Patho Chapter 26 PrepU

Which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?

low-density lipoprotein LDL

The dietitian is teaching a client about cholesterol reduction strategies. Which comment by the client indicates that he understands the teaching?

"I should avoid fats that are manufactured from vegetable oils and used to extend the shelf life of fast foods."

A 52-year-old man who is moderately obese has recently been diagnosed with hypertension by the health care provider. Which client statement indicates a need for further health promotion teaching?

"I'm going to eat organic foods from now on but I'm glad I don't have to watch my fat intake."

Which client is at greatest risk for orthostatic hypotension?

A 66-year-old postoperative client on bed rest

A nurse is planning a community education program on hypertension. Which parameter should be included to explain the regulation of arterial blood pressure?

Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance

An adult's documented blood pressure (BP) readings over the past 2 years include: 140/82 mm Hg, 144/82 mm Hg, 150/82 mm Hg, 160/82 mm Hg, and 162/82 mm Hg. Which interpretation(s) of these BP trend will the provider discuss with this client? Select all that apply.

Client's systolic BP is hypertensive. Client has increased risk for future cardiovascular events.

A nurse is planning a community education program on lifestyle modification to manage hypertension. Which topic should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. Reduce dietary sodium intake. Stop smoking. Limit alcohol consumption.

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who is experiencing angina. Which finding might be expected in a client with dyslipidemia?

Elevated total cholesterol

Which is the most common site for an aortic aneurysm?

abdominal aorta

In addition to direct invasion of the vascular wall by an infectious agent, what pathogenic mechanism is a common cause of vasculitis?

Immune-mediated inflammation

The nurse knows that which food is excluded from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet?

steak

A client taking an antihypertensive drug for several months comes to the physician's office with a dry, persistent cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A postsurgical client reports calf pain combined with the emergence of swelling and redness in the area, which has lead to a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What treatment option will be of greatest benefit to prevent further thrombus formation?

Anticoagulation therapy and elevation of the leg

The nurse knows that coarctation of the aorta can be a secondary cause of hypertension. Which blood pressure finding can be characteristic of this condition?

Blood pressure in arms 20 mm Hg higher than in the legs

The nurse is assessing a 77-year-old client who has been diagnosed with hypertension. Which age-related physiologic changes may have contributed to the client's diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Decreased compliance of the aorta Decreased sensitivity of baroreceptors decrease renal blood flow

What should the nurse teach the client with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication about exercise?

Exercise can increase blood vessel growth and help to decrease symptoms.

The health care team proposes a treatment plan for a client with peripheral artery disease. Which treatment measures are likely included?

Exercise training like walking to increase collateral circulation

The client undergoes a cardiac catheterization to evaluate symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath. The test shows lesions in the coronary arteries that have begun to reduce the size of the vessel lumen. This type of lesion is known as:

Fibrous atheromatous plaque

Which one of the following is an example of hyperemia?

Finger redness in Raynaud phenomenon

The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which action/activity demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia?

Going for a brisk walk with a friend and talking to him about continuing to exercise regularly

Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as 20 to 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiologic studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?

Hypercholesterolemia

The nurse is teaching a group of clients about hypertension. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the clients state: Select all that apply.

It is the most common cardiovascular disorder. The incidence increases with age. the systolic pressure is > 140 mm Hg

The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?

LDL

At 4 AM, the hemodynamic monitor for a critically ill client in the intensive care unit indicates that the client's mean arterial pressure is at the low end of the normal range; at 6 AM, the client's MAP has fallen definitively below normal. The client is at risk for:

Organ damage and hypovolemic shock

The client's ultrasound shows a thrombus in the venous sinus in the soleus muscle. The nurse explains that early treatment is important to prevent:

Pulmonary embolism

The nurse is preparing to auscultate a client's blood pressure. Which information obtained from the client would indicate that the nurse should wait 30 minutes prior to obtaining a reading?

The client just smoked a cigarette.

The client has been diagnosed with Raynaud disease. Which treatment measure will the nurse teach the client?

The client must protect the entire body from cold, not just the extremities.

Which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

The nurse recognizes that there are many factors that influence blood flow within the systemic circulation. In the circulatory system, which of the following are called resistance vessels?

arterioles

A client with hypercholesterolemia is being treated with diet and exercise. Which assessment finding is a positive outcome of this treatment regimen?

increased high-density lipoproteins

The pediatrician is examining a young client and notes necrotizing damage to the coronary arteries in the child's echocardiogram. The pediatrician suspects the child has which of the following?

kawasaki disease

The nurse knows that vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) plays which role in blood pressure control?

promotes retention of water

Which vascular changes can occur in older adults because of the increase in blood pressure during the aging process?

Decreased elasticity in arterial connective tissue

A client presents to the emergency department reporting bilateral cyanosis and pallor of the fingers after being out in the cold weather for 5 minutes. The toes are of normal color. What is a potential diagnosis for this client?

raynaud disease

A client diagnosed with giant cell arteritis will likely experience pain located in which region of the head?

temporal

The nurse knows that the primary long-term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system?

the kidneys