Patho Exam 3

When an infant is born with gene mutation in his/her cells, the errors may be a result of all of the following except ____________ of base pairs. a) Deletion b) Rearrangement c) Differentiation d) Substitution

** C (Differentiation)

What are the three functions of the Lymphatic system?

1) Removal of excess fluids from body tissues 2) Absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fats and chyle to blood 3) Production of immune cells in the bone marrow and circulate in the body

Platelet levels

150,000-400,000 u/L

WBC levels

5,000-10,000/uL Less than 5000/uL us leukopenia

MCV (mean corpuscular volume)

80-100 fL

The patient develops an acute hemolytic reaction to blood transfusion. Which actions should the nurse take?

Administer IV fluid if hypotensive Stop the transfusion immediately Document the reaction according to facility protocols Frequent checking of all vital signs

Which of the following are characteristic of iron-deficiency anemia?

Associated with chronic blood loss Most common type of anemia A microcytic hypo-chromic anemia

RBC levels

F: 3.8 to 5.1 million/L M: 4.3 to 5.7 million/L

Hemoglobin levels

Female: 12-16 g/dL Males: 14-18 g/dL

Hematocrit levels

Female: 37-48% Male: 45-52%

Genetic makeup of an individual is called:

Genotype

Genetic testing has revealed that a female infant has been born with a missing X chromosome. What are possible implications of this finding?

Infertility Webbing of the neck Short stature No menstruation Small fingernails Widely spaced nipples

What is the physical manifestation of genetic information called?

Phenotype

A woman who has just learned that she is pregnant for the first time has sought advice from her healthcare provider about the safe use of alcohol during pregnancy. What advice should the clinician provide to the woman?

a) "You should drink no alcohol until you are in your second trimester." b) "You should limit yourself to a maximum of one drink daily while you're pregnant." c) "Moderation in alcohol use is critical while you're pregnant." d) "It's best to eliminate alcohol from your diet while you're pregnant." **D ("It's best to eliminate alcohol from your diet while you're pregnant")

A heterozygous individual mens that...

a) All of their offspring will have the exact same traits b) The individual has inherited different forms of a particular gene from each parent. c) The individual has inherited identical forms of a particular gene from each parent d) The individual will have an abnormality at birth **B (The individual has inherited different forms of a particular gene from each parent)

A 5-year-old African American boy develops severe bone pain in his legs during a recent illness. What does the nurse anticipate as a possible diagnosis?

a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia b) Iron deficiency anemia c) Blood loss due to thrombocytopenia d) Ischemia due to sickle-cell disease **D Ischemia due to sickle-cell disease

Which is true when a male child inherits an X-linked disorder from his heterozygous carrier mother?

a) His sons will be carriers b) Some of his sisters will be carriers c) His daughters will have the disorder d) His father has the disorder ** B (He inherited it not, giving it to his offspring yet)

A teratogenic environment agent can cause birth defects when:

a) Intense exposure occurs after birth b) Inherited as a recessive trait c) Exposure occurs during early pregnancy d) Non-disjunction occurs during meiosis ** C (Exposure occurs during early pregnancy)

A patient with a hemoglobin level of 6.0 g/dL has palpations, a HR of 102 bpm, and an increased reticulocyte count. Considering the severity of the anemia, what other S/S would the nurse expect the patient to exhibit?

a) Left arm weakness b) Cyanosis c) Lower back pain d) Dyspnea on exertion ** d Dyspnea on exertion

Which of the following is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor?

a) Microcytic anemia b) Megaloblastic anemia c) Pernicious anemia d) Normocytic anemia **C. Pernicious anemia

Which is the process of cell division which results in a germ cell containing 23 chromosomes?

a) Mitosis b) Deletion c) Addition of base pair d) Meiosis **D (Meiosis)

The nurse is administering a blood transfusion to a patient. After 3 hours, the patient complains of chills and develops a fever. What does the nurse recognize is likely occurring in this patient?

a) The patient is experiencing vascular collapse b) The patient is having a type IV hypersensitivity reaction c) The patient is having a febrile non-hemolytic reaction d) The patient is experiencing fluid volume overload **C The patient is having a febrile non-hemolytic reaction

The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease. Why does the patient have anemia?

a) Their RBCs are being destroyed b) Lack of erythropoietin production c) Waste products are accumulating in the blood d) They are not consuming enough iron ** B Lack of erythropoietin production

An older adult presents with spoon shaped nails and tongue inflammation. The nurse anticipates which lab value to be abnormal?

a) WBC count b) RBC count c) Platelet counts d) Levels of plasma proteins ** B RBC counts

All of the following are features of a mature red blood cells except:

a) it has a blood-typing antigen on its cell membrane b) It has a nucleus c) It is broken down and recycled in the spleen d) Its branch of formation is erythropoiesis ** B. It has a nucleus

A patient is admitted for evaluation and treatment of thrombocytopenia. Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?

a) monitoring the patient for internal bleeding b) Maintaining the patient on strict bed rest to prevent injury c) Taking the temperature every 4-8 hours to assess for fever d) Monitor the patient for dyspnea ** A. Monitor the patient for internal bleeding

During an assessment of a patient with pernicious anemia, what manifestation would the nurse expect to find?

a) scleral icterus b) Paresthesia of the hands and feet c) Intermittent heartburn with acid reflux d) Hepatomegaly ** B. Paresthesia of the hands and feet

A patient with hemophilia comes to the clinic for his regular treatment. What should the nurse anticipate that he or she will need to administer?

a) whole blood b) clotting factor c) platelets d) fresh frozen plasma ** B. Clotting factor

A dominant genetic trait is...

expressed in either a homozygous or heterozygous pairing