Patho Ch. 22, 23, 24, 25
Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are associated with
hypophosphatemia
empyema
infection in the pleural space
Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of
metabolic acid deficit.
Diarrhea causes
metabolic acidosis
If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis the blood pH is
normal range
A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse. Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?
pH in high part of normal range, PaO2 normal, PaCO2 high, bicarbonate high
A patient exhibiting respiratory distress as well as a tracheal shift should be evaluated for
pneumothorax
A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop
respiratory alkalosis
Which complication of asthma is life threatening?
status asthmaticus
Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control the release of
vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH).
renal compensation for respiratory acidosis
Elevated bicarbonate ion concentration
What is likely to lead to hyponatremia
Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water
Which change in a patient's assessment has the greatest urgency? a. Serum potassium concentration is decreasing; abdominal distention, but denies any difficulty breathing b. Serum calcium concentration is decreasing; reports constipation; is alert and denies any discomfort c. Serum calcium concentration is increasing; reports constipation; is alert and denies any discomfort d. Serum potassium concentration is increasing; has developed cardiac dysrhythmias, but denies any difficulty breathing
Serum potassium concentration is increasing; has developed cardiac dysrhythmias, but denies any difficulty breathing
Air that enters the pleural space during inspiration it it unable to exit during expiration creates a condition called
Tension pneumothorax
The assessment findings of a 5-year old with a history of asthma include extreme sob, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There's no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?
The child may be having severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start O2 and get doctor immediately
Causes of metabolic acidosis
Tissue anoxia (Tissue anoxia can it from lactic acid production during anaerobic metabolism)
Asthma is categorized as
a reversible obstructive pulmonary disorder
Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system include: A) confusion. B) irritability. C) insomnia. D) depression.
confusion
The fraction of total body water volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is
2/3
Total body water in older adults is
Decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle mass
A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is
Dry cough
S/S of extracellular fluid volume excess
Bounding pulse
Patient who is 8 months pregnant has developed eclampsia and is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures. To determine if her infusion rate is too high, you should regularly
Check the patellar reflex, if it becomes weak or absent her infusion rate is too high and she is at risk for respiratory depression or cardiac arrest
cause of hypomagnesemia include
Chronic alcoholism
Clinical manifestations of hypnoatremia include
Confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures
Which clinical manifestation is not likely the result of a tuberculosis infection?
Cyanosis. (Productive cough, low grade fever, night sweats are s/s)
A patient who reports an intestinal fistula also reports feeling "weak and dizzy" when she stands. While taking her blood pressure she becomes temporarily unresponsive but quickly regained consciousness when put into a supine position. What nursing intervention will the nurse implement before calling the physician?
Give her water or juice and some salty crackers and ask if she has had any diarrhea or vomiting
The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is
Hypoxemia
To best prevent emphysema, a patient is instructed to stop smoking since cigarette smoke
Impairs alpha-1 antitypsin allowing elastase to predominate
A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of
Increased neuromuscular excitability
Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonar because of
Increased pulmonary vascular resistance
The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused by
Increased residual lung volumes
Diarrhea and lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to
Metabolic acidosis
Two primary acid based disorders that are present independently are referred to as
Mixed acid base imbalance
The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Legionanaire's Disease is characterized by
Presence of systemic illness
The hyper-secretion of mucus resulting from chronic bronchitis is the result of
Recurrent infection
The _______ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis
Respiratory
What form of oral rehydration, bottle water or salty broth is best suited for a patient who is demonstrating signs of clinical dehydration?
Salty soup because it will provide some sodium to help hold the fluid in his blood vessels and interstitial fluid
How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes parathyroid hormone related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance?
Serum calcium, bowel function, level of consciousness