Patho Ch 10, 11, 13, 14, 15

How many liters of blood are circulating in the human body at any one time?

4 to 6

The normal life span of a red blood cell is

80 - 120 days

A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk due to pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is

ALL (Acute Lymphoid Leukemia)

Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement?

Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome.

When a patient receives bone marrow from a closely matched relative, it is referred to as what type of transplant?

Allogenic

A severe life-threatening type I hypersensitivity reaction is

Anaphylaxis

A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is

Aspirin

What assists in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma?

Bence Jones Protein

A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is

Bence Jones proteins in the urine

The movement of nutrients and O2 as well as the removal of metabolic wastes occurs in

Capillaries

Thrombosis in the microcirculation throughout the body is called

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Anemia of chronic renal failure is caused by the lack of

Erythropoietin

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (International Normalized Ratio) measure the integrity of

Extrinsic Pathway

Treatment for hemophilia A includes

Factor 8 replacement

The cause of the most common form of anemia is

Iron deficiency

A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that the patient

Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic

Which is a malignant disorder of mature antibody-secreting B lymphocytes or plasma cells?

Multiple myeloma

Neoplastic transformation of bone marrow stem cells is what kind of polycythemia?

Polycythemia vera

It is true that acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is

Primarily diagnosed in children

A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is

Pulmonary Embolis

Dehydration with spurious increase in red blood cells is due to what kind of polycythemia?

Relative Polycythemia

Polycythemia due to hypoxemia with resultant increase in erythropoietin production...

Secondary Polycythemia

Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of atherosclerosis?

Smoking

Which term best describes a condition that presents with the symptoms of petechiae, easy bruising, bleeding gums, occult hematuria, or retinal hemorrhages?

Thrombocytopenia

What is the specific terminology to describe the formation of a blood clot in a vein?

Thrombophlebitis

The role of the circulatory system is to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Transport O2 and nutrients throughout the body Remove waste products found within the body

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

Type 3 hypersensitivity

What gene is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

bcr-abl

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. Elevated granulocyte count B. Abdominal discomfort C. Enlarged painless lymph nodes D. Cause bone pain E. Weight loss

A. Elevated granulocyte count B. Abdominal discomfort E. Weight loss

A patient is diagnosed with myeloma. The nurse teaches the patient about the multiple tumor sites that can develop with this cancer. The possible tumor sites in myeloma include the (Select all that apply.) A. Spleen B. Stomach C. Liver D. Pancreas E. Kidneys

A. Spleen C.Liver E. Kidneys (Bone and lymph nodes)

What is the pathophysiologic abnormality underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Autoimmunity

When a patient receives bone marrow from their own blood, it is referred to as what type of transplant?

Autologous transplants collect stem cells from the patient's own blood to be stored and then re-infused after chemotherapy and irradiation.

Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.)

Platelets Monocytes Granulocytes

Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood cells?

Polycethemia

The condition associated with hypoxemia as a result of lung disease or living at high altitudes is called

secondary polycythemia.

An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is

Histamine

Which disease has the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on histologic examination?

Hodgkin lymphoma

Which type of hypersensitivity response is mediated by T cells?

Hypersensitivity type IV

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of

Intrinsic pathway

Which is a required for red blood cell production? (Select all that apply.)

Iron Folate Vitamin B12

Which statement is true regarding thalassemia?

It is a deficiency of one or more polypeptide chains.

Which statement is true about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

It is both a bleeding and clotting disorder.

Which is true regarding hemophilia A?

It is caused by factor VIII deficiency.

Which statement(s) are true regarding aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.)

It is caused by viral infections It is characterized by pancytopenia. It can be either acquired or familiar in nature. It is a result of radiant damage to bone marrow stem cells.

Which statement(s) are true regarding aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.)

It is caused by viral infections. It is characterized by pancytopenia. It can be either acquired or familiar in nature. It is a result of radiant damage to bone marrow stem cells.

Which component of the blood is responsible for protecting the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms and other debris?

Leukocytes

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?

Liver

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because

Massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.

A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is

Mast cells

A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest X-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is

Myeloma

Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?

Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising