Parkinson's/Huntington's NCLEX-Khan Academy

Which of the following diseases is associated with decreased levels of dopamine due to destruction of pigmented neuronal cells in the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia of the brain? A. Huntington's disease B. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease C. Parkinson's disease D. Multiple sclerosis

C. Parkinson's disease

During an interview with a patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD), which of the following speech patterns will the healthcare provider anticipate? A. Pressured and hurried B. Bubbly and spirited C. Slow, slurred, and monotone D. Clear and rhythmic

C. Slow, slurred, and monotone

A patient who has been treated with levodopa for Parkinson disease (PD) tells the healthcare provider, "I'm worried because don't think the drug is helping me anymore." Which of the following is the best response by the healthcare provider? A. "Now that the medication isn't working, we can consider surgery." B. "It looks like your liver is not able to metabolize the drug as well as it used to." C. "It is unlikely that the levodopa has stopped being effective." D. "It can be disappointing when the medications don't work like they used to."

D. "It can be disappointing when the medications don't work like they used to."

A patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is admitted to the medical unit. Which of these menu options is the safest choice for this patient? A. Raw vegetables B. Chicken broth C. Sandwich D. Milk shake

D. Milk shake

Which of the following interventions will the healthcare provider put in place when caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD)? Select all that apply. Choose all answers that apply: A. Auscultate the patient's lung sounds B. Provide a clear liquid diet, then progress to solid foods C. Advise the patient to make position changes slowly D. Assist the patient with ambulation E. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter F. Administer the prescribed stool softener

A. Auscultate the patient's lung sounds C. Advise the patient to make position changes slowly D. Assist the patient with ambulation F. Administer the prescribed stool softener

A nurse is instructing a client regarding Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The nurse tells the client that which of the following is a side effect of the medication? A. Difficulty performing a voluntary movement. B. Increased blood pressure. C. Increased heart rate. D. Itchiness of the skin.

A. Difficulty performing a voluntary movement.

Which of the following adverse effects should the healthcare provider inquire about when assessing a patient who is receiving an anticholinergic medication for the treatment of Parkinson's disease? Select all that apply. Choose all answers that apply: A. Dry eyes B. Urinary retention C. Bradycardia D. Dry mouth E. Constipation F. Bruising

A. Dry eyes B. Urinary retention D. Dry mouth E. Constipation

The healthcare provider is teaching a patient with a new diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) about lifestyle changes to make the disease more manageable. Which of the following will the healthcare provider include in the teaching? Select all that apply. Choose all answers that apply: A. Eat small, frequent meals B. Choose clothing that does not require buttons C. Perform range of motion exercises daily D. Wear shoes with rubber soles E. Maintain a low calorie diet, low fat diet

A. Eat small, frequent meals B. Choose clothing that does not require buttons C. Perform range of motion exercises daily

A patient who is diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) states, "I can't tie my shoelaces anymore." The healthcare provider recognizes that this patient's problem is due to a deficiency in which of these neurotransmitters? A. Seratonin B. Dopamine C. Glutamate D. Norepinephrine

B. Dopamine

The nurse is giving instructions to a client receiving Phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse concludes that the client has a sufficient knowledge if the client states that: A. "Wearing a medical alert tag is not required". B. "Alcohol is permitted in while taking this medication". C. "I can take the medicine with milk". D. Have the serum phenytoin level taken before giving the medication"

D. Have the serum phenytoin level taken before giving the medication"

A college student is asking the nurse about his grandfather, who just received a diagnosis of Huntington's disease. The student wants to know if he will have the disease, too. What should the nurse tell the student? Select all that apply. 1. "Huntington's disease affects men more than women." 2. "Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disease." 3. "Huntington's disease does not skip a generation." 4. "Huntington's disease is a treatable disease." 5. "There is a 75% chance you will have the disease."

2. "Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disease." 3. "Huntington's disease does not skip a generation."

The healthcare provider is exploring the health history of a patient diagnosed with Parkinson disease. During the interview, which of these questions should the healthcare provider ask the patient? Select all that apply. Choose all answers that apply: A. "Do you know if you have ever been exposed to pesticides?" B. "Have you noticed a decrease in your sense of taste or smell?" C. "Do you ever experience visual disturbances before your headaches?" D. "Did your muscle weakness first occur in your legs or your arms?" E. "Has your spouse ever noticed a change in your mood or memory?" F. "Have any of your family members had difficulty writing or holding a pencil?"

A. "Do you know if you have ever been exposed to pesticides?" B. "Have you noticed a decrease in your sense of taste or smell?" E. "Has your spouse ever noticed a change in your mood or memory?" F. "Have any of your family members had difficulty writing or holding a pencil?"

A patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) has been prescribed levodopa. Which of the following statements will the healthcare provider include when teaching the patient about this medication? Select all that apply. Choose all answers that apply: A. "Let us know if you notice if the medication begins to lose its effectiveness." B. "It may take a few months for you to experience the full effects of the medication." C. "Call our office if you notice the development of a tic or facial grimace." D. "This medication will reverse the disease process and give you a normal life." E. "If you experience nausea, you may take your medication with a high protein meal."

A. "Let us know if you notice if the medication begins to lose its effectiveness." B. "It may take a few months for you to experience the full effects of the medication." C. "Call our office if you notice the development of a tic or facial grimace."

Mannitol (Osmitrol) an osmotic diuretic which is contraindicated to which conditions? Select all that apply A. Pulmonary edema. B. Narrow-angle glaucoma. C. Heart failure. D. Chemotherapy. E. Hyponatremia

A. Pulmonary edema. C. Heart failure. E. Hyponatremia

A patient diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) is prescribed levodopa. The medication therapy can be considered effective when the healthcare provider assesses improvement in which of the following? A. Urinary frequency B. Visual acuity C. Appetite D. Hearing

A. Urinary frequency

A patient who has been prescribed the antiparkinsonian medication carbidopa/levodopa, asks the healthcare provider, "Why am I getting these two medications?" How should the healthcare provider respond? A. "You will experience fewer side effects when you take both medications together." B. "The carbidopa prevents the breakdown of the levodopa." C. "This drug combination is composed of two types of the same medication." D. "The levodopa turns the carbidopa into dopamine when it reaches the brain."

B. "The carbidopa prevents the breakdown of the levodopa."

1. Which of the following terms (Huntington's) is used to describe rapid, jerky, involuntary, purposeless movements of the extremities? A. Spondylosis B. Chorea C. Bradykinesia D. Dyskinesia

B. Chorea

The healthcare provider is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD). Which of the following findings would the healthcare provider anticipate? Select all that apply. Choose all answers that apply: A. Receptive aphasia B. Depression C. Daytime sleepiness D. Kyphosis E. Exophthalamos F. Bradykinesia

B. Depression C. Daytime sleepiness D. Kyphosis F. Bradykinesia

The healthcare provider is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD). Which of the following assessments will the healthcare provider anticipate? A. An absence of stereognosis B. Pill-rolling tremor when the hand is at rest C. Deep tendon reflexes graded as 111 D. Twisting and protruding movements of the tongue

B. Pill-rolling tremor when the hand is at rest

When planning care for a patient diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD), which of these patient outcomes should receive priority in the patient's plan of care? A. Taking a daily walk around the neighborhood B. Toileting and bathing independently C. Taking a vitamin supplement each day D. Working on a favorite hobby

B. Toileting and bathing independently

A nurse is giving dietary instructions to a client receiving levodopa. Which of the following food items should be avoided by the client? A. Goat yogurt. B. Whole grain cereal. C. Asparagus. D. Apples.

B. Whole grain cereal. (due to Vit B)

When obtaining the health history of a patient diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD), which of the following symptoms should the healthcare provider anticipate the patient to report? A. "I used to be able to walk up the stairs without getting out of breath." B. "I've been getting really severe headaches lately." C. "Sometimes I feel like my feet are glued to the floor." D. "My eyes have become very sensitive to light."

C. "Sometimes I feel like my feet are glued to the floor."

Which of the following diseases is a chronic, progressive, hereditary disease of the nervous system that results in progressive involuntary dance-like movement and dementia? A. Parkinson's disease B. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease C. Huntington's disease D. Multiple sclerosis

C. Huntington's disease

The healthcare provider is teaching a student about Parkinson disease (PD). Which of these statements best describes the brain abnormality characteristic of the disease? A. Amyloid plaques are deposited in the brain B. There is a progressive breakdown of the blood-brain barrier C. Neurons in the substantia nigra begin to degenerate D. Central nervous system neurons become demyelinated

C. Neurons in the substantia nigra begin to degenerate