Patho Ch 10, 11, 13, 14, 15
How many liters of blood are circulating in the human body at any one time?
4 to 6
The normal life span of a red blood cell is
80 - 120 days
A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk due to pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is
ALL (Acute Lymphoid Leukemia)
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement?
Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
When a patient receives bone marrow from a closely matched relative, it is referred to as what type of transplant?
Allogenic
A severe life-threatening type I hypersensitivity reaction is
Anaphylaxis
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
Aspirin
What assists in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma?
Bence Jones Protein
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is
Bence Jones proteins in the urine
The movement of nutrients and O2 as well as the removal of metabolic wastes occurs in
Capillaries
Thrombosis in the microcirculation throughout the body is called
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Anemia of chronic renal failure is caused by the lack of
Erythropoietin
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (International Normalized Ratio) measure the integrity of
Extrinsic Pathway
Treatment for hemophilia A includes
Factor 8 replacement
The cause of the most common form of anemia is
Iron deficiency
A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that the patient
Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic
Which is a malignant disorder of mature antibody-secreting B lymphocytes or plasma cells?
Multiple myeloma
Neoplastic transformation of bone marrow stem cells is what kind of polycythemia?
Polycythemia vera
It is true that acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is
Primarily diagnosed in children
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is
Pulmonary Embolis
Dehydration with spurious increase in red blood cells is due to what kind of polycythemia?
Relative Polycythemia
Polycythemia due to hypoxemia with resultant increase in erythropoietin production...
Secondary Polycythemia
Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of atherosclerosis?
Smoking
Which term best describes a condition that presents with the symptoms of petechiae, easy bruising, bleeding gums, occult hematuria, or retinal hemorrhages?
Thrombocytopenia
What is the specific terminology to describe the formation of a blood clot in a vein?
Thrombophlebitis
The role of the circulatory system is to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Transport O2 and nutrients throughout the body Remove waste products found within the body
A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.
Type 3 hypersensitivity
What gene is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
bcr-abl
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. Elevated granulocyte count B. Abdominal discomfort C. Enlarged painless lymph nodes D. Cause bone pain E. Weight loss
A. Elevated granulocyte count B. Abdominal discomfort E. Weight loss
A patient is diagnosed with myeloma. The nurse teaches the patient about the multiple tumor sites that can develop with this cancer. The possible tumor sites in myeloma include the (Select all that apply.) A. Spleen B. Stomach C. Liver D. Pancreas E. Kidneys
A. Spleen C.Liver E. Kidneys (Bone and lymph nodes)
What is the pathophysiologic abnormality underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Autoimmunity
When a patient receives bone marrow from their own blood, it is referred to as what type of transplant?
Autologous transplants collect stem cells from the patient's own blood to be stored and then re-infused after chemotherapy and irradiation.
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.)
Platelets Monocytes Granulocytes
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood cells?
Polycethemia
The condition associated with hypoxemia as a result of lung disease or living at high altitudes is called
secondary polycythemia.
An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is
Histamine
Which disease has the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on histologic examination?
Hodgkin lymphoma
Which type of hypersensitivity response is mediated by T cells?
Hypersensitivity type IV
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of
Intrinsic pathway
Which is a required for red blood cell production? (Select all that apply.)
Iron Folate Vitamin B12
Which statement is true regarding thalassemia?
It is a deficiency of one or more polypeptide chains.
Which statement is true about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
It is both a bleeding and clotting disorder.
Which is true regarding hemophilia A?
It is caused by factor VIII deficiency.
Which statement(s) are true regarding aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.)
It is caused by viral infections It is characterized by pancytopenia. It can be either acquired or familiar in nature. It is a result of radiant damage to bone marrow stem cells.
Which statement(s) are true regarding aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.)
It is caused by viral infections. It is characterized by pancytopenia. It can be either acquired or familiar in nature. It is a result of radiant damage to bone marrow stem cells.
Which component of the blood is responsible for protecting the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms and other debris?
Leukocytes
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?
Liver
Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because
Massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.
A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is
Mast cells
A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest X-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is
Myeloma
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?
Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising