Patho Ch. 22, 23, 24, 25

Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are associated with

hypophosphatemia

empyema

infection in the pleural space

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of

metabolic acid deficit.

Diarrhea causes

metabolic acidosis

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis the blood pH is

normal range

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse. Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

pH in high part of normal range, PaO2 normal, PaCO2 high, bicarbonate high

A patient exhibiting respiratory distress as well as a tracheal shift should be evaluated for

pneumothorax

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

respiratory alkalosis

Which complication of asthma is life threatening?

status asthmaticus

Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control the release of

vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH).

renal compensation for respiratory acidosis

Elevated bicarbonate ion concentration

What is likely to lead to hyponatremia

Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water

Which change in a patient's assessment has the greatest urgency? a. Serum potassium concentration is decreasing; abdominal distention, but denies any difficulty breathing b. Serum calcium concentration is decreasing; reports constipation; is alert and denies any discomfort c. Serum calcium concentration is increasing; reports constipation; is alert and denies any discomfort d. Serum potassium concentration is increasing; has developed cardiac dysrhythmias, but denies any difficulty breathing

Serum potassium concentration is increasing; has developed cardiac dysrhythmias, but denies any difficulty breathing

Air that enters the pleural space during inspiration it it unable to exit during expiration creates a condition called

Tension pneumothorax

The assessment findings of a 5-year old with a history of asthma include extreme sob, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There's no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?

The child may be having severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start O2 and get doctor immediately

Causes of metabolic acidosis

Tissue anoxia (Tissue anoxia can it from lactic acid production during anaerobic metabolism)

Asthma is categorized as

a reversible obstructive pulmonary disorder

Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system include: A) confusion. B) irritability. C) insomnia. D) depression.

confusion

The fraction of total body water volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is

2/3

Total body water in older adults is

Decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle mass

A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is

Dry cough

S/S of extracellular fluid volume excess

Bounding pulse

Patient who is 8 months pregnant has developed eclampsia and is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures. To determine if her infusion rate is too high, you should regularly

Check the patellar reflex, if it becomes weak or absent her infusion rate is too high and she is at risk for respiratory depression or cardiac arrest

cause of hypomagnesemia include

Chronic alcoholism

Clinical manifestations of hypnoatremia include

Confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures

Which clinical manifestation is not likely the result of a tuberculosis infection?

Cyanosis. (Productive cough, low grade fever, night sweats are s/s)

A patient who reports an intestinal fistula also reports feeling "weak and dizzy" when she stands. While taking her blood pressure she becomes temporarily unresponsive but quickly regained consciousness when put into a supine position. What nursing intervention will the nurse implement before calling the physician?

Give her water or juice and some salty crackers and ask if she has had any diarrhea or vomiting

The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is

Hypoxemia

To best prevent emphysema, a patient is instructed to stop smoking since cigarette smoke

Impairs alpha-1 antitypsin allowing elastase to predominate

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of

Increased neuromuscular excitability

Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonar because of

Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused by

Increased residual lung volumes

Diarrhea and lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

Metabolic acidosis

Two primary acid based disorders that are present independently are referred to as

Mixed acid base imbalance

The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Legionanaire's Disease is characterized by

Presence of systemic illness

The hyper-secretion of mucus resulting from chronic bronchitis is the result of

Recurrent infection

The _______ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

Respiratory

What form of oral rehydration, bottle water or salty broth is best suited for a patient who is demonstrating signs of clinical dehydration?

Salty soup because it will provide some sodium to help hold the fluid in his blood vessels and interstitial fluid

How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes parathyroid hormone related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance?

Serum calcium, bowel function, level of consciousness