PAR 101 Final UNCW Baer
What is the relevance of a "q-memory"?
It is a way of talking about memory without presupposing identity
Bertrand Russell concludes that...
It is highly probably that other minds exist
For Unger, the practice of buying life insurance shows that we value more than just what we are conscious of
True
According to Aristotle, there are only moral virtues
False
Frankfurt argues that the principle of alternate possibilities is correct
False
For Aristotle, moral virtue comes from habit
True
For Descartes, God must exist
True
For Kant, all rational beings are ends in themselves
True
Which of the following best defines "qualia"?
What it is like to feel an experience
According to Russell, philosophy is valuable for the same reason science is valuable
False
Churchland is a dualist, because neuroscience suggests this is the correct view
False
Descartes is looking for a certain foundation for all of his knowledge
False
For Aristotle, virtue is an excess of goodness
False
For Searle, humans aren't a kind of machine
False
For Socrates, while justice is important it is more important to protect your own life
False
For Thomson, the right to life amounts to the right to the bare minimum required for living
False
For Wolf, slave owners of the 1850s, Nazis of the 1930s, and male chauvinists of older generations are all morally responsible
False
For Zhuangzi: The Way consists in focusing on how things are different from one another
False
For virtue ethicists, to be a virtuous agent is simply to conform to rules
False
In the violinist case...
A violinist is attached to you while you're sleeping
Why can't empirical evidence ever completely force dualists to give up their position?
Because it is always logically consistent for a dualists to insist on their position
Who is Rene Descartes?
A philosopher who considered skeptical scenarios involving dreams and evil demons
What does Miller mean by a "person-stage"?
A stretch of consciousness
Utilitarianism says...
Actions are right or wring based upon whether they produce happiness or unhappiness
What does Chisholm mean by "immanent cause"?
An agent, distinguished form an event, causes an event
Which of the following best describes the position of a Strong AI?
An appriopriately programmed computer is a mind, in the sense that it can understand
What does Putnam hold is required for a word to successfully refer?
An appropriate causal connection
A supererogatory action is a bad action
False
Why, for Kantians, would relieving famine be of particularly high priority as a beneficent action?
Because relieving famine would help people be able to pursue ends in the first place
Why is it okay to compel philosophers to rule?
Because the city is responsible for putting them in a position to be philosophers
Why, according to O'Neill, does utilitarianism often lack precision?
Because there is a limited amount of information
Mary is...
Confined to a black and white room taught everything there is to know about physics, chemistry, neurophysiology, etc educated through black and white books
Singer says much of the suffering in the world...
Could be reduced through human efforts
What, for Hume, determines our causal inferences?
Custom or habit
Why does Williams hold it is absurd to ask one to step aside from one's own projects?
Doing so means alienating one from one's actions and the source of those actions
"Act to maximize pleasure" is a formulation of Kant's categorical imperative
False
From the moral point of view, we must first and foremost look at the needs of our own society, according to Singer
False
Parfit is hostile to Buddhist views
False
Ronalds Dworkin argues that Alzheimer's patients are still capable of forming new critical interests
False
Ryle holds that only philosophers subscribe to what he calls the "official doctrine."
False
Smart accepts restricted utilitarianism
False
Socrates is found guilty and exiled from Athens.
False
Thomson argues that abortion is always morally permissible
False
To determine right from wrong, Kantians hold that we must look at the consequences of our actions
False
Utilitarianism concerns only on agent's own happiness
False
When people leave the cave, everything will immediately become clear to them
False
Extreme utilitarians will in practice rarely follow rules for Smart
Flase
Philosophy, for Russell, is to be studied...
For the sake of finding the answers one needs to go on in this world
For an action to show moral worth, according to Kant, it must be done...
From duty
What solution of the problem of determinism/indeterminism does Chisholm suggest?
He posits the agent as an additional cause of action
Which of the following best describes why Descartes concludes he must exist?
He thinks
Which of the following best describes Nozick's entitlement theory?
Historical
For Rawls...
Inequality is okay in a society if everyone is the better for it
What does it mean for an object to "perdure"?
It fills time by having one temporal part after another
What is Locke's general principle of acquisition?
Property rights in an unowned object originate through someone's mixing labor with it
Why does Armstrong think that philosophers should develop their theories following science?
Science is the only area in which we seem intellectual consensus
For the sake of argument, Judith Jarvis Thomson grants the anti-abortionist
That the fetus is a human being
What is Searle's "Chinese room" thought experiment supposed to show?
That understanding involves more than the ability to formally reproduce appropriate outputs
According to Jaworska, what provides the starting point for the capacity for autonomy?
The capacity to value
According to Buddhists...
The notion of an enduring self is a harmful illusion.
What is the brat in a vat scenario?
The possibility that we are really brains in vats in some lab
For Kant, if I cash a check at a bank, I don't necessarily use the bank teller as a mere means
True
What is meant by the "principle of alternate possibilities"?
The principle that a person is only morally responsible if she could've done otherwise
What do prisoners in the cave think is real?
The shadows with which they're acquainted
For Kant, if someone is moved to help others because she derives pleasure from doing so her helping others is not necessarily of moral worth
True
For Thomson, even if the fetus has a right to life, that doesn't mean it has a right to the mother's body
True
Hursthouse describes a case in which someone finds a baby on a doorstep to show that...
There can be moral requirement without a corresponding right
According to the oracle at Delphi...
There is no one wiser than Socrates
For Singer, the best way to prevent starvation is...
Through the donation of money
What does Bertrand Russell set out to do in "The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds"?
To suggest a postulate for our belief in other minds
A benefit of studying philosophy, according to Russell, is that it frees one from one's circle of private interests
True
According to Mill, happiness is our only desire
True
All memories are q-memories
True
Brittleness is an example of disposition
True
Descartes argues that God exists because we have an idea of God and couldn't have created it ourselves
True
Frankfurt denies that the principle of alternate possibilities implies that moral responsibility is incompatible with determinism
True
Hume argues that our senses causes us to believe in the continued existence of objects
True
Hursthouse argues that we need to consider various modes of moral evaluation when discussing whether abortion is morally permissible or not
True
Hursthouse holds that virtue ethics can guide action
True
Jackson holds that Mary learns something new upon her release
True
Kantian ethics is silent about the moral status of unintentional actions, according to O'Neill
True
Neurophilosophy uses scientific discoveries to answer traditional philosophical questions
True
Nozick is well-known for arguing that we value more than the experience of pleasure
True
Nozick rejects an end-state principle of justice
True
Parfit denies that it's important that we develop a definite theory of personal identity to solve important cases that presuppose that concept
True
Socrates find that no one he interviews is wiser than he is, because everyone he interviews thinks they know something, even if they don't know it
True
The "original position" is taken from behind the veil of ignorance
True
Williams suggests that utilitarianism runs the risk of making the value of integrity unintelligible
True
Wolf raises problems for the deep-self view, arguing that it isn't sufficient for responsibility
True
What problem does Williams hope to highlight with his two cases?
Utilitarianism makes integrity unintelligible as a value
What is common worry people have about virtue ethics as an ethical theory?
Virtue ethics cannot tell us about the right action
According to Derek Parfit, if we give up the notion that we're enduring selves, then
We will stop being egoists and our lives will improve
According to Socrates' analogy, Athens is like a _______ and he is like a ______.
horse; gadfly
According to Russell, the "man who has no tincture of philosophy"...
takes the world to be definite, finite, and obvious contemptuously rejects unfamiliar possibilities goes through life imprisoned by local prejudices
According to Wolf, Jojo is
the insane son of an evil dictator who isn't responsible for his actions
The official doctrine is the theory that
the mind and body are separate entities