PAR 101 Final UNCW Baer

What is the relevance of a "q-memory"?

It is a way of talking about memory without presupposing identity

Bertrand Russell concludes that...

It is highly probably that other minds exist

For Unger, the practice of buying life insurance shows that we value more than just what we are conscious of

True

According to Aristotle, there are only moral virtues

False

Frankfurt argues that the principle of alternate possibilities is correct

False

For Aristotle, moral virtue comes from habit

True

For Descartes, God must exist

True

For Kant, all rational beings are ends in themselves

True

Which of the following best defines "qualia"?

What it is like to feel an experience

According to Russell, philosophy is valuable for the same reason science is valuable

False

Churchland is a dualist, because neuroscience suggests this is the correct view

False

Descartes is looking for a certain foundation for all of his knowledge

False

For Aristotle, virtue is an excess of goodness

False

For Searle, humans aren't a kind of machine

False

For Socrates, while justice is important it is more important to protect your own life

False

For Thomson, the right to life amounts to the right to the bare minimum required for living

False

For Wolf, slave owners of the 1850s, Nazis of the 1930s, and male chauvinists of older generations are all morally responsible

False

For Zhuangzi: The Way consists in focusing on how things are different from one another

False

For virtue ethicists, to be a virtuous agent is simply to conform to rules

False

In the violinist case...

A violinist is attached to you while you're sleeping

Why can't empirical evidence ever completely force dualists to give up their position?

Because it is always logically consistent for a dualists to insist on their position

Who is Rene Descartes?

A philosopher who considered skeptical scenarios involving dreams and evil demons

What does Miller mean by a "person-stage"?

A stretch of consciousness

Utilitarianism says...

Actions are right or wring based upon whether they produce happiness or unhappiness

What does Chisholm mean by "immanent cause"?

An agent, distinguished form an event, causes an event

Which of the following best describes the position of a Strong AI?

An appriopriately programmed computer is a mind, in the sense that it can understand

What does Putnam hold is required for a word to successfully refer?

An appropriate causal connection

A supererogatory action is a bad action

False

Why, for Kantians, would relieving famine be of particularly high priority as a beneficent action?

Because relieving famine would help people be able to pursue ends in the first place

Why is it okay to compel philosophers to rule?

Because the city is responsible for putting them in a position to be philosophers

Why, according to O'Neill, does utilitarianism often lack precision?

Because there is a limited amount of information

Mary is...

Confined to a black and white room taught everything there is to know about physics, chemistry, neurophysiology, etc educated through black and white books

Singer says much of the suffering in the world...

Could be reduced through human efforts

What, for Hume, determines our causal inferences?

Custom or habit

Why does Williams hold it is absurd to ask one to step aside from one's own projects?

Doing so means alienating one from one's actions and the source of those actions

"Act to maximize pleasure" is a formulation of Kant's categorical imperative

False

From the moral point of view, we must first and foremost look at the needs of our own society, according to Singer

False

Parfit is hostile to Buddhist views

False

Ronalds Dworkin argues that Alzheimer's patients are still capable of forming new critical interests

False

Ryle holds that only philosophers subscribe to what he calls the "official doctrine."

False

Smart accepts restricted utilitarianism

False

Socrates is found guilty and exiled from Athens.

False

Thomson argues that abortion is always morally permissible

False

To determine right from wrong, Kantians hold that we must look at the consequences of our actions

False

Utilitarianism concerns only on agent's own happiness

False

When people leave the cave, everything will immediately become clear to them

False

Extreme utilitarians will in practice rarely follow rules for Smart

Flase

Philosophy, for Russell, is to be studied...

For the sake of finding the answers one needs to go on in this world

For an action to show moral worth, according to Kant, it must be done...

From duty

What solution of the problem of determinism/indeterminism does Chisholm suggest?

He posits the agent as an additional cause of action

Which of the following best describes why Descartes concludes he must exist?

He thinks

Which of the following best describes Nozick's entitlement theory?

Historical

For Rawls...

Inequality is okay in a society if everyone is the better for it

What does it mean for an object to "perdure"?

It fills time by having one temporal part after another

What is Locke's general principle of acquisition?

Property rights in an unowned object originate through someone's mixing labor with it

Why does Armstrong think that philosophers should develop their theories following science?

Science is the only area in which we seem intellectual consensus

For the sake of argument, Judith Jarvis Thomson grants the anti-abortionist

That the fetus is a human being

What is Searle's "Chinese room" thought experiment supposed to show?

That understanding involves more than the ability to formally reproduce appropriate outputs

According to Jaworska, what provides the starting point for the capacity for autonomy?

The capacity to value

According to Buddhists...

The notion of an enduring self is a harmful illusion.

What is the brat in a vat scenario?

The possibility that we are really brains in vats in some lab

For Kant, if I cash a check at a bank, I don't necessarily use the bank teller as a mere means

True

What is meant by the "principle of alternate possibilities"?

The principle that a person is only morally responsible if she could've done otherwise

What do prisoners in the cave think is real?

The shadows with which they're acquainted

For Kant, if someone is moved to help others because she derives pleasure from doing so her helping others is not necessarily of moral worth

True

For Thomson, even if the fetus has a right to life, that doesn't mean it has a right to the mother's body

True

Hursthouse describes a case in which someone finds a baby on a doorstep to show that...

There can be moral requirement without a corresponding right

According to the oracle at Delphi...

There is no one wiser than Socrates

For Singer, the best way to prevent starvation is...

Through the donation of money

What does Bertrand Russell set out to do in "The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds"?

To suggest a postulate for our belief in other minds

A benefit of studying philosophy, according to Russell, is that it frees one from one's circle of private interests

True

According to Mill, happiness is our only desire

True

All memories are q-memories

True

Brittleness is an example of disposition

True

Descartes argues that God exists because we have an idea of God and couldn't have created it ourselves

True

Frankfurt denies that the principle of alternate possibilities implies that moral responsibility is incompatible with determinism

True

Hume argues that our senses causes us to believe in the continued existence of objects

True

Hursthouse argues that we need to consider various modes of moral evaluation when discussing whether abortion is morally permissible or not

True

Hursthouse holds that virtue ethics can guide action

True

Jackson holds that Mary learns something new upon her release

True

Kantian ethics is silent about the moral status of unintentional actions, according to O'Neill

True

Neurophilosophy uses scientific discoveries to answer traditional philosophical questions

True

Nozick is well-known for arguing that we value more than the experience of pleasure

True

Nozick rejects an end-state principle of justice

True

Parfit denies that it's important that we develop a definite theory of personal identity to solve important cases that presuppose that concept

True

Socrates find that no one he interviews is wiser than he is, because everyone he interviews thinks they know something, even if they don't know it

True

The "original position" is taken from behind the veil of ignorance

True

Williams suggests that utilitarianism runs the risk of making the value of integrity unintelligible

True

Wolf raises problems for the deep-self view, arguing that it isn't sufficient for responsibility

True

What problem does Williams hope to highlight with his two cases?

Utilitarianism makes integrity unintelligible as a value

What is common worry people have about virtue ethics as an ethical theory?

Virtue ethics cannot tell us about the right action

According to Derek Parfit, if we give up the notion that we're enduring selves, then

We will stop being egoists and our lives will improve

According to Socrates' analogy, Athens is like a _______ and he is like a ______.

horse; gadfly

According to Russell, the "man who has no tincture of philosophy"...

takes the world to be definite, finite, and obvious contemptuously rejects unfamiliar possibilities goes through life imprisoned by local prejudices

According to Wolf, Jojo is

the insane son of an evil dictator who isn't responsible for his actions

The official doctrine is the theory that

the mind and body are separate entities