Pancreas

The normal dimension of the pancreatic head is usually less than ___________.

2-3 mm

The main pancreatic duct joins the __________ before entering the second part of the duodenum.

CBD

The duct of Santorini is a(n):

accessory duct to the pancreas

The exocrine function of the pancreas is performed by the:

acini cells

A patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and a decrease in appetite should be evaluated for: adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. pancreatitis. pancreatic pseudocyst. cholecystitis.

adenocarcinoma

The common form of malignancy of the pancreas is

adenocarcinoma

A patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and a decrease in appetite should be evaluated for: pancreatitis. pancreatic pseudocyst. cholecystitis. adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

A serum ____________ level of twice normal usually indicates acute pancreatitis.

amylase

which of the following results from the maldevelopment of the two embryologic elements of the pancreas and consequent obstruction of the duodenum? pancreatic devisum annular pancreas whipple syndrome zollinger ellison syndrome

annular pancreas

A most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the United States is: colitis. alcohol intake. biliary tract disease. pancreatic malignancy.

biliary tract disease

A most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the United States is: colitis. biliary tract disease. pancreatic malignancy. alcohol intake.

biliary tract disease

which of the following would be least likely complication of a pancreatic transplant? hematoma biloma ascites urinoma

biloma

The head of the pancreas is inferior to the _____________ of the liver

caudate lobe

The head of the pancreas is inferior to the _____________ of the liver.

caudate lobe

Atrophy, fibrosis, scarring, and calcification of the pancreas are consistent with which of the following pancreatic pathologies? Acute pancreatitis Nonfunctioning islet cell tumor Chronic pancreatitis Functioning islet cell tumor

chronic pancreatitis

Atrophy, fibrosis, scarring, and calcification of the pancreas are consistent with which of the following pancreatic pathologies? Nonfunctioning islet cell tumor Functioning islet cell tumor Acute pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis

chronic pancreatitis

A technique that uses microbubbles of gas to enhance the echogenicity of blood flow and improve the assessment of vascularity of lesions is known as:

contrast enhanced ultrasound

All of the following are sonographic features of chronic pancreatitis except: calcifications within the pancreas pseudocyst dilated pancreatic duct diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

what type of pancreatic transplantation is more common? exocrine enteric drainage exocrine bladder drainage endocrine bladder drainage endocrine enteric drainage

exocrine enteric drainage

Pancreatic tumors that have the potential to secrete hormones are known as: von Hippel-Lindau disease Microcystic cystadenomas Adenocarcinoma Functioning islet cell tumors

functioning islet cell tumors

In what part do most pancreatic carcinomas occur?

head

An older man with a history of alcoholism is recently diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. His hematocrit and hypotension levels are decreased. Your differential diagnosis should include: pseudocyst. hemorrhagic pancreatitis. cholecystitis. chronic pancreatitis.

hemorrhagic pancreatitis

which of the following would be the least likely cause of acute pancreatitis? alcohol abuse hepatitis trauma gallstones

hepatitis

In cases of acute pancreatitis, the parenchyma of the pancreas generally appears: calcified. hypoechoic. echogenic. homogeneous.

hypoechoic

The most common echogenicity of an acutely inflamed pancreas is

hypoechoic

one clinical sign of a insulinoma is the presence of hypoglycemia elevated AFP hepatitis zollinger ellison syndrome

hypoglycemia

If the celiac axis is well visualized, the sonographer should move the transducer in the __________ direction to image the pancreas.

inferior

The pancreas is found behind the ___________ omental sac.

lesser

A common course of enzyme destruction via the pancreas is fluid accumulation in the:

lesser sac

what lab values are specific for acute pancreatitis?

lipase

Which of the following pancreatic neoplasms occurs more frequently in the body and tail and is associated with a suspicion for malignant conversion? Microcystic cystadenoma Islet cell tumor von Hippel-Lindau disease Macrocystic cystadenoma Pseudocyst

macrocystic cystadenoma

Which of the following pancreatic neoplasms occurs more frequently in the body and tail and is associated with a suspicion for malignant conversion? von Hippel-Lindau disease Macrocystic cystadenoma Microcystic cystadenoma Pseudocyst Islet cell tumor

macrocystic cystadenoma

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a high mortality rate and occurs most often in: Men older than age 60 Men younger than age 60 Women younger than age 60

men older than age 60

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a high mortality rate and occurs most often in:

men over 60

the Whipple procedure is performed on patients who have chronic pancreatitis acute pancreatitis pancreatic carcinoma pancreatic transplant

pancreatic carcinoma

What results in a shortened main pancreatic duct that works to drain only the pancreatic head and not the entire pancreas?

pancreatic divisum

The splenic vein courses along the ____________________ of the pancreas.

posteriomedial border

The splenic vein courses along the ____________________ of the pancreas

posteromedial boarder

All of the following are part of the exocrine function of the pancreas except for: production of lipase production of glucagon production of amylase production of sodium bicarbonate

production of glucagon

A history of previous biliary surgery, intermittent epigastric pain, and occasional fever and the sonographic finding of a fluid collection anterior to the tail of the pancreas support which of the following entities? Acute diffuse pancreatitis Acute focal pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis Pseudocyst

pseudocyst

A history of previous biliary surgery, intermittent epigastric pain, and occasional fever and the sonographic finding of a fluid collection anterior to the tail of the pancreas support which of the following entities? Chronic pancreatitis Pseudocyst Acute diffuse pancreatitis Acute focal pancreatitis

pseudocyst

The majority of the pancreas lies within which abdominal cavity?

retroperitoneum

Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following except: elevated amylase. nausea and vomiting. severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder. severe abdominal pain radiating to the back.

severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder

Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following except: severe abdominal pain radiating to the back. elevated amylase. severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder. nausea and vomiting.

severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder

What enzyme released by the pancreas neutralizes stomach acid?

sodium bicarbonate

The muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum is the

sphincter of oddi

Acute pancreatitis often manifests with which of the following clinical signs or symptoms? Elevated direct bilirubin Decreasing hematocrit Sudden, severe onset of epigastric pain Palpable gallbladder Obstructive jaundice

sudden, severe onset of epigastric pain

An oral contrast agent is used during pancreatic sonography to improve visualization of which of the following structures? Peripancreatic tissues Head of the pancreas Tail of the pancreas Uncinate process of the pancreas

tail of pancreas

Which one of the following statements is false? The uncinate process is posterior to the superior mesenteric vein. The head of the pancreas is anterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC). The head of the pancreas is superior to the caudate lobe. The gastroduodenal artery is the anterolateral border of the head.

the head of the pancreas is superior to caudate lobe

Which of the following would be the most likely vascular complication of acute pancreatitis? Thrombosis in the splenic vein pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery thrombosis of the MPV stenosis of the SMA

thrombosis in the splenic vein

Pseudocyst formation in the pancreas is associated with all of the following except: Trauma von Hippel-Lindau disease Acute pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis

von hippel lindau disease

Pseudocyst formation in the pancreas is associated with all of the following except: von Hippel-Lindau disease Trauma Acute pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis

von hippel lindau disease

which of the following is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas? ARPKD von hippel lindau disease zollinger ellison syndrome endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

von hippel linday disease

A gastrinoma of the pancreas can produce: a. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease b. Von Hippel-Lindau disease c. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome d. Hyperinsulinemia

zollinger ellison syndrome