew and Mark claim that John the Baptist wore clothes made from the hair of this animal. The Synoptic Gospels record Jesus saying that it is easier for these animals to pass through a needle's eye than for a rich man to enter heaven.

in the mouth [accept equivalents; or under the tongue] <Jose>

Identify this status of people who labored for seven or so years before earning their freedom.

indentured servitude [or indentured servants]

This type of fossil is useful for dating since it is limited to a narrow geological period of time even though it is geographically widespread. It is often used to correlate layers of rock in different regions.

index fossils [accept guide fossils or indicator fossils or zone fossils]

Name these objects measured in henries.

inductors

Name these remissions for sins, which Christians paid for in order to reduce time spent in Purgatory. The sale of these things was denounced in Martin Luther's 95 Theses.

indulgences

Name these collisions in which kinetic energy is not conserved.

inelastic [do not accept "elastic"]

Object-oriented programming often allows for this feature, in which a new class is derived from a base class. Virtual functions can be overridden as part of this feature.

inheritance

In 2015, numerous people protested this kind of tax set at around 75 percent proposed by Rafael Correa. Correa withdrew the bill for this kind of tax and a capital gains tax shortly afterwards.

inheritance tax <Jose>

RR Lyrae, Cepheid Variables and ZZ Ceti stars all lie on this vertical component of an H-R diagram, whose name indicates that it is filled with pulsating stars.

instability strip <Jose>

Though it is common to express the rate law as a function of the time derivative of the concentration of the species, it can also be expressed in this form, such that the time t is a function of the concentration. For a first-order equation, the half-life is expressed in this form.

integrated rate law [accept word forms indicating integration or integral form]

The supremum is used to define the Lebesgue (luh-BEG) type of this operation. Its Riemann (REE-mon) form intuitively measures the area under a curve.

integration [or taking the integral; or equivalents; prompt on antiderivative]

Cells produce this class of cytokines in response to viral infections. They come in alpha, beta, and gamma types, and their name refers to their inhibition of viral growth.

interferons [or IFNs] <Yu>

The pre-Bötzinger complex is composed of these neurons, which are normally inhibitory in the CNS. In the PNS, these neurons are found in the middle of polysynaptic reflex arcs.

interneurons [prompt on relay neurons; prompt on connector neurons; prompt on local neurons] <Jose>

The Fermi level is in the middle of the band gap in these pure semiconductors that are undoped.

intrinsic semiconductor [or i-type] <Reinstein>

This quantity was introduced to differentiate between two particles, like the proton and neutron, that behave identically under the strong nuclear force but differently under the electromagnetic force.

isospin [or isotopic spin or isobaric spin] <Reinstein>

Cirrus clouds often accompany these phenomena, which are very cold, fast-moving currents in Earth's tropopause. They are generally stronger when the difference in temperature between the tropics and polar regions is higher.

jet streams

Asian pirates often used these Chinese sailing vessels known for their paneled, square sails.

junks

Conventionally, one can attain nirvana by accumulating a positive kind of this concept, which is gained by good or bad deeds. This Sanskrit word literally means "work."

karma <Jose>

Name these compounds like aceto-acetate and beta-hydroxy-butyrate which are produced by the liver during fasting or starvation.

ketone bodies [prompt on partial answer]

Name this action, which is also the subject of a Francesco Hayez painting in Milan. Paolo and Francesca engage in it in an Auguste Rodin sculpture.

kissing [or obvious eqivalents; prompt on embracing or similar]

Traditionally, the Good Friday service is one of the only times Catholics venerate a crucifix in this way. On the other hand, Orthodox perform this action with great regularity after making the sign of the cross in front of an icon.

kissing it

Toluene, alcohol and ferrocene are typically used as agents that are added to gasoline to prevent this phenomenon, the tendency to pre-ignite or combust before a spark.

knocking

Rationalism is a position within the field of epistemology, which is concerned with the study of this topic. A maxim attributed to Francis Bacon states that this "is power."

knowledge

Name this concept, which Plato investigates in the dialogue the Meno. The study of this topic in philosophy is called epistemology.

knowledge [or what one knows; do not accept or prompt on "intelligence"]

Capecchi, Evans, and Smithies won a Nobel for showing how to fully knock out a gene in this common laboratory rodent, which has the scientific name Mus musculus.

laboratory mouse [do not accept or prompt on "rat"]

The Lex Sempronia Agraria limited the amount of this resource a Roman citizen could own. This resource was measured using the unit of jugerum, which consisted of a 240 by 120 foot area.

land [or property]

Name this collection of Welsh mythological stories, whose heroes include Pwyll, Lord of Dyved, and Bran the Blessed.

the Mabinogion [or Mabinogi]

The magnetic moment of these elements is altered due to the strength of spin-orbit coupling. These elements, which correspond to numbers 57-71 on the periodic table, lie above the actinides and are named for a rare-earth element.

lanthanides

Name these devices, which use stimulated emission to produce a collimated beam of light at one specific wavelength. The name of these devices is actually an acronym.

lasers [accept light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation]

If the activity coefficients are not unity, then activities and not molarities should be used in this equation, which sets the equilibrium constant equal to the product of each species' concentration raised to its stoichiometric coefficient.

law of mass action [or mass action expression]

The liar paradox seems to contract this basic law of logic, which states that either a statement is true or its converse is. This law was first introduced in Aristotle's On Interpretation.

law of the excluded middle

The mitral valve controls blood flow from this chamber of the heart into the left ventricle. This chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

left atrium [prompt on atrium]

Lorentz transformations are used to calculate time dilation and the contraction of this quantity.

length [or distance]

A convex one of these optical elements will focus light to a point behind it. These objects are contrasted with mirrors.

lenses

Name this disfiguring disease, now called Hansen's disease, which made those it afflicted ritually impure and shunned.

leprosy [accept tzara'ath]

Clarissa, as well as Richardson's other novel Pamela, is an epistolary novel, meaning that it is written in the form of these documents,

letters <Jose>

In 1973, Michigan passed a law which mandated this type of sentence for people who were found in possession of over 650 grams of either heroin or cocaine. Defense attorney Clarence Darrow helped secure this type of sentence for the murderers Leopold and Loeb.

life sentence without the possibility of parole [or lifelong incarceration; or life imprisonment plus 99 years] <Bentley>

Name this property which lets speakers make arbitrarily long sentences. In programming languages, it refers to a procedure calling itself.

linguistic recursion

Some non-polar drugs are delivered to the body in this kind of structure, a kind of micelle-like vesicle with a lipid bilayer.

liposome <Jose>

Cells in this organ have a particularly high concentration of peroxisomal catalase due to its role in detoxifying alcohol and other substances in the body. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to cirrhosis and scarring of this organ.

liver <Zhang>

Fork bombs are often written by putting the fork system call inside of the "while" type of these structures. They are often unrolled during compilation.

loops <Jose>

Name this type of system that also describes an often state-run form of gambling in which participants buy tickets that give them a small probability of winning a huge amount of money.

lottery [or lotteries; prompt on any specific type or brand of lottery; do not accept or prompt on "raffle"]

The Theology of the Body lectures were discussed in Pope Benedict XVI's Deus caritas est, which meditates on the relationship between Christianity and three Greek terms for this concept, including agape. C. S. Lewis wrote a book on four kinds of this concept.

love <Kothari>

Name this psychological emotion, which manifests itself after attraction.

love [or word forms]

On an H-R diagram, this quantity is plotted on the vertical axis. The graph uses the apparent, and not the bolometric form of this quantity.

luminosity [prompt on magnitude]

Name this reproductive cycle in which an infectious agent incorporates itself into the host's DNA and remains quiescent, allowing the host to divide normally, rather than bursting.

lysogenic cycle [or lysogeny]

Transformers often have iron cores because iron has a high value for this quantity, the reciprocal of reluctance, which measures the ability of a material to contain a magnetic field relative to an external magnetic field.

magnetic permeability <Reinstein>

The Sea of Marmara gets its name from Marmara island within it, which itself is named for the presence of this resource.

marble <Jose>

Many of the people in James Ensor's Christ's Entry into Brussels wear these things. The women in Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon have faces that draw from African examples of these objects.

masks

Senghor told "red," "black," and "white" objects of this sort that "I greet you in silence!" in a poem written as a "prayer to" them. This sort of object "grins and lies" in a Paul Laurence Dunbar poem.

masks [or "Prayer to Masks"; or "We Wear the Mask"] <Brownstein>

The Pantheon is one of these monuments that typically surround a tomb. The namesake of these monuments was a Persian satrap that was interred in Halicarnassus, where a no-longer extant example of one of these buildings once stood.

mausoleums

Give your answer in terms of d and m. For a second parallel axis that is a distance d away from the initial axis, the moment of inertia for an object of mass m, around the second axis will be equal to the moment of inertia around the first axis plus this function.

md squared

Name this measure of machines which is large for a lever when the input force is much further from the fulcrum than the output force.

mechanical advantage [or MA, prompt on advantage]

Oxidative polymerization of tyrosine by an enzyme called tyrosinase forms this pigment, which is produced in the skin in response to UV radiation.

melanin [or eumelanin; or pheomelanin]

John von Neumann developed this divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm in which a list of unsorted numbers is split recursively, sorted, and then recombined using the namesake operation.

mergesort <Jose>

This philosophical study of existence and being is the subject of an encyclopedic book by Aristotle. In Language, Truth, and Logic, A. J. Ayer regards this discipline as useless and calls for its elimination.

metaphysics

This term describes crystals which have guest molecules trapped within lattice cages. A common example is methane trapped within water ice at the ocean floor.

methane clathrate hydrate <Prieto>

Name these systems which only form when they are both above a namesake critical concentration and the Krafft temperature. These elliptical or spherical collections of lipids form in water, with their hydrophobic tails pointing inwards.

micelles

The closing movement of the first Brandenburg Concerto alternates one of these 3/4 time pieces with a polonaise and two trios. A popular one in G for piano was composed by Ignacy Paderewski.

minuet <Kim>

In A Treatise of Human Nature, Hume argues that humans may imagine a sensory experience without experiencing it by arguing that humans can imagine a shade of this color that they had not seen.

missing shade of blue <Jose>

Succinate dehydrogenase spans the inner mitochondrial membrane but also has a catalytic domain in this part of the mitochondria, which is inside the inner membrane. It's where the Krebs cycle occurs.

mitochondrial matrix

Name this quantity, often symbolized with an uppercase I, that is often considered to be the angular analogue of mass.

moment of inertia [do not accept or prompt on inertia]

Leibniz also argued that the basic units of the universe are these simple, "windowless" entities, which are non-extended and hence immaterial.

monads <Jose>

On an evolutionary tree, amniotes are this kind of group, meaning that it contains both the most recent common ancestor to all species in the group and all of the ancestor's descendants.

monophyletic group [or word forms; or clades] <Jose>

These non-therian mammals, which include platypi and echidnas, have an amniotic egg rather than an amniotic membrane that surrounds the developing fetus.

monotremes [or Monotremata]

Name these types of disorders, such as depression, which alters one's emotions.

mood disorder

Ötzi is considered a "natural" object of this type. Artificial examples of these objects were produced after dehydrating the body, removing the organs, and performing other rituals by the Ancient Egyptians.

mummy

Name this process. During this process, a flexible protein "head" crosslinks the target filament, then slides past it in a "power stroke" driven by ATP hydrolysis.

muscle contraction [or muscle relaxation; or muscle movement; or obvious equivalents; however, prompt on partial answers that don't mention muscles]

Plato's Republic concludes with this legend, in which a man passes into the afterlife and learns that souls are reincarnated into their next "good" or "bad" life not through their past deeds, but rather through a lottery system.

myth of Er <Jose>

Bubble sort has this worst case asymptotic runtime. Please express your answer with a tight bound using either big O or big Theta notation.

n squared [or big O of n squared or big Theta of n squared; do not accept or prompt on "n"]

The Fighting Instructions mandated that ships form a line so that that these weapons could be used from the broadside position. Powder boys were tasked with bringing the gunpowder used to fire these weapons.

naval cannons [prompt on naval artillery]

Two answers required. For two properties p and q, the statement "p is true, if and only if q is true" is valid if one can show the existence of these two conditions.

necessary and sufficient conditions [prompt on one answer; accept necessity in place of necessary; accept sufficiency in place of sufficient]

Both Greenough's and Houdon's sculptures of George Washington were in this style, whose name suggests that it was a revival of Greek and Roman antiquity.

neoclassicism [accept word forms]

Super-Kamiokande was built to detect these leptons whose flavors are electron, muon, and tau. Takaaki Kajita shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work showing they oscillate between flavors, which means that these particles have mass.

neutrinos

In a letter to Edward Carrington, Jefferson expressed his desire for these publications "without governments" instead of "governments without" these publications, examples of which include the New York Times.

newspapers

At the opening of Fathers and Sons, Arkady Kirsanov returns to his home at the Maryino estate with Bazarov, where Pavel becomes angry that they have adopted this philosophical position.

nihilism [accept word forms such as nihilists] <Jose>

Many Pure Land Buddhists believe that the Western Paradise is a stepping-stone to this release from samsara.

nirvana [or nibbana]

The main culprits in eutrophication are phosphorus and this element, which is fixed into ammonia or ammonium compounds by legume-associated rhizobia.

nitrogen [or N]

These usually "silver blue" clouds seem to glow during twilight. They form in the mesosphere and were only first observed two years after Mt. Krakatoa's eruption.

noctilucent clouds <Jose>

Name this phenomenon that can be caused by thermal fluctuations or quantization of charge. This phenomenon is a random fluctuation in an electronic signal.

noise

This general class of fluids has a viscosity that is dependent on the shear rate. Examples of these materials includes thixotropic substances such as ketchup, as well as oobleck, a mixture of corn starch and water.

non-Newtonian fluid [do not accept or prompt on "Newtonian fluid"]

One of the requirements for a patent to be issued is that the invention has this property, meaning that "a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains" cannot easily reproduce the invention.

non-obviousness [prompt on inventive step]

In solvents with this property, a "reverse micelle," in which the hydrophilic head aggregates toward a center, while the hydrophobic tails point outward, may form. This kind of solvent is exemplified by oil, but not water.

non-polar solvent [accept word forms of non-polar]

The magnitude of the force of friction on the block is proportional to this other force, which is exerted on the block by the surface and is a consequence of Newton's third law.

normal force

In Act IV, Portia disguises herself as a judge and rewards Shylock his pound of flesh under the condition that he extract it under this restriction. If he violates this condition, Shylock would forfeit all of his property to the state of Venice.

not spilling a drop of Christian blood [or clear equivalents] <Manners>

This form of DNA repair, which is damaged in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, can reverse pyrimidine dimers. Unlike base excision repair, this type of repair works on large mutations that disrupt the helix, such as those caused by intercalating agents.

nucleotide excision repair [or NER] <Jose>

Name this type of desert area that features lush vegetation growing next to a water source.

oasis [prompt on spring]

Name this programming paradigm, whose namesake structures are instantiations of classes. This paradigm emphasizes the encapsulation of data and polymorphism.

object-oriented programming [or OOP]

This glassy rock exhibits a conchoidal fracture. Rhyolitic lava flows are named after this black vitreous rock, which forms when there has not been enough time for crystal growth to fully occur.

obsidian <Jose>

By contrast, copper (I) complexes have no ligand field stabilization energy, so they normally adopt this molecular geometry with six ligands, two of which are axial and four equatorial.

octahedral molecular geometry

Name this property, which is a measure of a fuel's resistance to an uncontrolled release of energy or combustion.

octane number

Name this natural resource that is drilled for in large quantities in the Niger delta. Nigeria belongs to OPEC, an international organization that oversees much of the production of this commodity.

oil [or petroleum]

Before the mid-19th century, artists often had to grind pigments themselves when employing this type of paint, which is often made from linseed and applied to canvas. Jan van Eyck pioneered the replacement of tempera with this kind of pant.

oil paint

The Instructions mandated that British ships line up on this side of the enemy, the opposite of the French preference. Fighting on this side made it virtually impossible for a British captain to retreat from battle.

on the weather gage [or upwind; or windward]

Let C denote the temperature of the cold reservoir and H denote the temperature of the hot reservoir. What is the formula for the efficiency of a Carnot engine?

one minus C over H [or one minus C divided by H] <Busse>

In the Meno, Socrates points out that the knowledge a slave has of the Pythagorean theorem is evidence for the theory that knowledge is immediately derived from this source. Anamnesis is the idea that knowledge comes from this source.

one's past life [accept equivalents such as one's past incarnation or past reincarnation; accept knowledge is recollection or remembering.]

In terms of current and inductance, give the expression for the total amount of energy stored in an inductor.

one-half L I squared [or one half times inductance times current squared, accept equivalents] <Reinstein>

St. Anselm's Proslogion advanced this argument for the existence of God, which states that God must exist since being maximally great entails existence.

ontological argument

Snohetta created a building of this kind in Oslo with slanted roofs that people can walk on. Charles Garnier designed a building of this type in Paris whose ceiling was painted by Marc Chagall.

opera house [prompt on concert house or music hall or answers indicating it is place that music is played, but does not specifically mention operas.]

The Peony Pavilion is usually performed as one of these works, whose "Peking" type was popular at imperial courts. John Adams' Nixon in China is one of these works from the United States.

operas [accept Peking opera] <Alston>

Name these deceiving images used by psychologists to test how perception deviates from reality.

optical illusion [prompt on illusion]

When doing Fourier analysis, it is easy to combine sine and cosine functions because they have this property, due to the fact that the integral of sine x times cosine x equals zero.

orthogonality <Reinstein>

Oddly, succinate dehydrogenase is strongly inhibited by this Krebs cycle intermediate, a four-carbon compound that condenses with acetyl-CoA in the first step to make citrate. Transamination of this compound forms aspartate.

oxaloacetate [or oxaloacetic acid] <Gupta>

Name these reactions that dominate catabolism. In this sort of reaction, a compound loses electrons.

oxidations [prompt on redox reactions]

Crown ethers coordinate cations using partial negative charges on this element. The triplet state of this element's diatomic molecule contains two unpaired electrons, and is thus paramagnetic.

oxygen [or O]

Name this profession of Marcello. Another character with this job sings "Recondita armonia" while comparing the title character to Mary Magdalene.

painter [prompt on artist]

Name this organ that regulates the body's blood sugar by producing insulin and glucagon.

pancreas

Name this phrase popularized in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions to denote events in which the basic facts and assumptions of a discipline are radically altered.

paradigm shifts

The postulate named for this kind of line does not hold in non-Euclidean geometry. For a line q and a point p not on the line, only one line with this property with respect to q can be drawn through that point p according to the postulate.

parallel lines [accept parallel line postulate]

Reverse polish notation does not require the use of these symbols if the arity of each operator is fixed. In another context, these symbols are used to express intervals that are open.

parenthesis [or parentheses] <Jose>

Name this musical form that, like the chaconne, consists of a series of variations on a bass ostinato, often in triple meter.

passacaglia

Name this form of intellectual property. It would protect a company that has just devised a new form of manufacturing drugs, or an inventor who has just made a new device.

patents

Most situations in game theory can be analyzed using a "matrix" containing these quantities, which represent the results of choosing an action. In the prisoner's dilemma, these quantities are the years one ends up in prison.

payoff matrix [or payoffs] <Jose>

One of Beardsley's Salome illustrations is titled for an elaborate skirt of this type worn by a woman in the drawing. A room named for this bird designed by James McNeill Whistler is now located in the Smithsonian's Freer and Sackler galleries.

peacock <Bentley>

In the late 1940s the British government unsuccessfully tried to cultivate 150,000 acres of Tanzanian scrubland with this crop, which originates from the Andes. This crop was championed by the head of the Agriculture Department at Tuskegee University.

peanut [or groundnut] <Wang>

The Tollund Man and Koelbjerg Woman were natural mummies whose bodies were preserved by the anaerobic conditions of these wetlands.

peat bogs <Bentley>

The digital root of any even number with this property, with the exception of 6, always equals one. These numbers, which are neither abundant nor deficient, have a one-to-one correspondence with the Mersenne primes.

perfect number <Jose>

Name this organelle, which oxidizes long-chain fatty acids and has high concentrations of catalase to break down reactive oxygen species.

peroxisomes

"Thanatopsis" reassures its reader that earthy life isn't all that exciting, seeing as "the gay will laugh when thou art gone, the solemn brood of care plod on, and each one as before will chase his favorite" one of these things.

phantoms <Jose>

The eutectic point of a system is often illustrated on one of these diagrams. The point at which solid, liquid, and gas states meet on one of these diagrams is called the triple point.

phase diagrams

Stabilizing selection, like all natural selection, only operates at the level of this property, which is the set of observable characteristics in an organism, as contrasted with the actual alleles that it possesses.

phenotype <Jose>

This is the volume of the Gabriel's Horn on the standard Cartesian coordinate system. The solution of the Basel problem is this value squared divided by 6.

pi

Name this instrument, which also nicknames Camille Saint-Saëns's (kuh-MEE san-SAWNS) third symphony. Dietrich Buxtehude (BOOKS-tuh-HOO-duh) was a famous performer of this instrument and composed many pieces for it.

pipe organ

Name this activity practiced by the Japanese wokou, who were a major issue during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor of the Ming dynasty.

piracy [or anything indicating being a pirate, buccaneer, corsair, or other obvious equivalents; prompt on raiding, marauding, stealing, or similar answers]

Human embryos undergo holoblastic cleavage, in which very little yolk is left in the egg. That's because human embryos are nourished by this organ, which connects the developing fetus to the mother's uterus.

placenta <Silverman>

After reading George Chapman's translation of Homer, the speaker of Keats's poem compares himself to a "watcher of the skies" who sees a new one of these objects swim "into his ken."

planet <Jose>

Johnson expanded his biography "The Life of Mr Richard Savage" into a collection named for, and describing, the lives of these kinds of people, other examples of whom include Abraham Cowley and James Thomson.

poets [accept The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets]

In crops, QTL mapping is often used in tandem with marker-assisted selection, which is based on this lab technique. Master mixes for this technique usually include a forward and reverse primer, dNTPs, and a heat-resistant DNA polymerase.

polymerase chain reaction [or PCR] <Kothari>

Name this fruit, whose consumption by Persephone forced her to stay in the underworld during the wintertime.

pomegranate [or Punica granatum]

James Rosenquist, Roy Lichtenstein, and Andy Warhol were artists from this movement, which focused on products and images of mass culture.

pop art

Uranium isotopes are purified by gaseous diffusion when uranium is bonded to this many fluorines. This number is also the oxidation state of chromium in the chromate polyatomic ion, which has an overall charge of negative two.

positive six [or uranium hexafluoride]

Barth discussed this post-1950s literary movement in his essay "The Literature of Exhaustion." Authors working in this genre often employ metafiction, and other examples of it include Catch-22.

postmodernism [accept word forms]

Ghee is one of the five ingredients in panchamrita, which is often used as this type of religious offering consumed by worshippers in Hindu temples or Sikh gurdwaras.

prasad

Each of J.S. Bach's English Suites begins with one of these introductory pieces that were paired with fugues in The Well-Tempered Clavier.

prelude

Eutrophication causes an initial increase in this ecosystem property, which equals the standing crop divided by the turnover rate. Its net value equals its gross value minus respiration.

primary productivity [or word forms; or net primary productivity or gross primary productivity; or NPP or GPP; prompt on productivity] <Kothari>

In a fork bomb, these entities are duplicated until an operating system slows to a halt. These things are more resource intensive than threads, and they utilize their own memory pools.

processes

Identify this view frequently used in silhouette paintings. The head in these types of portraits is drawn from the side.

profile perspective [or profile view]

In C++, this keyword is often used on variables to indicate that in the base class, the variable may be public, but it must be private in all derived classes.

protected [do not accept or prompt on any other answer, including word forms.] <Jose>

Name these enzymes which activate most downstream signaling cascades by phosphorylating a wide array of target proteins.

protein kinases

After glomerular filtration, sodium ions are first reabsorbed in this part of the nephron. This part of the nephron is followed by the descending loop of Henle, which does not allow any water to pass through.

proximal tubule [prompt on tubule]

This method helps evaluate second order kinetics by adding a ton of reactant A and treating it as a constant, although it is necessary to create a new rate constant typically labeled k prime.

pseudo first order kinetics <Jose>

Once a patent expires, it enters into this "area," meaning that anyone can use or improve it without worry. Once copyrights expire, works enter into this "space."

public domain <Jose>

In a Hogarth painting which may be classified as a self-portrait or a still life, one of these specific animals belonging to Hogarth stands next to an oval frame of the artist and a pile of books.

pug [prompt on dog] <Bentley>

The diffusion of gases between alveoli and capillaries is inhibited by this condition, which results from a buildup of interstitial fluid in the lungs. Congestive heart failure often results in this condition.

pulmonary edema <Zhang>

Name this substance mostly composed of DPPC, which is secreted by type II alveolar cells to prevent alveoli from collapsing when the gas pressure in the lungs changes.

pulmonary surfactant

Name these heterocyclic, monocyclic compounds which include uracil and cytosine, but doesn't include guanine.

pyrimidines [do not accept or prompt on "nitrogenous bases" or "nucleotides"]

Name this three-carbon keto-acid which gets converted to acetyl-CoA and a molecule of carbon dioxide during the entry to the citric acid cycle.

pyruvate [or pyruvic acid]

Some oasis towns get their water using this technology, an underground channel developed by the Persian people thousands of years ago. The water supply of the Kharga Oasis was brought into town using this technology.

qanāts

Name these DNA loci that covary with continuous, polygenic traits. They are often mapped using recombinant inbred lines.

quantitative trait loci [or QTLs]

Physics has yet to come up with a model which unifies a relativistic theory of gravity with this field of physics, which explains why Schrodinger's cat is both alive and dead until someone opens the box.

quantum mechanics [accept QM]

Name these particles that have six possible flavors. One of these particles combine with its antiparticle to form a meson.

quarks

After creating an alloy, this process cools it rapidly to achieve the ideal material properties, such as during the production of steel to retain hardness. This term also means the deactivation of leftover reactants in chemical reactions.

quenching <Jose>

To calculate the effects of the greenhouse effect, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change proposed this quantity, which is defined as the difference between outgoing and incoming radiation at the tropopause.

radiative forcing [do not accept or prompt on word forms, such as "force"] <Jose>

Wolfe coined this two-word phrase to title an essay he wrote about a party given by Leonard Bernstein where socialites mingled with Black Panthers. The essay with this title appears with "Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers" in a 1970 book.

radical chic <Bentley>

Name these kinds of laws, which usually express the desired quantity as a function of species concentration raised to an empirically determined exponent.

rate laws

Name this term that also denotes a broad position, advocated by Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza, which holds that the chief source of learning in humans is through reasoning and not sense experience.

rationalism [accept word forms]

After building a model, an image may be produced using this technique, in which the namesake objects are cast from the image plane to determine what physical phenomena affect the scene.

ray tracing [accept word forms such as ray trace; prompt on tracing or word forms thereof; prompt on ray casting]

If the structure of a transition state resembles these things, then the reaction will be predicted to be rapid and exothermic. The reaction equilibrium constant is equal to the product over this thing.

reactants [or starting materials; or obvious equivalents]

Name these devices, often made from diodes, that convert alternating current into direct current.

rectifiers

Marxist brigades named for this color carried out terrorist activities during the Years of Lead. Like many Communist groups, the brigade had a flag whose background was this color.

red [or rosse]

Holograms are created using a split beam of coherent light. This name is given to the beam of light that does not bounce off the object being imaged.

reference beam <Reinstein>

During saponification, fat droplets are removed from soap by this technique, where a volatile substance is constantly boiling and condensing back into the reaction vessel.

refluxing

Name this invention which built upon the work of Zacharias Janssen and Jacob Metius. Tycho Brahe did not have one of these devices available when making his studies.

refractive telescopes

In the 1950s, Le Corbusier started liberally using this material in his buildings, such as in the Villa Savoye and Philips Pavilion. It can be reinforced with steel rods before it hardens.

reinforced concrete [accept brut]

Give this general term for government aid to the poor under the British Poor Laws. The "outdoor" type of this service was allocated to recipients who still resided in their homes.

relief

Ray tracing is one method of performing this task of converting scene data into an image. In another context, this is the process of converting code in a markup language, such as HTML, into a visual format.

rendering

Identify this system in which every operand in a mathematical expression is inputted first, and every operator is inputted second.

reverse Polish notation [accept RPN; accept postfix notation; do not accept or prompt on "Polish notation"]

Name this chronic autoimmune disorder, in which the body's immune system attacks joints, especially in the hands.

rheumatoid arthritis [or RA; prompt on arthritis]

In most jazz big bands, this "section" of the big band consists of a piano, bass, and drums. Sometimes the piano is replaced or augmented with a guitar.

rhythm section

Another knockdown method uses the "hammerhead" type of these molecules, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds, including those within its own sequence. These macromolecules were discovered by Tom Cech and Sidney Altman.

ribozymes <Silverman>

The parallel axis theorem applies to only these ideal physics objects, in which the distance between any two points on them remain constant.

rigid body <Jose>

The Ebola virus was named for one of these geographic features in the Congo, where it was first described. Yambuku, the village where the first outbreak of Ebola occurred in 1976, is nearby this kind of feature.

river [accept Ebola River]

Watteau painted in this ornate style of the 18th-century, also employed by Jean-Honoré Fragonard and by Germain Boffrand for the Hotel de Soubise (so-beez) in Paris.

rococo

Name this watery substance produced by the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands, which helps in the digestion of food.

saliva

Name these gatherings, usually run by aristocratic women, that were popular in 18th-century French high society.

salons

A random variable is a function that assigns a probability to this set of all possible outcomes. This set is often denoted with a capital omega, and for flipping a coin twice, it consists of "heads, heads;" "tails, tails;" "heads, tails;" and "tails, heads."

sample space <Jose>

Uranium may also be found in the compound uranocene, which is one of these compounds that has a central metal atom in the space between two aromatic rings. Metallocenes are special examples of these kinds of compounds.

sandwich compounds <Prieto> Save for next year, this bonus has a lot of overlap with stuff.

Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis played the "tenor" form of this instrument in the Count Basie Orchestra. John Coltrane played both its "alto" and "tenor" types on such albums as Giant Steps.

saxophone [accept sax] <Jose>

In the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway, KSR acts as one of these protein complexes, which greatly speed up the response to a signal by attaching themselves to many of the downstream effectors.

scaffold proteins [or scaffolds]

Identify this profession. People working in this profession in Ancient Egypt would likely have carried out their work using the Demotic script.

scribes [or copyists]

The fertilization process is often studied with the eggs and sperm of these animals, whose mouthparts were said by Aristotle to resemble a lantern. Declining sea otter populations have led these animals to wreak havoc on kelp forest ecosystems.

sea urchins [or Echinoidea] <Zhang>

Evaporite is sometimes considered to be a "chemical" type of this class of rock, which is often produced by depositing a namesake material onto the Earth's surface. This type of rock includes conglomerate and sandstone.

sedimentary rock

The Titius-Bode law states that this value for a planet's orbit is equal to "4 plus n" where n is 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and so on. Kepler's third law states that the square of a planet's period is equal to the cube of this quantity.

semi-major axis [prompt on axis] <Jose>

The Fermi level is in a narrow band gap in these materials that include germanium and gallium arsenide.

semiconductors

A series is defined as the sum of the terms of one of these other lists. An example of them is the "Fibonacci" one.

sequences [accept arithmetic sequences]

In Purgatory, Dante sees the inventor of this poetic form, Arnaut Daniel, and calls him "miglior fabbro," or "the best smith." The 36 lines of this form are often followed by a three-line envoi.

sestina [or sestine; or sextine; or sextain; or cledisat] <Jose>

As part of his personal rule of England, Charles I provoked outrage when he attempted to levy this tax on inland towns during peacetime. This tax was traditionally only paid by coastal towns during wartime.

ship money

Name these texts issued by presidents when authorizing legislation from Congress. Christopher Kelly defined the "political" form of these things as directions from the President on how agencies should enforce ambiguous legislation.

signing statements

Name this period of Hollywood film, during which Charlie Chaplin directed, produced and starred in City Lights. Actors in this period often used miming since dialogue could not be easily conveyed.

silent era

Three of the four classes of sponges are distinguished by having spicules made of this compound. This inorganic compound is biomineralized to form complex, bilaterally symmetric structures called frustules.

silica [or silicon dioxide; or SiO2] <Jose>

Name these monsters who sat on heaps of bones and sang songs to lure sailors to their deaths.

sirens [or Seirenes]

EDTA and water coordination complexes have this coordination number, also the number of fluorines bonded to uranium during isotope purification via gaseous diffusion.

six <Jose>

Nina Jablonski has used her studies of the evolution of this trait to argue that races are illusory. This trait, which is largely determined by melanin production, evolves to balance Vitamin D production and folate depletion.

skin color [or skin pigmentation]

At the beginning of Sophie's Choice, Stingo's father discovers the gold coins generated by one of these people named Artiste. Styron wrote a controversial novel titled for the "Confessions" of a leader of a group of these people.

slaves [prompt on African-Americans or blacks] <Bentley>

Two answers required. For a horizontal force applied to a rectangular block on a flat surface, the magnitude and location of the vectors for the applied force, the frictional force, and the normal force determine which of these two types of motion occurs.

slipping along the surface or tipping over [accept "sliding" in place of "slipping"] <Busse>

Name this facial expression that may or may not require fewer muscles than frowning.

smile [or smiling]

Muscle contraction is involuntary in this non-striated muscle tissue, which makes up internal organs and the walls of blood vessels. It often has less myosin than cardiac or skeletal muscle.

smooth muscle tissue <Jose>

The vector for schistosomiasis (SHISS-toh-suh-MY-uh-sis) is a freshwater variety of these animals, and transfers bilharzia (bill-HART-see-uh) to humans when they swim in water. In antiquity, the saltwater Murex genus of these animals were harvested for Tekhelet (tuh-HELL-et) and similar products.

snail [prompt on gastropods or other more general answers] <Jose>

A chapter on inquilinism in ants is discussed in the EO Wilson book of this name subtitled "The New Synthesis." That book gave its name to this study of the relationship between evolution and behavior.

sociobiology [or Sociobiology: The New Synthesis] <Jose>

Name this element, three atoms of which are transported out of a cell by an ATPase pump that exchanges it with potassium.

sodium [or Na/S+/S]

Many of the poems in Tottel's Miscellany have this fourteen-line form. William Shakespeare wrote 154 of these poems.

sonnets [accept English sonnets or Shakespearean sonnets]

Lens flare is often artificially created as an example of these kind of "effects" whose production is valued in the digital film industry. Rhythm Hues and Studios produced them for Life of Pi and The Golden Compass.

special effects [accept visual effects] <Jose>

The acrosome is found in the head of these cells. These cells are stored in the epididymis after being produced in the testes.

sperm cell [or spermatozoa]

Name this effect in which the magnetic moment arising from the intrinsic angular moment of a particle and the magnetic field of the particle causes a shift in the system's energy levels.

spin-orbit coupling

Cycads also produce cones called strobili that contain hundreds of these structures. These structures are the site of meiosis in plants, forming namesake haploid cells, and four of them are located in each anther of an angiosperm.

sporangia [or microsporangia; or megasporangia]

Name this time period, which is also the setting of a Cummings poem in which "the goat-footed balloonMan whistles far and wee."

spring

When averaging several electronic measurements, the signal-to-noise ratio increases with this function of the number of measurements.

square root or one-half power <Busse>

For a 1-D fitness landscape, this form of selection would be represented by a bell curve. In this type of selection, exemplified by human birth weight, intermediate traits are best.

stabilizing selection [or word forms]

During the 1970s, Milton Friedman criticized the Phillips Curve because the U.S. experienced this phenomenon, in which inflation rates and unemployment both rise. Its name was coined by Iain Macleod.

stagflation <Jose>

Name this artistic medium which is created by adding metallic salts to a transparent substance during its manufacture. Many windows in Gothic cathedrals contain artworks in this medium.

stained glass [prompt on glass]

For his Luxury and Degradation series, Koons made a travel cabinet entirely out of this material. Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate is also made of this.

stainless steel [do not accept or prompt on "iron"] <Bentley>

Henry Bessemer displayed sugar-refining machinery at the Great Exhibition, several years before inventing a namesake process which was used to convert pig iron to this alloy.

steel

Although protein hormones require complex signal transduction pathways, these lipid hormones don't, since they can bypass the cell membrane. These compounds contain four fused rings, and examples of them include testosterone and estrogen.

steroids [or steroid hormones] <Jose>

Nielsen composed four of these chamber pieces, the most popular of which is the G minor first. Bedrich Smetana's first piece in this genre is called "From My Life", while Beethoven wrote three nicknamed for the Russian Count Andrey Razumovsky.

string quartets [prompt on quartet] <Carson>

Name this quantity equal to the difference between the end-systolic volume and the end-diastolic volume. This quantity measures how much blood exits the left ventricle per beat.

stroke volume

Kanishka also ordered the creation of one of these domed Buddhist structures to house relics in Peshawar. Bell-shaped ones of these surround a statue of a Buddha in Borobudur.

stupas <Jose>

Name this type of landmass. The only two examples of this type of landmass officially recognized by geographers are the Kerguelen (KURR-guh-lin) Plateau and Zealandia.

submerged continent [do not accept or prompt on "continent"; accept continental fragment; accept microcontinent; accept anything indicating that a continent is now underwater]

This word follows "Petite" in the title of a set of pieces for piano four-hands beginning with "En bateau" (on bah-TOH), or "Sailing." This is the first word in the title of a collection that includes "Clair de lune" and "Passepied" (pahss-pee-AY).

suite [accept Petite suite or Suite bergamasque]

Name these collections of dances, which in their simplest form include an allemande, a courante, a sarabande, and a gigue.

suite [or French Suite; or English Suite; or orchestral suite; or partita; or ordre; or ouverture]

Name this lowest upper bound of a set of numbers. The completeness of the real numbers R states that every bounded subset of R has this bound, which is typically larger than the set's infimum.

supremum [prompt on least upper bound or LUB]

This tuber, now a staple crop of Africa and Asia, actually originated in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. In the U.S., it is commonly conflated with the yam.

sweet potato

Specifically, rheumatoid arthritis leads to the inflammation of the membrane in this most common class of joint, in which a layer of cartilage separates the bones' articular surfaces and is bathed by a namesake fluid.

synovial joints [or synovial membrane; or synovial fluid]

Rolle's theorem can be equivalently stated as "there exists a line that has this property to the function that has a slope of zero." Lines with this property "barely touch" a shape or curve at one point.

tangent line

If an object in circular motion changes its speed, this name is given to the acceleration associated with that change. In general, this adjective describes any acceleration that changes the speed of an object without changing its direction.

tangential acceleration

Name this activity that is often carried out using solfege. In Japan, a method for performing this activity was devised by the violinist Shinichi Suzuki.

teaching music [or music instruction; or music education; or musical pedagogy]

The sum of the series [read slowly] "1 over n [pause] minus 1 over n plus 1" is the simplest example of this type of series with a fixed number of terms for each partial sum. That's because the negative term of the nth term cancels with the positive term of the nth plus one term.

telescoping series [or telescoping sum] <Jose>

The paper also mentions that cancer cells are capable of infinite cell division, likely due to their over-expression of this enzyme, which adds sequences to the end of chromosomes to prevent them from shortening.

telomerase

This term refers to pianists slightly speeding up and slowing down the tempo of a piece to make their playing more expressive. It is commonly employed while playing Chopin pieces.

tempo rubato

In Infinite Jest, Incadenza founds an academy in Enfield, MA, for the teaching of this sport. Wallace's essay "How Tracy Austin Broke My Heart" discusses a memoir by a former player of this sport.

tennis <Jose>

A myth about Monsanto was that they once marketed seeds containing these kinds of genes, which makes it so that second generation offspring are always infertile. This kind of technology is generally illegal.

terminator genes [accept suicide seeds]

Identify this historical event. Children born at the exact moment of this event, such as Saleem Sinai, have special powers in the novel Midnight's Children.

the 1947 partition of India and Pakistan [or the independence of India; or the independence of Pakistan; or obvious equivalents indicating the splitting or independence of those two countries]

The narrator of Invisible Man eventually joins this political organization, which is led by Brother Jack and opposed by Ras the Exhorter.

the Brotherhood

Proetus attempted to ensure Bellerophon's death by sending him to fight this fire-breathing monster with the heads of a goat and a lion, and a snake for a tail.

the Chimera

At the conclusion of "The Man without a Country" Danforth tells Nolan about the history of the US, only omitting this event, which is the subject of the poetry collection Drum-Taps.

the Civil War

Friedrich also painted this religious scene in a mountain setting for his Tetschen Altarpiece. In Christian art, this scene is traditionally followed by the Deposition of its victim.

the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ

In a poem describing a vision of the tomb of Petrarch's Laura, the speaker of a Raleigh poem suddenly comes across this figure. This allegorical figure, also known as Gloriana, titles an epic poem by Edmund Spenser.

the Faerie Queene <Bentley>

Anna's Alexiad describes how Alexios' appeals led to this 1096 campaign, which successfully captured Jerusalem. This campaign began with cries of "God wills it!" at the Council of Clermont.

the First Crusade

In some stories, Athena kills a being called Pallas during this conflict, during which Heracles shot an arrow at Alcyoneus. In another part of this conflict, Porphyrion is hit by a thunderbolt during an act of attempted rape.

the Gigantomachy [or Gigantomachia; accept answers involving a war with the Giants; do not accept or prompt on "war with the Titans" or "Titanomachy"] <Jose>

Name this contrapuntal Beethoven piece, originally the finale of his 13th string quartet. Stravinsky said it would be "contemporary forever."

the Grosse Fuge (GROH-suh FOO-guh) [accept Great Fugue or Grand Fugue]

The Met owns Church's 1871 painting of the ruins of this building. The Elgin Marbles were controversially removed from this building in the early 19th century.

the Parthenon <Bentley>

Julius II commissioned this Madonna by Raphael, which is distinctive for the green curtains that surround Mary. Two distinctive cherubs rest their elbows at this painting's bottom.

the Sistine Madonna [or Madonna di San Sisto]

Pollaiuolo made an engraving which depicts this many nude men battling it out. Childe Hassam and other impressionism-influenced American painters made up a group named for this number.

the Ten [or Battle of the Ten Nudes]

Many Lollards were persecuted following the Oldcastle Revolt, which began after John Oldcastle escaped from this building. This fortress on the Thames was used both as a prison and as the home of the Crown Jewels.

the Tower of London [or the White Tower] <Bentley>

A Puck cartoon depicting anthropomorphized money-bags as the "Bosses" of this group, as well as David Graham Philip's writings on its "Treason," helped inspire the reform of this institution by the 17th Amendment.

the United States Senate [prompt on Congress]<Bentley>

John Frum is based on servicemen from this country who came to Vanuatu in the 1940s. In what was wrongly first described as a cargo cult, residents of New Hanover voted for this country's President Johnson to rule the island.

the United States of America [or America] <Brownstein>

The city of Siena commissioned a Maesta by Duccio, which depicts this person seated on a throne. Artists such as Simone Martini portrayed this person reading as an angel approaches in a common religious scene.

the Virgin Mary [or the Virgin; or Madonna; or Miriam]

John Paul II discussed topics like the resurrection, celibacy, and natural family planning in six cycles of lectures on the theology of this entity, which he claimed is oriented toward marriage.

the body

Name this creature slain by Wiglaf towards the end of the epic poem it appears in. In a modern retelling of that poem by John Gardner, this monster is a nihilist inspired by Jean-Paul Sartre and sits on top of a hoard that he doesn't know how to use.

the dragon

This part of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is an Italian quotation from Dante that says "But since no man has ever come alive out of this gulf of Hell, if I hear true, I'll answer, with no fear of infamy," thus indicating that the poem that follows will not feature lies.

the epigraph

Identify this fragile group of objects, one of which is damaged while the "gentleman caller" Jim O'Connor dances with Laura Wingfield, whom he nicknames "Blue Roses," .

the glass menagerie [or obvious equivalents to glass animal figurines]

Miro painted a dog barking at this object. This astronomical object, representing Islam, occupies the top-left corner of Albrecht Altdorfer's The Battle of Issus.

the moon [or a crescent moon]

Name this object into which Willie Boy carves images of his family. Berniece uses this thing to remove the spirits haunting her home at the conclusion of the play about it.

the piano from The Piano Lesson

Eliot alludes to "To His Coy Mistress" in the poem by imagining the speaker squeezing this thing "into a ball to roll it toward some overwhelming question."

the universe <Jose>

Name this character in a symphonic children's tale by Sergei Prokofiev. The duck's oboe theme can be heard from this character's stomach after the other title character lassoes him from above.

the wolf [accept volk]

Both pyruvate dehydrogenase and yeast pyruvate decarboxylase require this compound's pyrophosphate derivative as a cofactor. Lack of this compound in the diet causes Wernicke's encephalopathy.

thiamine [or thiamine pyrophosphate; or vitamin B1; prompt on vitamin B] <Golimlim>

When stated in terms of frequency, the coefficient in Planck's law states that the radiance of a blackbody is proportional to 2h over c squared times this power of the frequency, times a one over exponential term.

third [or cubed] <Reinstein>

Give this number of years that identifies a peace signed between Athens and Sparta in 445 BC. Critias led a group of this many people that oversaw the execution by hemlock of one of its members, Theramenes.

thirty [or Thirty Years Peace; or the Thirty Tyrants]

This is the main alternative to profile or full face views in portraits and gets its name from being halfway between those two styles. Leonardo's Woman at a Window is one of many portraits painted in this view.

three quarters perspective [or three-quarters view]

After synthesis of the lagging strand, the RNA primers must be converted back into DNA. Besides the deoxygenated sugar backbone, the main difference between RNA and DNA is the replacement of uracil with this nucleic acid.

thymine [prompt on T] <Zhang>

Tipu Sultan owned a life-sized automaton that depicted one of these animals attacking a British man. A Tamil secessionist militant group on Sri Lanka was nicknamed for these animals.

tigers <Bentley>

Virgil's agricultural poem Georgics contains the first recorded instance of the remark tempus fugit, which translates as this abstract concept "flies."

time <Jose>

A company in this industry successfully sued the government of Australia for requiring that its products be sold in plain packages with large health warnings. A 1998 settlement forced companions in this country to compensate victims of lung cancer.

tobacco industry [or cigarette industry]

One of the most famous pieces for organ is a scary-sounding composition by J.S. Bach that pairs a piece of this type with a fugue in D minor.

toccata

Finlandia is a piece in this genre of orchestral music. Pieces in this genre are typically only in a single movement and illustrate a work of art or literature.

tone poem [or orchestral poem; or symphonic poem]

In the longer of the Homeric hymns to Hermes, Hermes invents the first lyre by stringing cowgut across an oxhide-covered one of these animal body parts.

tortoise shell [or turtle shell] <Jose>

A similar ethical thought experiment involves asking whether using this technique to stop a ticking time bomb is ever acceptable. Michael Walzer discusses the effects of using this policy in "Political Action: The Problem with Dirty Hands."

torture <Jose>

Some Native American tribes, including the Kwakiutl and Tlingit, made these tall sculptures, on which depictions of ancestors or other sacred spirits are shown. Contrary to popular belief, the ordering of figures on them does not necessarily correlate with importance.

totem poles

AC adapters often also contain these devices with two coils of wire that can convert a low current with high voltage into a high current with low voltage.

transformers

The catalyst normally reduces the activation energy just by stabilizing this species, the highest-energy species formed during the course of the reaction. In equations, it's usually symbolized by a double dagger.

transition state [or TS]

Name this entity that roughly corresponds to the activation energy of a chemical reaction. On a potential energy surface, it corresponds to a saddle point.

transition states

One of the reasons Kowloon Walled City was demolished is that it was a haven for trafficking and prostitution run by these Chinese gangs.

triads [accept Sanhehui or Saam hap wui] <Jose>

Name these prefatory notes that inform a person that disturbing material lies ahead.

trigger warnings [or content warnings]

Identify this type of work, usually made up of a central scene and two hinged wings. The Portinari Altarpiece is an example of a work of this type.

triptych

Name this thought experiment posed by Philippa Foot, which asks if it is morally acceptable to alter the course of the namesake object to kill one man, instead of letting five people die.

trolley problem

The situations in which "p implies q" is a correct statement may be illustrated on one of these "tables," in which the output of all combinations of p and q being assigned "T" and "F" values are shown.

truth tables

Jesus asks his mother "What have I to do with thee?" before performing this miracle at the wedding at Cana. This was Jesus' first miracle.

turning water into wine

Trigger Warning's story "A Collection of Tales" are 12 micro-stories that were inspired by these kinds of fan-submitted pieces of writing. Dan Sanker's novel about Chicago mayor Rahm Emmanuel's "epic quest" is mostly composed of these kinds of writings, which depend on a company founded by Jack Dorsey and Evan Williams.

tweets [prompt on answer mentioning Twitter] <Jose>

In his early career, Rochberg was an exponent of this technique, but he found it incapable of expressing his grief after the death of his son. Arnold Schoenberg developed this technique, which generates music from a tone row.

twelve-tone serialism [or twelve-tone technique; or twelve-tone composition; or dodecaphony; prompt on serialism]

Many studies of heritability use sets of these people to partition the effects of genetic and environmental variation. Sets of these people can be dizygotic or monozygotic, and have identical genetic codes in the latter case.

twins [or monozygotic twins; or dizygotic twins; or identical twins; or fraternal twins; or n-tuplets]

The most common form of spectophotometry analyzes the sample using light in the visible range and in this region of the spectrum, typically at light wavelengths between 100 and 400 nanometers.

ultraviolet [or UV light]

Name this type of decision problem, in which it is impossible to construct an algorithm that will output an answer of "yes" or "no" for all inputs.

undecidable problem [accept word forms of "undecidable"]

Name this large object, which originated from a single point according to the Big Bang model.

universe

Papadopoulos used the army to suppress a 1973 strike against his regime by people of this sort. A Situationist pamphlet on the "poverty" of the life of these people helped spark the May 1968 events in France, which was begun by occupations led by these people.

university students <Brownstein>

This is the lightest flavor of quark. A proton contains two of these quarks, whereas a neutron contains one.

up quark

This nickel-dependent enzyme was crystallized by James Sumner to demonstrate that enzymatic function was performed by proteins. This enzyme hydrolyzes its namesake molecule into carbon dioxide and ammonia.

urease <Prieto>

Singer subscribes to this system of ethics, often defined as "the greatest happiness for the greatest number."

utilitarianism

Broken windows theory argues that more serious crimes will be curbed by reducing this specific criminal act of damaging property, which includes things like graffiti.

vandalism [or word forms]

In humans, embryonic cleavage partitions the blastula into two poles: one yolk-rich and one yolk-poor, the latter eventually forming the germ layers. Name both poles.

vegetal pole and the animal pole [prompt on partial answer; either order acceptable]

Signing statements might be less common if the President had a line-item form of this power. Presidents can perform this action by not signing a bill passed by Congress.

vetoing legislation

Name these large country homes used by wealthy ancient Romans. One of these built by Hadrian can be found in Tivoli.

villas [or villae]

Walton's other famous works include a concerto for this string instrument, which is slightly larger and pitched slightly lower than the violin. Most music written for this instrument uses the alto clef.

viola

Identify this type of natural event, also depicted in an 1862 painting of Cotopaxi commissioned by James Lenox. Karl Bryullov (brul-LOV) depicted terrified people looking up at one of these events in The Last Day of Pompeii.

volcanic eruption [or eruption of Cotopaxi; or eruption of Mount Vesuvius]

Name this quantity, which is finite for Gabriel's Horn, even though it has an infinite surface area. For a pyramid, this property is equal to basal area times height divided by three.

volume

The conservation of angular momentum explains the creation of these rotating regions in a fluid when the fluid goes through a drain. The quantity named for these regions is the del operator crossed with flow velocity.

vortex [or vorticity]

In the Arthashastra, Kautilya advocates a "four-limbed" army composed of infantry, cavalry, chariots and these animals, which were also used by Hannibal to cross the Alps.

war elephants <Jose>

This molecule, whose oxygen atom has two lone pairs, is a bidentate ligand. This molecule has a bent geometry and is often called the universal solvent.

water [or dihydrogen monoxide; or H2O]

This is the most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere, although both methane and carbon dioxide are stronger contributors to the greenhouse effect.

water vapor [or aqueous vapor or H2O]

Many of the paintings in The Birds of America, such as the one of the American swallow-tailed kite, were made using this technique. The washes in this technique are generally transparent, although adding a material such as lead white will make the washes opaque.

watercolor <Bentley>

Parity is not conserved in this fundamental force whose carrier particles are the W and Z bosons and which allows quarks to change flavors. In 1979, the Nobel Prize in Physics was given for the unification of this force with electromagnetism.

weak interaction [or weak nuclear force; prompt on electroweak interaction] <Reinstein>

One of Heine's political poems describes people of this profession in Silesia whose "gloom-enveloped eyes are tearless." Old Baumert kills his dog for food in a Gerhart Hauptmann play titled for people of this profession.

weavers [or die weber] <Brownstein>

Name this event, which is interrupted by Mr. Briggs, who states that its primary male participant is already bound to a woman from Jamaica.

wedding of Jane Eyre and Edward Rochester [accept answers indicating it is Jane Eyre's wedding or Mr. Edmund Rochester's wedding]

This simple machine is used to separate objects. Like an inclined plane, its mechanical advantage equals its length divided by its width.

wedge

Contracts of indenture were frequently used within this industry. New Bedford, a center of this industry in the United States, became known as "The City that Lit the World."

whaling industry [or whale oil industry; prompt on fishing industry] <Bentley>

Name this term also used to describe seedy banks that put out fancy looking notes but then disappeared before the notes could be redeemed in the aftermath of the collapse of the Second Bank of the United States.

wildcat bank(s) [or wildcatter]

Name this material used to sculpt the Inkpot Madonna. Donatello used this material to make a sculpture of the Penitent Magdalene.

wood [or limewood or poplar or recycled hardwood]

Canens became infatuated with Picus and married him. However, Canens committed suicide by drowning herself after Picus was turned into this specific kind of bird and she was unable to find him.

woodpecker [prompt on Picidae]

Recipients of indoor relief typically entered these unhappy establishments where they might labor to break apart stones. A 1723 act championed by Edward Knatchbull deliberately made these institutions as undesirable as possible.

workhouses [or poorhouses; or spike]

Babylon's Etemenanki was one of these types of buildings. One of these stepped "sacred mountains" extended to almost 20 meters in height in ancient Ur.

ziggurats <Bentley>

The pancreas produces trypsinogen and chymotrysinogen, which are examples of these inactive enzyme precursors. These proteins usually require cleavage by a protease before they are activated.

zymogens [or proenzymes]

Like the more traditional Forn Sed, this form of Germanic neopaganism venerates Norse deities.

Ásatrú

Name this leader of the groupe des Medan, whose novels such as Doctor Pascal explicate his theories of heredity. His other books include L'Assomoir and Nana.

Émile Zola

Scientists extracted two red blood cells from the arrow wound of this "iceman," making them the oldest intact blood cells ever recovered from a human. This man bore a pure copper axe, and was discovered in the Tyrolean Alps in 1991.

Ötzi (URT-see) the Iceman [or Similaun Man; or the Man from Hauslabjoch; or Hauslabjoch mummy]