PACT Ag Science Test
Dairy cow gestation
283 days
Balance sheet equation
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Owners equity
Assets-liabilities
A student welded two metals together. The weld is full of brittle, inter metallic compounds and is a weak joint. What two metals did he likely weld together?
Aluminum and cold rolled steel
What substance is created when nitrogen-rich manure is decomposed by bacteria?
Ammonia
Which soil type would be best suited to a crop rotation system?
Clay loam
Genetic transmission is the transfer of genetic information from genes to another generation such as from parent to offspring. What is the concept involved in the transmission of genes?
Common ancestry
A FFA chapter decides to volunteer in a soup kitchen over the holidays. What section of the chapters program is this added to?
Community development
Do you have to contact the national ffa center to establish a new chapter in the continental US>
No
A new farmer is setting up his farming business with his brother is looking over options for managing their business. He's worried about protecting his personal assets in the long run but wants to make decisions for the business. Which business type should he consider?
Partnership
Which of the following is NOT an alternative fuel?
Petroleum
Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and repsiration
Photosynthesis creates glucose that the cells can use to create energy. Respiration is the process of breaking the glucose down into ATP that the cell can use.
roots can often
Store large quantities of plant foods and reproduce in some species
What does SAE stand for?
Supervised Agricultural Experience
1st national FFA convention
Kansas City, Missouri
stamen
Male part of the flower
First FFA chapter
Weyers Cave Chapter, VA
roots
anchor the plant and take in water and minerals from soil
plant classification
annuals, biennials, perinneals
petals
attract pollinators
biennials
live for 2 growing seasons cabbage, carrots, cloves
perennials
live for more than two growing seasons trees, shrubs
Contour strip cropping
cultivating land along the contours of the slope rather than up and down the slope; used with strip cropping to reduce erosion
Which of the following strategies on the part of the teacher would be most appropriate and effective for maintaining a safe working environment in a high school agricultural science laboratory?
monitoring student behavior to keep order and ensure that students remain focused on tasks
Ag economics
production, processing, marketing, research
Subsistence Agriculture is the self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families. The output is mostly for local requirements with little or no surplus trade. What does Subsistence Agriculture consist of?
raising crops and animals
silt
second largest of the 3 soil separates, moved many by flooding and wind
What would cause the most significant price rise in a product?
supply decreases demand increases
stems
supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, carrying water and nutrients between them
Dicot root system
taproot system
characteristics of soil
texture, structure, organic matter, pH, fertility
soil tilth
the physical condition of the soil as it relates to tillage, planting, germination, and emergence
Most versatile welding rod to use
E6013
pig gestation
114 days
Sheep gestation
150 days
Reaper was invented in
1831
industrialization allowed for large scale farming in the
1850s
First gas tractor
1890- considered agriculture's greatest acheievment
The National FFA Organization established in
1928
official dress was established in
1933
Horse gestation
340 days
formation of soil
5 Factors affect the formation of soil: Parent Material, Climate (Type), Topography (Surface and Slope), Organism (Plants and Animals) , and Time (Time Spent Developing)
Which oil would a mechanic recommend for a car in Alaska and why
5w 40 thinner oil?
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Which of the following is the best example of an agricultural cooperative?
A group of independent dairy farmers buys feed in bulk, distributes its products under the same label, and shares the profits.
Under what conditions would a student be eligible to receive an American Degree?
A student who has graduated FFA
Relay cropping
A system in which one crop is planted into a standing crop prior to harvest of the established crop, which does not hinder the yield of either crop.
USDA was established by who/when?
Abraham Lincoln in 1862
new farmers of America
African American FFA merged with FFA in 1965
Select the list of courses a student would take in an ag ed program if they were interested in learning how the economics of forestry in the United States are related to the economics of other business types like crop sciences, landscaping, or paper products?
Agribusiness, ag Econ, natural resources, greenhouse management
Smith Level Act
Allowed for Ag Ed in public schools In 1914
What is the primary purpose of fermentation?
Alter the pH level which encourages the growth of desirable microbes in food product
Which order of soil is formed from volcanic ash?
Andisol
seed germ
Another name for the embryo or tiny developing new plant inside the seed
A research scientist I'd studying through crop of an organisms digestive system. What organism would that be
Avail
Which is typically the lowest horizon in which plant roots will grow
B hroizon
Farm ponds need to be stocked with fishes that can maintain themselves in balance with the food supply and other fish. Which of the fish should be stocked in a pond with a bream?
Bass
Organic matter that can be converted into energy by a biological or chemical process is known as _____.
Biomass
Explain how softwood and semi hardwood cutting propagation is similar to hardwood propagation
Both softwood and hardwood cuttings are commonly taken from ground shoots around the mature parent plant
Which pin is presented to a first year FFA member?
Bronze emblem pin
What is the name for the maximum number of animals that a farm can support without damaging itself?
Carrying Capacity
COLT
Chapter Officer Leadership Training
There are four levels of membership in the FFA organization. Which is available to students at post secondary schools with active FFA chapters?
Collegiate
Sometimes, food that we eat may carry bacteria that can make us sick. Which bacteria produces toxin in food under anaerobic conditions.
Colostrum botulinum
What sheep breed with heavy, white fleeces and good growth characteristics and often used for crossbreeding in commercial western flocks?
Columbia
Father of modern agriculture
Cyrus McCormick
In genetic engineering, the ability of scientists to identify the genes that influence the expression of specific traits has been most enhanced by technological advances in:
DNA sequencing.
Explain why a cattle producer would be interested in performing an embryo transfer
Embryo transfer allows producers to maximize the production of one high quality cow
FFA Mission
FFA makes a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth and career success through agricultural education.
Pistil
Female part of the flower
The ability of hydraulic systems to lift and support large loads in agriculture applications depends primarily on which of the following principles?
Fluids in a hydraulic system cannot be compressed when force is applied to the fluid.
Which of the following best explains why the flowers of grasses are small and inconspicuous compared with the flowers of most other flowering plants?
Grasses are generally pollinated by the wind rather than by insects or other animals.
phototropism
Growth of a plant shoot toward or away from light.
Father of FFA
Henry Groseclose
Environmental Protection Agency is purposely built to ensure for protecting the environment from air and water pollution. What other responsibilities is the agency responsible for protecting?
Human rights, Transportation systems, Human health
The number and kind of microorganisms present in a soil most directly affects which of the following characteristics of the soil?
Humus content
Correct description of agricultural commodity futures (agreements to buy or sell raw materials at a specific date in the future at an agreed upon price)
If the process goes down, the futures seller makes money. He or she can buy the commodity at todays lower market price and sell it to the futures buyer at the higher, agreed on price.
What does gypsum do in soil
Improves soil aeration
Explain why large particles of food seldom make it to the ruminant intestinal tract
Large particles get trapped in the leaves of the omasum, trapping them in the stomach
sepals
Leaflike parts that cover and protect the flower bud
FFA Moto
Learning to Do, Doing to Learn, Earning to Live, Living to Serve
FFA motto
Learning to Do, Doing to Learn, Earning to Live, Living to Serve
What is the term for the number of small particles of fat in a piece of lean meat?
Marbling
What is the effect of a high-fiber diet on a dairy goat?
Milk becomes creamy
Which of the following is one reason why a maker of fine cheeses might use milk from Jersey dairy cows rather than from Holstein-Friesian cows?
Milk from Jersey cows has a higher butterfat content than milk from Holsteins.
M1 heifer
Moderate frame size and is well muscled and of good beef quality
Which federal law provided land grants for the development of agricultural education?
Morrill Act
FFA colors
National Blue and Corn Gold
FFA colors and meaning
National Blue and Corn Gold. National Blue represents the blue from the American flag showing that ffa is a national organization. Corn gold represents agriculture in all states as corn is grown in all states
Covering best suited to cover greenhouses (hoop house structure)
Polyethelene plastic film is the best choice to cover their greenhouses. It is affordable and resilient and flexible for a hoop house structure
Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian Rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population. What is the fist thing to do when growing rice?
Prepare the main field
"Thank you. FFA members, Why are we here?" Is said by what officer?
President
What kind of erosion is characterized by the formation of a number of small channels carrying soil to a body of water?
Rill erosion
How to determine age in goats
Size of the bottom teeth
Which of the following best describes the process of soldering when joining metal?
Soldering uses a low-melting-point filler metal to join metal surfaces together without melting the base metal.
Noncombustable electrode form of welding
TIG
A new hire for a construction framing company is packing a tool belt. Which three items are most important for him to have in a tool belt?
Tape measure, framing hammer, speed square
NPK (fertilizer)
The 3 numbers represent available nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium
FFA Mission Statement
The National FFA Organization is dedicated to making a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth and career success through agricultural education.
Which of the following best explains why fresh apples are often placed after harvest in an environment with increased carbon dioxide and reduced oxygen in the atmosphere?
The apples will keep longer without softening because their respiration rate will be lower in a high-CO2/low-O2high C O 2 / low O 2 environment
Row intercropping
The cultivation of two or more crops in the same field in a row arrangement
percolation
The downward movement of water through soil and rock due to gravity.
soil
The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
leaves
The main photosynthetic organs of vascular plants.
During a chapter meeting, a student proposed a motion to host a cookout. What is the next step of the parliamentary process to take place after a main motion is presented?
The motion is seconded
How could one both diversify and specialize at the same time?
The orchard specializes in Fuji apples so it should market Fuji apple products. Diversify the product line by adding multiple products made from Fuji apples.
Which of the following best explains why long-lived pesticides such as DDT affect populations of raptors, such as eagles and ospreys, to a greater extent than populations of finches and warblers?
Toxic chemicals become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, and raptors are top predators in most ecosystems.
What is the name of the process by which nitrogen evaporates from a plant and enters the atmosphere?
Volatilization
A cattle producer notices multiple calves that lay around and do not attempt to get up. This is most likely ____ caused by ____
White muscle disease, selenium deficiency
FFA creed
Written by E.M. Tiffany each paragraph starts with i believe 6 sentences
A price-skimming strategy is one in which high prices are charged for a product in order to ensure high profits or recover high production costs. This type of pricing strategy is likely to be most effective for an agriculture product when:
a new product has little or no competition from similar products already on the market.
geotrophism
a response in which a plant grows towards or away from gravity
A confinement facility for swine in Washington State uses an anaerobic lagoon to manage wastes. To minimize the possibility of polluting neighboring streams with runoff from the lagoon, it would be most important to include which of the following elements in its design?
a system for diverting rainwater and snowmelt away from the lagoon
aerial stems
above ground
Lockout tag out
all necessary switches on malfunctioning electrical equipment are tagged and locked from use. The cards should be BLUE according to OSHA standards
soil salinity
amount of salts found in soil
soil consistency
amount of sand, silt, clay
soil structure
arrangement of soil-articles into shapes
land classes
broken into arable and unsuitable for cultivation
Minerals in soil
calcium, phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen
3 types of water found in soil
capillary- moves from one to another hydroscopic- water doesn't move gravitation;- fills cracks and spaces
Organic compounds
carbon-based molecules
annuals
complete an entire lifecycle in one growing season oats, tomatoes, squash
A restrictive layer is nearly continuous layer that has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal properties that significantly impede the movement of water and air through the soil. Which layer refers to the maximum depth that plant roots can readily penetrate without encountering a restrictive soil layer.?
effective depth
loam
equal proportion of sand, silt, and clay
types of roots
fibrous and taproot
Monocot root system
fibrous root system
endosperm
food-rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows
Pomology
fruit and nut culture and production
gully erosion
happen with hill and causes crevices and ditches
Participating in FFA career development events (CDEs) benefits students in agricultural education primarily by:
helping them develop and showcase their technical knowledge and communication skills.
Students in an agricultural education class are participating in a semester-long exercise to investigate the effect of soil pH on the growth of tomato plants. Tomato plants will be grown in the school's greenhouse in soil with different pH levels. The height of the plants will be measured each week, and each plant assessed for signs of nutrient deficiencies. At the end of the semester, yields of each group of tomato plants will be compared. Which of the following aspects of this exercise most requires students to apply principles of the scientific method?
identifying the manipulated variables that must be controlled in the exercise
Plow
invented by John Deere in 1837
Sand
largest of the 3 soil separates. does not retain water well. 85% of greater sand content is infertile soil
Which of the following crop production practices is most likely to increase soil erosion in an agricultural field?
leaving fallow fields uncovered by vegetation or crop residues
sheet erosion
loss of entire layer
pH
measures acidity
4 components of soil
minerals, organic matter, water, air
Which of the following organelles within the plant cell provides energy to the cell by converting the metabolic products of photosynthesis into ATP?
mitochondrion
Free cash flow
net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT), add in depreciation expense, then subtract money set aside for capital expenditures and any need for increasing working capital
essential elements in soils
nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous
Which of the following forest management practices is most likely to improve wildlife habitat and increase the diversity of plant and animal species that inhabit an area?
opening the forest canopy by harvesting small patches of trees
perfect vs incomplete flowers
perfect contain both male and female parts, incomplete lacks one
A bedding-plant grower plants tomato seeds in rows in a large tray. After the seedlings have emerged and the first true leaves have developed, the grower notices that seedlings in parts of several rows have toppled over. When the plants are examined, it is found that the stem is constricted at the soil level and the root is shriveled. Over the course of the next week, most of the seedlings in the tray have died. Which of the following measures should the grower have taken to prevent the appearance of this condition?
planting the seeds in a sterile growing medium
Percent slope
rise/run x 100 - note that both values have to be in the same unit. May have to convert kilometers to meters. 1m=1000km
subterranean stems
roots may have evolved from
organic material
rotting plants and animal- most fertile soil because of nutrients
nematodes
roundworms (live in soil)
clay
smallest of the 3 soil separates, hardens, allows soil to hold water
What do we call an additive that can keep a compound, mixture or solution from changing its form or chemical nature?
stabilizer
Ohms law
the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance
tropism
the movement of a plant in response to an environmental stimulus
infiltration
the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
A farmer decides to convert some marginal agricultural land to wildlife habitat. Which of the following represents the opportunity cost to the farmer of the decision to take the marginal land out of production?
the profit that would have been made if the land had been planted
In general, the most serious economic effect of attacks by mosquitoes and ticks on horses and cattle in Washington State is caused by:
transmission of a variety of diseases to animals.