Science Bowl Multiple Choice Practice Questions
PHYSICS Short Answer According to the typical color triangle, what are the three primary colors of light?
Red, Green, Blue
1
Refractive index of a vacuum
desalination
Removal of dissolved salts from seawater
Strike - slip
Type of fault is California's San Andreas Fault
Up, Strange, and Top
What are the 3 positively charged quarks?
Battery
What did Alessandro Volta invent?
The English nickname for this constellation is "The Chained Maiden" and what isthe astronomer's name?
Andromeda
Angle of reflection
Angle of a reflected ray or particle from a surface; measured from a line perpendicular to the surface (the normal)
cluster
a group of galaxies
Time interval between two successie occurrences of a planet (or the moon) with the sun and the earth
a synodic period
Hyposonic
sound frequencies below 20 Hz
quasar
the brilliant center of a distant galaxy
Calculate ΔGº (read as: delta G naught), giving your answer in kilojoules, for a reaction in which ΔHº = +180 kilojoules and ΔSº = +100 joules per kelvin at 300 kelvin and 1 atmosphere pressure:
+150 (ACCEPT: 150) (SO NOT ACCEPT: -150) (Solution: ΔGº = ΔHº-TΔSº = 180kJ - [300K(0.10 kJ/K)] = 150 kJ)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Rounded to the nearest decimal place, convert 13 Kelvin into degrees Centigrade:
-260
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common term for the substance recognized as foreign and able to elicit antibody production:
Antigen
CHEMISTRY Short Answer What is the name of the element with the symbol Sb?
Antimony
The unlucky Apollo lunar landing that was canceled after an oxygen tank exploded
Apollo 13
When a superior planet is at quadrature in reference to the Earth what is its elongation in degrees?
90o
MATH Short Answer Giving your answer in terms of π and in inches, what is the arc-length of a semi-circle whose diameter is 18 inches?
9pi
BIOLOGY Short Answer How many embryonic seed leaves does a bean seedling have?
2
Rad
A measure of radiation received by a material (radiation absorbed dose)
Continents were once joined together in a super-continent called Pangaea and have since drifted apart.
Continental Drift
Mars & Jupiter
Most asteroids are found between which planets
location beneath Earth's surface where an earthquake begins
Focus
bend in layers of rock
Fold
momentum = mass X velocity. (p = mv)
Formula for momentum (p)
Device that first proved that Earth rotates on its axis
Foucault Pendulum
Jean-Baptiste Biot
French physicist who studied the polarization of light (1774-1862)
PHYSICS Short Answer What property of a sound wave most directly determines the pitch of a violin's note?
Frequency
Telescope that weighs about 11 tons has a primary mirror 7.9 feet in diameter, and orbits about 380 miles above the earth?
Hubble
What is the general name for a hypothetical gas that obeys Boyles's law at all temperatures and pressures?
IDEAL GAS (ACCEPT: IDEAL)
Why wasn't the theory of Continental Drift accepted at the time?
It couldn't explain the mechanism of how the continents moved.
Day of the year on which the summer solstice usually occurs
June 21
The largest circular storm in our solar system is on the surface of which planet?
Jupiter
Which planet has a mass that is greater than all the combined masses of all the other planets put together
Jupiter
Which planet has the highest escape velocity
Jupiter
Troposphere
Lowest layer of atmosphere - most clouds and weather found here (~7 mi thick)
The constellation in which Vega can be found
Lyra
Another name for the Pleiades
M45 or The Seven Sisters or The False Dipper
Name for the celestial body of interstellar gas and dust where stars are sometimes born
Nebula
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What planet is the most distant gas giant from the sun?
Neptune
During the period between 1979 and 1998 the farthest planet from the sun
Neptune
A solar eclipse can only occur at this phase of the moon
New Moon
What are the results of seafloor spreading?
New ocean crust forms at a fissure and old crust pushed away.
Lead and tin
Solder is melted to join metals, solder is an alloy of what 2 elements?
CHEMISTRY Short Answer What scientific principle BEST describes why fresh pickles soaked in brine shrivel up after a period of time?
Osmosis
Limestone
Out of which rock is marble created netamorphically
longitudinal waves similar to sound waves
P waves
What is the name for the straight-chain alkane containing 5 carbons?
PENTANE
4600 million
Some scientists believe the earth is how many millions of years old?
Obliquity
The angle between a body's equatorial plane and orbital plane
Parallax
The apparent change in position of two objects viewed from different locations.
Ablation
The erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers
The only planet in the solar system has a day which lasts longer than its year
Venus
The only planet to rotate from East to West
Venus
The only two moonless planets
Venus and Mercury
What is NOT a superior planet
Venus or Mercury
Trilobites
Very successful anthropods that dominated marine life in the paleozoic era
What processes in the rock cycle form sedimentary rocks?
Weathering Deposition of Sediments Cementation
Subduction Zones, Rifting and Sea Floor Spreading, Hot Spots
What 3 ways can volcanoes form?
Earthquakes are caused when stress builds when rocks along 2 sides of a fault snag and lock
What causes earthquakes?
France
What country generated the largest percentage of its electricity from nuclear energy in 2011?
Black Holes
What did the Hubble Space craft find are probably common to the centers of all galaxies?
Trees
What do swamps have that marshes do not?
faults and folds
What does stress on rocks cause?
Interference
What happens when waves overlap each other
Batholith
What igneous formation is usually seen in the core of folded mountains
Edge of the Pacific Plate where most of the world's volcanoes are found
What is the "Ring of Fire?"
Light rock rich in silicate
What is the crust made up of?
White dwarf
What kind of star is found inside a planetary nebula?
Yellow Dwarf
What kind of star is our sun
Crescent
What phase of the moon comes after the invisible new moon phase?
subduction
What plate motion occurs along the "Ring of Fire?"
-40
What temperature is the same in both Celsius and Fahrenheit?
lava plateaus
What type of non-volcanic igneous features are extrusive?
sills, dikes, batholiths, volcanic necks or plugs
What type of non-volcanic igneous features are intrusive?
Terminal moraine
What's the pile of debris at the toe of a glacier called?
nebula
a cloud of gas and dust
barometer
a device used to measure the pressure of the atmosphere
hertzsprung-russell
a diagram that shows the relationship between the surface temperature and color of stars
supercluster
a group of clusters
castillo
a moon of jupiter covered in huge craters and dirty ice
europa
a moon of jupiter covered in ice and water
io
a moon of jupiter that has the first known active volcanoes outside of earth
ganymede
a moon of jupiter that is the largest moon in our solar system
mars
a planet that experiences earthlike seasons but has less than 1% water vapor in the atmosphere
uranus
a ringed planet that has moons named for shakespearian characters
saturn
a ringed planet with 30 moons
An emission or bright line spectrum consists of
a series of bright lines superimposed on a black or continuous background.
According to Kepler's Third Law, plotting the squares of the periods of the planet against the cubes of the semi- major axes of their orbits will result in what sort of graph?
a straight line
Atmospheric pressure of Mars compared to the earth is
about 1/200th of Earth
Percent of stars in the sky that appear to be single stars are actually binary stars
about 50%
layer of softer, weaker rock beneath Earth's lithosphere which can flow slowly
aesthenosphere
The time between two successive meridian transits of the Sun as observed from a stationary spot on the Earth's surface is called
an apparent solar day
The greatest distance of a planet from the sun
aphelion
In which season is the constellation "Pegasus" normally viewed?
autumn
planets
balls of rock, ice, or gas
large type of intrusive igneous rock mass that can form the core of a mountain range
batholith
Where in space is Cassini's division?
between two rings of Saturn
galaxy
big group of stars
pulley
block & tackle is another name for what simple machine
The hydrogen envelope that surrounds the comet's nucleus derives its hydrogen most directly from
breakdown of water by ultraviolet light
depression formed from collapsed volcanoes
caldera
PHYSICS Short Answer What is the most common isotope of carbon?
carbon 12
asteroids
chunks of rock that orbit the sun
simple, small, steep-sided volcano
cinder cone
volcano that forms from explosive eruptions that produce a combination of lava and ash
composite volcano
Which is older-continental crust or oceanic crust?
continental crust
Which is thicker - continental crust or oceanic crust?
continental crust
current caused by the expansion of a liquid, solid or gas as its temperature rises
convection current
What plate motion destroys old ocean floor?
convergent
boundary in which tectonic plates collide
convergent boundary
dense sphere at Earth's center made mostly of iron and nickel
core
A major component of the interstellar media consists of charged particles which have speeds close to that of light that are called
cosmic rays
The moon feature that is named Copernicus
crater
bowl-shaped pit
crater
rocky, outer layer of earth
crust
sun spots
dark spots on the sun caused by disturbances of the sun's magnetic field
Maria on the moon are
darker and smoother parts of the moon's surface
supernova
death of a large star
structure formed when magma hardens in a crack that cuts across rock layers
dike
comet
dirty snowball
boundary in which tectonic plates move away from each other
divergent boundary
meteor
dust particles and rock fragments burning in our atmosphere
What occurs at a transform boundary?
earthquakes
The path in the sky that the sun appears to traverse over the course of a year
ecliptic
The Orion Nebula is a good example of this kind of nebula
emission nebula
The term for the amount of energy released from each square meter of an object's surface each second
energy flux
an igneous rock that forms at Earth's surface
extrusive rock
Brown Dwarfs
failed stars - they lack enough energy to be true stars but are also too massive and hot to be planets.
The name given to very bright meteors or bolides
fireballs
What Sally K. Ride is known for
first woman in space
Light from distant galaxies comes mostly from what
high mass stars
region of active magma under a plate
hot spot
2.5 billion years
how long ago did life appear on earth?
14 billion years
how long ago was the big bang?
8 mintues
how long does it take sunlight to reach the earth
3
how many major nuclear power plant disasters have there been
430
how many nuclear power reactors are there globally
All of Saturn's moons are composed predominantly of this substance
ice
In the Australian winter night sky where can the constellation Orion be seen?
in the northern sky
Leo
in what constellation would you find Regulus?
meteor belt
inbetween mars and jupiter's orbits, home to most of our solar system's ______s
an igneous rock that forms underground from hardened magma
intrusive rock
The apparent speed of the Sun along the ecliptic
is constant
magma that has reached the earth's surface
lava
Which part of the mantle is rigid rock?
lithosphere
layer of relatively cool, rigid rock that includes the uppermost part of the mantle as well as Earth's crust
lithosphere
What layers of earth make up the plates?
lithosphere (crust and upper mantle)
melted rock and gas below the earth's surface
magma
a pocket where magma collects
magma chamber
thick layer of hot but solid rock beneath Earth's crust
mantle
supergranule
massive convection cells that are under the surface of the sun
lower portion of Earth's mantle
mesosphere
forms from a previous rock that is changed by heat or pressure
metamorphic rock
The Kappa Cygnids and the Northern Delta Aquarids are names for what phenomena?
meteor showers
A meteor that reaches the surface of the Earth
meteorite
Substance responsible for Neptune's blue-green color
methane gas
cretaceous jurassic triassic
name 3 periods of the Mesozoic Era
water table
name for the boundary b/w zone of aeration and zone of saturation
Where does subduction occur?
ocean trenches
Which is denser-continental crust or oceanic crust?
oceanic crust
About how many light years across is the Milky Way?
one hundred thousand
spiral
one of the four shapes of galaxies - disk shaped
barred-spiral
one of the four shapes of galaxies - elongated nucleus
elliptical
one of the four shapes of galaxies - most common
irregular
one of the four shapes of galaxies - rarest type of galaxy
corona
outer layer of the sun
The part of the Sun that we can see without any instruments
photosphere
vertical channel
pipe
albedo
portion of incoming solar radiation reflected by the earth's surface is called _______________
Exa
prefix for 10¹⁸
Astronomers usually detect the electromagnetic emissions of a single neutron star in this single form
radio waves
pulsar
rapidly rotating neutron star
Pulsars
rapidly spinning neutron stars that give off bursts of radio waves at regular intervals.
solid collection of minerals or mineral materials
rock
What is the electron capacity in each of the 4 sublevels s, p, d, and f, respectively?
s = 2; p = 6; d = 10; f = 14
titan
saturn's largest moon
process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges as older crust moves away
sea-floor spreading
fragments of older rock and fossils, or living things, and minerals
sediment
forms when fragments of rock are compacted and cemented together
sedimentary rock
device that can detect and record seismic waves
seismograph
earth
this planet has an atmosphere made of 3/4 nitrogen and 1/4 hydrogen as well as a small bit of other elements.
neptune
this planet has the 'great dark spot' and experiences no seasons
venus
this planet's atmosphere is made up of almost entirely carbon dioxide and has a surface almost entirely concealed by clouds
boundary in which tectonic plates slide past each other
transform boundary
a long deep depression where old oceanic crusts sinks into the mantle
trench
How many half- moons in a lunar cycle
two
Scientific names for the two regions of a sunspot
umbra and penumbra
cordelia
uranus's moon
an opening on the surface through which magma escapes
vent
mountain that forms when magma reaches the surface
volcanic neck
mountain that forms when magma reaches the surface
volcano
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer Giving your answer as north, south, east, or west, from what general direction does the jet stream flow?
west
blue
what color is ball lightning?
water vapor
what gas makes up more than half the gas that spews from a volcano
composite
what type of volcano is mount saint helens
mid-ocean ridges
where is most of the earth's crust being created
natural gas
which fossil fuel has no odor
Crux
Smallest constellation
The constant that is the average flux of the Sun's energy arriving at the Earth
Solar Constant
Rapidly moving stream of charged particles that is being driven away from the sun
Solar Wind
Fermi
Who built 1st nuclear reactor in 1942
According to standard chemical nomenclature, what is the formula for ammonium sulfate?
(NH4)2SO4
Consider the reaction, N2(gas) + 3H2(gas) 2NH3(gas). If the concentration of ammonia increases from 0.3 molar to 0.9 molar in a 10-minute period, find the average rate of reaction over this time interval. Give your answer to the 2nd decimal place in moles per liter minute:
0.03 (Solution: rate = Δ[NH3]/2Δt = 0.6M/2(10min) = 0.03 mole/L-min)
In a titration experiment, it takes 20.0 milliliters of a 0.05 molar barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, solution to neutralize 40 milliliters of a nitric acid, or HNO3, solution to the equivalence point. Calculate the molarity of HNO3, rounded to the second decimal place:
0.05 (Solution: 0.05 mol Ba(OH)2/L × 0.02L = 0.001 mol Ba(OH)2 × 2 = 0.002 mol; 0.002 mol ÷ 0.04L = 0.05M)
Calculate the one-atmosphere boiling point elevation, in degrees Celsius to the 2nd decimal place, for a solution made by dissolving 1 gram of solute in 0.1 kilograms of water. Assume the formula weight of the solute is 300 and the boiling point depression constant is 2.0ºC per molal..
0.07 (ACCEPT: 0.06) (Solution: moles solute = 1g/300g/mol = 0.003m; m = 0.0033 moles solute /0.1kg = 0.033m; ΔTb = Kb(m) = (2.0ºC/m)(0.033m) = 0.066ºC)
PHYSICS Short Answer How many nanometers are in an angstrom?
0.1
What is the molarity of a sodium hydroxide solution made by dissolving 4 grams NaOH in 250 milliliters of water?
0.4 (Solution: 4.0 g (1 mole / 40 g) = 0.1; 0.1 moles/0.250 L = 0.4 M or moles/L)
CHEMISTRY Short Answer How many unpaired electrons are in a neutral bromine atom?
1
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Rounded to the nearest whole number, how many feet does light travel in one-billionth of one second?
1
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Giving your answer in scientific notation, convert 10 square meters into square millimeters:
1 x 10^7
Consider a hypothetical reaction, A + B C + D. At zero time, the concentration of A = 1 molar, after 30 seconds A = 0.5 molar, and after 50 seconds A = 0.3 molar. Calculate the average rate of disappearance of A over the time interval 30 seconds to 50 seconds, in molarity per second:
1 × 10-2 (ACCEPT: 0.01) (Solution: ave rate = -ΔA/Δt = (0.3 - 0.5M)/(50 - 30s) = 0.010 M/s)
For the following 3 processes, predict whether the change in enthalpy, or ΔSº (read as: delta S naught), is positive or negative, respectively: 1) decomposition of ammonium nitrate 2) sublimation of dry ice 3) condensation of gaseous iodine to liquid iodine
1) +; 2) +; 3) -
Name the LARGEST atom or ion in EACH of the following 3 pairs: 1) an iron 3 plus ion or an iron 2 plus ion 2) an oxygen atom or an oxygen 2 minus ion 3) a gallium 3 plus ion or a gallium atom
1) IRON 2 PLUS ION; 2) OXYGEN 2 MINUS ION; 3) GALLIUM ATOM
What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?
1. Continents seem to fit together like puzzle pieces. 2. Fossil records show similar plant and animal fossils on continents separated by oceans suggesting that continents were once one land mass. 3. Evidence of glaciers suggest that some continents must have been closer to the poles at one time. 4. Similarities in geological formations, like mountain chains, on different continents.
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 300 cubic centimeters at a pressure of 2 atmospheres. Calculate what the pressure would have to be, in atmospheres to the first decimal place, in order for the gas to have a volume of 500 cubic centimeters at constant temperature:
1.2 (Solution: P2 = P1V1/V2 = (2 atm)(300 cm3)/500 cm3 = 1.2 atm)
Consider the following equilibrium reaction, PCl5(gas) ↔ PCl3(gas) + Cl2(gas). If a 2 mole sample of PCl5 dissociates to give 0.2 moles of Cl2 at equilibrium, find the molar amounts, to the 1st decimal place, of PCl5 at equilibrium:
1.8 (Solution: 2 - 0.2 = 1.8)
PHYSICS Short Answer For a perfectly spherical planet of uniform density, the gravitational acceleration at a point half way to the surface from its center will be what fraction of the gravitational acceleration at the surface?
1/2
1.0 gram of an unknown organic molecule is dissolved in 50.0 grams of benzene. Determine the molecular mass of the unknown if this solution freezes at 4.5ºC. Assume the freezing point constant of benzene is 5.0ºC per molal, and the freezing point of benzene is 5.5ºC. Give your answer to the nearest whole number in grams per mole.
100 (Solution: ΔTf = 5.5º - 4.5º = 1.0ºC; m = ΔTf/ Kf = 1.0º/5.0º = 0.2m or 0.2mol/kg; (1.0g unkn/0.05 kg benz)(1kg benz/0.2 mol unkn) = 100 g/mol)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Convert 1 cubic decimeter into cubic centimeters:
1000
The sunspot cycle is this many years
11 years
A sample of oxygen gas is collected over water at 14ºC. Knowing that the vapor pressure of water at 14ºC is 1.6 kilopascals, and that the pressure of the resultant mixture is 120 kilopascals, find the pressure, to the first decimal place, exerted by the dry oxygen alone:
118.4 (Solution: Pdry = Pt - Pwv = 120 kPa - 1.6 kPa = 118.4 kPa)
What is the pH of a 1 molar NaOH solution at 25ºC?
14
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Find the mass of 1 mole of cuprous oxide, or Cu2O. Assume the atomic mass of copper is 64 and oxygen is 16.
144
Find the mass of 1 mole of cuprous oxide, or Cu2O. Assume the atomic mass of copper is 64 and oxygen is 16.
144
COMPUTER SCIENCE Short Answer The decimal number 15 is equivalent to what octal number?
17
MATH Short Answer The average of -40, 36, 5, 0, 10 and x is 5. What is the value of x?
19
The year that Neil Armstrong made his historic walk on the Moon
1969
CHEMISTRY Short Answer In general, metals are relatively hard except for what group of metals in the Periodic Table?
1A
Give the electronic configuration for sulfur, located in Period 3 and Group 16 of the Periodic Table:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 (ACCEPT: [Ne] 3s2 3p4)
John Glenn
1st American to orbit the earth (aboard Friendship 7)
Laila (1957 - Sputnik 2)
1st dog in space
Columbia
1st space shuttle to orbit earth
Luna 9 (Luna 2 touched)
1st spacecraft to lperform a controlled, soft landing on the moon
Valentina Tereshkova (1963)
1st woman in space?
PHYSICS Short Answer If the speed of a charged particle is doubled while it is moving in a circular orbit in a uniform magnetic field, by what multiple will the orbital radius increase?
2
What is the overall reaction order for the following rate law: rate = k[NH4+][NO2-] (read as: k times the concentration of NH4+ times the concentration of NO2-)
2 (ACCEPT: 2nd ORDER) (Solution: exponents 1 + 1 = 2)
Bipolar & Field-Effect
2 basic types of transistors
One kilogram is nearly equivalent to how many pounds?
2 lbs 3 oz
Isotone
2 nuclei with the same # of neutrons but a different number of protons
1. Boiling 2. Pressurized
2 types of nuclear reactors in the US - what types of water do they use
You need to prepare 500 milliliters of a 0.100 molar NaOH solution from a 0.250 molar solution. What volume, in milliliters, of the 0.250 molar solution must be diluted to 500 milliliters?
200 (Solution: M1V1 = M2V2; (0.250M)(x) = (0.100M)(500ml), x = 200 ml)
A typical galaxy such as our Milky Way galaxy contains how many billion stars
200 billion
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Element number 19 has an isotope named potassium-40. How many neutrons does this isotope contain?
21
COMPUTER SCIENCE Short Answer The binary number 10101 (read as: one, zero, one, zero, one) is equivalent to what decimal number?
21
Knowing that the chemical name for gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, gypsum is what percent water by weight? Assume the atomic masses of calcium = 40; sulfur = 32 and oxygen = 16.
21 (Solution: CaSO4•2H2O)
Giving your answer to the first decimal place and in liters, one mole of gas at 1.00 atmosphere pressure and a temperature of 273.15 kelvin occupies what volume?
22.4
How many grams of KCl, with a molar mass of 75, are needed to make 1 liter of a 3 molar solution?
225 (Solution: 1 L × (3.0 mol/L)(75 g/mol) = 225 g)
MATH Short Answer What is the perimeter of a right triangle whose leg lengths are 6 and 8 and whose hypotenuse is 10?
24
In the electrolysis of water, if a very small amount of sodium sulfate is added to the water, give the equation for the half reaction that occurs at the ANODE. Make sure to indicate proper charges and the state of each substance, such as solid, liquid, aqueous, or gas:
2H2O(liquid) --> O2(gas) + 4H+(aqueous) + 4e-
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many significant figures are in the number 0.00750?
3
The Lewis dot structure for the N+2 ion would show how many dots?
3
What is the bond order between the 2 carbon atoms in acetylene?
3
1. Sedimentary (sand, shale, pebbles, etc.) Ex: conglomerate & limestone 2. Metamorphic (formed under the earth by heat & pressure) Ex: gneiss & marble 3. Igneous (formed from cooling of magma or lava) Ex: basalt & obsidian
3 main types of rock
What is the bond order for each oxygen-oxygen bond in the ozone or O3 molecule?
3/2 (ACCEPT: 1.5)
Under constant temperatures, a sample of gas at a pressure of 120 kilopascals is allowed to expand from 2 liters to 8 liters. Calculate the new pressure, in kilopascals:
30 (Solution: P1V1 = P2V2; (120 kPa)(2L) = (P2)(8L); = 30 kPa)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer In degrees Celsius to the nearest whole number, what is the normal core body temperature of a human being?
37
How many quantum numbers are required to completely describe a specific electron in a multi-electron atom?
4
What is the temperature of the core?
4300 degrees Celsius
Calculate the enthalpy of vaporization, in kilojoules, of water at 25ºC and 1 atmosphere. Assume the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid water is -286 kilojoules and the standard enthalpy of formation of water gas is -242 kilojoules:
44 (Solution: ΔH°reaction = ΣnpΔHf°(products) - ΣnrΔHf°(reactants) = [-242 - (-286) = +44.0 kJ)
How many milliliters of a 0.250 molar H2SO4 solution will react with 10 milliliters of a 0.250 molar NaOH solution
5 (Solution: NH2SO4 = (2eq/mol)(0.250 mol/L) = 0.5 eq/L; NNaOH = 0.250 eq/L; (NH2SO4)(VH2SO4) = (NnaOH)(VNaOH); (0.5 meq/ml)(x) = (0.25 meq/ml)(10 ml) = 5 ml)
If pure water is at its boiling point at standard pressure, how many additional calories of heat are needed to convert 1 gram of water from the liquid to the vapor state?
540
What is the oxidation number of chromium in the chromate ion, or CrO42-?
6 (ACCEPT: +6) (DO NOT ACCEPT: -6)
A 4.0 gram sample of calcium chloride contains 6.0 × 1022 cations. Giving your answer in scientific notation to the nearest whole number, determine the number of anions in 2 grams of CaCl2. Assume the atomic mass of calcium is 40 and chloride is 35.
6 × 1022 (Solution: (2g CaCl2)(6.0 × 1022 Ca2+/4g CaCl2)(2 Cl-/1 Ca2+) = 6.0 × 1022 Cl-)
In a strong acid-base titration, what is the pH of the solution when the equivalence point is reached?
7
To the nearest whole number, how many grams of Na2SO4, whose formula weight is 142, are needed to prepare a 500 milliliter 0.100 molar solution?
7 (Solution: (0.5L)(0.1 mol/L) = 0.05 mol (142 g/mol) = 7.1 g)
What is the pH of a solution with a pOH of 6.8 at 25ºC?
7.2
BIOLOGY Short Answer How many walking legs are found in arachnids?
8
Consider the following equilibrium reaction, PCl5(gas) ↔ PCl3(gas) + Cl2(gas). If a 1-liter flask contains 0.02 moles of PCl3 and 0.02 moles of Cl2 at equilibrium, how many moles of PCl5 are in the flask. Assume the equilibrium constant is 5 × 10-2.
8 × 10-3 (ACCEPT: 0.008) (Solution: Kc = [PCl3][Cl2]/[PCl5] = (0.02)(0.02)/(0.05) = 0.008 moles)
If the temperature of a star increases from 10000K to 30,000K, by what factor will the rate of energy radiated per second increase?
81
The Mercurian year is equal to this many days
88
Using proper chemical nomenclature, finish balancing the following combustion reaction for the gaseous products of carbon dioxide and water: 2C4H10(gas) + 13O2(gas) --> what?
8CO2 + 10H2O (products in any order)
What is the atomic number for the ground state element with the following electron configuration: 1s22s22p5 (read as: 1, s, 2; 2, s, 2; 2, p, 5)
9
One Jupiter day is equal to what
9 hours 50 minutes
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Express the number 9587.3 in proper scientific notation with the correct amount of significant figures:
9.5873 × 103
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is the declination of the north celestial pole?
90
Name the 2 different bond angles present in a molecule with octahedral geometry, such as in SF6:
90; 180
A proton donor
A Bronsted - Lowry acid is defined as ...
PHYSICS Short Answer In additive color synthesis, what do equal proportions of two primary colors create?
A Secondary Color
Barr body
A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells, representing an inactivated X chromosome.
functional group (ex: carboxyl group)
A substructure that imparts characteristic chemical behaviors to a molecule
kilocalorie (kcal)
A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1°C.
British Thermal Unit
A unit of energy, BTU stands for?
BIOLOGY Short Answer What are the four main human blood types?
A, B, AB, O
How many sites around the world are estimated to be suitable locations for mass production of tidal energy? A. 20 B. 31 C. 38 D. 50
A. 20
A tidal barrage is: A. A dam built across an inlet in the ocean B. An underwater windmill C. A metal net D. None of the above
A. A dam built across an inlet in the ocean
What is the source of most of the electricity that is generated in the United States? A. Burning coal B. Solar panels C. Nuclear power plants D. Windmills
A. Burning coal
What is the main greenhouse gas that has been linked with global warming? A. Carbon dioxide B. mercury C. Nitrogen oxide D. Hydrogen
A. Carbon dioxide
Where is the largest Tidal Energy facility in the world? A. China B. France C. United States of America D. Germanys
A. China
At present, there are only two commercial tidal barrages in operation. Where are they located? A. France and Canada B. United States and Panama C. Italy and the Philippines D. Brazil and Finland
A. France and Canada
At present, which renewable source provides the people of the United States with the most energy? A. Hydropower B. Solar power C. Wind energy D. Geothermal energy
A. Hydropower
Which of the following is an advantage of Geothermal Energy? A. It has very low costs associated with it B. Hazardous gases and minerals that come up from underground don't have to be disposed of C. A geothermal site will never run out of steam D. Geothermal sites are not limited to where they can be built
A. It has very low costs associated with it
Why do people visit the La Rance in France? A. It is one of only a few tidal energy generating plants in the world. B. The La Rance has both a tidal energy plant and a nuclear reactor in one site. C. The Tidal Wall technology was invented here. D. All of the above
A. It is one of only a few tidal energy generating plants in the world.
In which country was the first Geothermal Power station built? A. Italy B. Iceland C. New Zealand D. Indonesia E. The Philippines
A. Italy
What causes waves? A. The wind blowing over the surface of the ocean B. Movement of fish and other animals in the ocean C. Underwater plate tectonics D. All of the above
A. The wind blowing over the surface of the ocean
Which of the following is a disadvantage of Tidal Energy stations: A. They fluctuate with insensity of tide B. They cannot operate when the sun is not shining C. They must be built where major rivers flow into the ocean D. They pollute the atmosphere more than fossil fuels do
A. They fluctuate with insensity of tide
What is a disadvantage to installing tidal fences? A. Tidal fences can disrupt the movement of larger ocean animals B. Tidal fences are the most expensive kind of ocean power technology C. Tidal fences have never been used successfully D. All of the above
A. Tidal fences can disrupt the movement of larger ocean animals
In 2008, which country released the greatest amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? A. United States B. Canada C. India D. Russia
A. United States
Which item is NOT related to Tidal Energy? A. Wood B. Water C. Kinetic energy D. Tides
A. Wood
PHYSICS Short Answer What is the scientific term for a change in velocity per unit time?
Acceleration
According to standard chemical nomenclature, what is the formula for aluminum bicarbonate?
Al(HCO3)3
BIOLOGY Short Answer To prepare a tincture of iodine the iodine is mixed in what general type of solvent?
Alcohol
The star nearest to the sun
Alpha Centauri or Proxima Centauri
PHYSICS Short Answer What is the unit for electric current equal to 1 coulomb per second?
Ampere
Cirque
Amphitheater-shaped basin carved into a mountain at the head of a glacier
PHYSICS Short Answer What property of a sound wave is most commonly associated with loudness?
Amplitude
Venus
Aside from the moon, what's typically the brightest object in the night sky
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is another name for minor planets, starlike bodies, or planetoids, the vast majority of which have orbits roughly midway between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars?
Asteroids
Which layer of the mantle has convection currents?
Asthenosphere
Which parts of the mantle have soft moving currents of rock?
Asthenosphere
CHEMISTRY Short Answer In the periodic table, what name is given to the number representing the total of a given element's protons and neutrons?
Atomic Mass
The Persied's Meteor Showers are viewed in the State of Maine during what month?
August
How much money per Kw, do Tidal Energy plants have to spend? A. $2.00 B. 1.8¢ C. $1.50 D. 3¢
B. 1.8¢
How many hydrogen-fueled vehicles currently exist in the United States? A. 25 B. 200 C. 500 D. 800
B. 200
In general, the temperature rises one degree Celsius for every ______ meters into the Earth? A. 250 B. 36 C. 1 D. 1000 E. 50
B. 36
Renewable resources comprise what percentage of the United States' total energy consumption? A. 3% B. 7% C. 16% D. 28%
B. 7%
Who conducted the kite experiment that formed the foundation of our understanding of electricity? A. Isaac Newton B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Edison D. Albert Einstein
B. Benjamin Franklin
Which of the following does Tidal Energy require? A. Wind generated by the sun B. Ebb and flow of tides C. Warm water generated by solar energy D. Water stored behind dams E. None of the above
B. Ebb and flow of tides
What is the layout of an electric distribution system called? A. Pathway B. Grid C. Puzzle D. Trail
B. Grid
What is the largest Tidal Energy facility in the world? A. Bogodona B. Larance C. Three Mile Island D. German Electric
B. Larance
Which of the following is a risk associated with Tidal Energy? A. High Tide B. Too much water could cause the turbines to break down C. Sediment levels can damage the turbines D. Birds can be killed by the turbines
B. Too much water could cause the turbines to break down
In 2006, which country had the highest prices for buying gasoline at the pump? A. United States B. United Kingdom C. Japan D. Australia
B. United Kingdom
Venus & earth
Based on average orbital paths, which two planets come closest to each other
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is the most well-known asterism in Ursa Major?
Big Dipper
Celestial bodies at the center of quasars and which are the main reason for their large energy emissions
Black Holes
In the Doppler effect the correct term for the change in the color of light when an object that is emitting light is moving toward the observer
Blue-Shift
Blackbody
Body that absorbs all radiation and radiates it all away
Sam Langley invented this instrument which allows astronomers to measure the energy output of the Sun and other stars
Bolometer
Antares
Brightest star in the constellation Scorpius
Procyon
Brightest star in the constellation of Canis Minor?
Thomas Young
British physicist who studied light and devised the famous double-slit experiment that showed dual wave - particle nature of light
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Which of the halogens is a liquid at room temperature:
Bromine
How do we learn about Earth's interior if we cannot observe the Earth's interior directly?
By interpreting seismic waves
The Larance Tidal Energy plant makes enough electricity to power how many homes? A. 156,000 B. 1 million C. 250,000 D. 500,000
C. 250,000
What causes tides? A. The gravitational pull of the sun and the moon B. The rotation of the earth C. Both of the above D. None of the above
C. Both of the above
Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source? A. Wind energy B. Solar energy C. Coal D. Tidal energy
C. Coal
Which of the following is not a Biomass Energy? A. Vegetable oil B. Biodiesel C. Coal D. Wood gas
C. Coal
Tidal Energy is caused by what type of energy? A. Heat energy B. Potential energy C. Kinetic energy D. Nuclear energy
C. Kinetic energy
Which energy source makes up the greatest percentage of total energy consumption in the United States? A. Solar power B. Coal C. Petroleum D. Natural gas
C. Petroleum
Which of the following is NOT a technology that can be used to produce tidal energy? A. Tidal barrages B. Tidal fences C. Tidal grids D. Tidal turbines
C. Tidal grids
What is the general name for a substance that facilitates a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy while remaining unaltered?
CATALYST
In the electrolysis of a copper chloride solution, what forms at the cathode and anode, respectively?
CATHODE = COPPER (ACCEPT: Cu); ANODE = CHLORINE (ACCEPT: CHLORINE GAS or Cl2)
What is the most common name for the conformation that the ring structure of cyclohexane adopts to reach a strain-free value?
CHAIR
Give the systematic chemical name for the following ionic compound: Cr2(SeO4)3
CHROMIUM(III) SELENATE
What general type of bonding is found in molecules in which electrons are shared by nuclei?
COVALENT
Of the following 5 alkanes, which one has the LEAST combined strain energy from angle strain and torsional strain: [read slowly] cyclopropane; cyclobutane; cyclopentane; cyclohexane; cyclo-octane
CYCLOHEXANE
Gas that is the main component of the atmosphere of Mars
Carbon Dioxide
Mars has a thin atmosphere composed mainly of what gas
Carbon Dioxide
CHEMISTRY Short Answer In the combustion of methane, if the supply of oxygen is somewhat insufficient, what colorless, odorless and poisonous gas is produced?
Carbon Monoxide
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common biochemical term for the degradative phases of metabolism?
Catabolism
A pulsating variable star whose brightness varies in a very regular time period of about 1-50 days
Cepheid
The biggest known asteroid
Ceres
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Which element has the lowest ionization energy of all stable neutral atoms?
Cesium
(1) simple, small, steep sided (2) explosive eruptions (3) found in California
Characteristics of Cinder Cone Volcanoes
(1) tall, steep, side vents (2) explosive eruptions (3) found in Japan
Characteristics of Composite Volcanoes
high silica/ low water content/ low temperatures/ high viscosity
Characteristics of Explosive eruptions
1. accordion-like motion (up and down) 2. fastest moving waves 3. travel through solids and liquids 4. cause least amount of damage
Characteristics of P waves
low silica/ high water content/ high temperatures/ low viscosity
Characteristics of Quiet eruptions
1. snakelike motion (back and forth) 2. moderate speed 3. travel through solids 4. cause moderate amount of damage
Characteristics of S waves
(1) underwater mountain (volcano) that doesn't reach the surface (2) found in Hawaii
Characteristics of Seamount Volcanoes
(1) broad/ flat, gently sloping cone (2) quiet eruptions (3) found in Hawaii
Characteristics of Shield Volcanoes
O3
Chemical formula for ozone
MATH Short Answer What term BEST describes 2 angles with 90º as the sum of their measurements?
Complementary
Capricorn
Constellation known as the sea goat
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What type of glacier flows outward from a center as opposed to down a mountain valley?
Continental
Author of book titled "Concerning the Revolutions of Celestial Spheres" that marks the birth of modern astronomy
Copernicus
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer Based on compositional boundaries, name the three different layers that make up the structure of the solid portion of the planet Earth?
Core, Mantle, Crust
The thinnest layer of the Sun's atmosphere
Corona
CHEMISTRY Short Answer What general type of bonding is found in molecules in which electrons are shared by nuclei?
Covalent
Heterodyning
Creation of new radio signal frequencies by combining or mixing 2 other frequencies
what are the results of rifting?
Crust thins>Land plates pull apart> Rift valley forms>Sea develops.
The average American uses how many gallons of gasoline every year? A. 50 gallons B. 200 gallons C. 1000 gallons D. 500 gallons
D. 500 gallons
Approximately how much denser is water than air? A. 10 times denser B. 100 times denser C. 400 times denser D. 800 times denser
D. 800 times denser
What is a disadvantage of tidal energy? A. Only a limited number of locations have all the necessary characteristics for efficiently and economically producing tidal energy B. Constructing tidal barrages can have a negative effect on marine ecosystems C. Tidal energy has not been widely utilized in the past D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What is an advantage of tidal energy? A. Tidal energy is reliable B. Tidal energy is plentiful C. Tidal energy does not create air pollution D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What is an argument for using tidal fences instead of tidal barrages? A. Tidal fences are gentler on delicate marine ecosystems B. Tidal fences are cheaper to install than barrages C. Tidal fences are less likely to disrupt tidal levels and affect navigation D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which is a type of energy that is produced by the power of the ocean? A. Tidal energy B. Wave energy C. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following can help decrease the amount of energy that is consumed in homes? A. Using compact fluorescent light bulbs not incandescent light blubs B. Using energy-efficient appliances (washers, refrigerators, etc.) C. Using less water, less hot water, take shorter showers, fix leaky faucets, and lower temperature settings D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a key component of energy sustainability? A. Investing in research and development for advanced energy technologies B. Utilizing efficiency and conservation to ensure that future generations will have the energy resources they need C. Promoting energy independence in the United States D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What is it called when natural gas is burned together with another fuel in order to reduce air pollutants? A. Cleansing B. Dual-compressing C. Cogenerating D. Cofiring
D. Cofiring
How often do turbine blades in a Tidal Energy plant have to be replaced? A. Every 6 months B. Every 5 years C. Every 50 years D. Every 30 years
D. Every 30 years
Today, what country leads the world in successfully harnessing Tidal Energy? A. Germany B. Russia C. U.S. A. D. France
D. France
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Tidal Energy? A. It doesn't require fuel B. The tides have a fairly constant pattern C. The life expectancy is twice as long as fossil fuel plants D. It cleans the air
D. It cleans the air
Which of the following is not an example of tidal energy technology? A. Barrage or Dam B. Tidal Fence C. Tidal Turbine D. Tidal Wall
D. Tidal Wall
What is the unit of power used to measure electricity? A. Byte B. Joule C. Kilometer D. Watt
D. Watt
Which of the following is not an advantage of Wind Energy? A. Wind mill energy does not produce any waste or greenhouse gases B. The land beneath a windmill can be used for farming C. Wind farms can generate tourism D. Wind Energy is reliable
D. Wind Energy is reliable
In "best altitude conditions" what month in the northern hemisphere is the best time to observe the full moon
December
The celestial coordinate analogous to latitude
Declination
What are the results of subduction?
Dense ocean plate sinks under land back into mantle.
Chromatic aberration
Describes the inability of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point
Manometer
Device used to measure gas pressure
PHYSICS Short Answer What is the MOST common term for the behavior of light where it appears to bend around small obstacles or the spreading out of waves as light passes through pinholes or slits?
Diffraction
Ernest rutherford
Discovered atomic nucleus with the Gold Foil Experiment
William Herschel
Discovered the planet Uranus
What plate motion makes new ocean floor?
Divergent
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the anatomical term for the specific section of the small intestine into which the pancreatic duct delivers its digestive enzymes?
Duodenum
Name all of the following 3 molecules that are considered saturated hydrocarbons: ethylene; ethane; cyclohexane
ETHANE; CYCLOHEXANE
What are the 2 alkenes (read as: al-KEENS) with the shortest carbon chains and lowest molecular weights?
ETHYLENE; PROPYLENE (ACCEPT: ETHENE; PROPENE)
Name all of the following 4 processes where latent heat is absorbed: evaporation; condensation; water melts; water freezes
EVAPORATION; WATER MELTS
Movement of Earth's lithosphere that occurs when rocks in the lithosphere suddenly shift, releasing stored energy
Earthquake
Common name for the phenomenon which is the result of sunlight reflecting off the Earth and faintly illuminating the darkened portion of the moon
Earthshine
Inverter
Electrical device that converts DC into AC
Semiconductors
Elements with properties between those of a metal and those of a nonmetal sometimes conducting an electric current and sometimes acting like an electrical insulator depending on the conditions and their purity; also called metalloids
location on Earth's surface directly above the focus
Epicenter
Holocene
Epoch that we currently live in?
Jurassic
Era of dinosaurs
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the genus name of the most thoroughly studied bacterium?
Escherichia
Carboxylic
Esters ate derived from what kind of acids?
Germany
European country that has sent the most people into space
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Name all of the following 4 processes where latent heat is absorbed: evaporation; condensation; water melts; water freezes
Evaporation, Water Melts
PHYSICS Short Answer That no two electrons in an atom can have an identical set of quantum numbers is best known as what principle?
Exclusion Principle
Arrange the following 3 choices in order of increasing bond energies: O2; N2; F2
F2; O2; N2
a break in a mass of rock along which movement occurs
Fault
Shattercones
Feature that would suggest a rock had experienced shock metamorphism
8th
From the sun, what number planet is Neptune?
Titan
Furthest celestial body a space probe has landed
What is the name for the most malleable and ductile metal which can be dissolved in aqua regia but is unaffected by air and most other reagents?
GOLD
Arrange the following 4 metals in order of increasing reactivity in dilute HCl: zinc; aluminum; gold; calcium
GOLD; ZINC; ALUMINUM; CALCIUM
The Magellan clouds are actually this type of celestial body
Galaxies
Van der Wall's force
General term for weak attractive intermolecular forces
True north
Geographic meridian plane?
study of the planet Earth's composition and structure
Geology
BIOLOGY Short Answer Name all of the following 5 plants that are dicots: wheat; geranium; garlic; bamboo; rose
Geranium, Rose
BIOLOGY Short Answer What eukaryotic cell organelle primarily functions to modify, sort, and package products for exocytosis?
Golgi Apparatus
The first black American astronaut in space
Guion Bluford
According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for hydrogen sulfide?
H2S
CHEMISTRY Short Answer According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for hydrogen sulfide?
H2S
What is the molecular formula for the conjugate acid of the following Brønsted-Lowry base: SO42-
HSO4-
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Arrange the following 4 substances in order of increasing pH: orange juice; human gastric juice; blood; aqueous ammonia
HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE; ORANGE JUICE; BLOOD; AQUEOUS AMMONIA
What is the most common term for the direct addition of water to an alkene (read as: al-KEEN) to make an alcohol?
HYDRATION
When a strip of sodium reacts with dilute HCl, what gas is produced?
HYDROGEN
CHEMISTRY Short Answer What is the general term for a salt of one of the halogens?
Halide
What processes in the rock cycle form metamorphic rocks?
Heat Pressure
What causes convection currents?
Heat from the Earth's interior
The work of this Harvard College Observatory scientist made possible the first accurate determination of extragalactic distances by what is often called Henrietta's Law
Henrietta Leavitt
The first man to classify stars according to their brightness
Hipparchus
8m 30s
How long does it take light from the sun to reach earth
88
How many constellations are there
4 (gravity, electromagnetism, strong force and weak force)
How many fundamental forces of nature ate there?
13
How many moons are known to orbit Neptune
The Hawaiian Islands were formed as seamounts grew over hot spots in the Pacific.
How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?
Constellation that cannot be seen in the summer sky of the northern hemisphere
Orion
ASTRONOMY Short Answer Which of the Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter is the most geologically active object in the entire solar system, commonly referred to as the "pizza moon," and has the longest diameter of 3,630 kilometers?
IO
If the electronegativity difference in the bonding atoms is large, what general type of bond is formed?
IONIC
Short Answer Give the chemical name for the compound formed when pure iron and pure sulfur are mixed together and heated:
IRON SULFIDE (ACCEPT: IRON(II) SULFIDE or FERROUS SULFIDE)
According to general solubility rules, name all of the following 5 substances that are NOT soluble in water: lithium iodide; sodium chloride; iron(II) hydroxide; sodium nitrate; barium sulfate
IRON(II) HYDROXIDE; BARIUM SULFATE
Formed when magma or lava cools and hardens
Igneous rock
Porphyroblasts
In metamorphic rock, the larger crystals set in a finer-grained matrix are called ______________
Absence of an electron
In solid-state physics, what is a hole?
Northwest
In what section of the US is hydropower mostly used
PHYSICS Short Answer What is the BEST term for the tendency of any mass at rest to remain at rest?
Inertia
Frequency
Inverse of a time period
Find the mass percent composition, rounded to the nearest whole number, for each atom in KClO3. Assume the atomic masses of potassium = 39, chlorine = 35, and oxygen = 16
K = 32%; Cl = 29%; O = 39% (Solution: K = 39g/122g × 100% = 32%; Cl = 35/122 × 100% = 29%; O = 48/122 × 100% = 39%)
According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for potassium perchlorate?
KClO4
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the common name for the joint that is formed by the articulation of the tibia, the fibula, and the femur?
Knee
Of the following group of 4 cations, which are the LARGEST and SMALLEST ions, respectively: K+; Na+; Rb+; Li+
LARGEST = Rb+; SMALLEST = Li+ (ACCEPT: RUBIDIUM AND LITHIUM)
BIOLOGY Short Answer What person, in 1676, reported to the Royal Society of London the first known observations of protozoans?
LEEUWENHOEK
GENEAL SCIENCE Short Answer What Greek letter is used to symbolize wavelength?
Lambda
Seamounts
Large volcanoes that rise from the sea floor
Japan
Largest nuclear plant in the world is in which country?
Stratosphere (~7-30 mi above earth)
Layer of atmosphere that contains the ozone layer
BIOLOGY Short Answer The spines of cacti are a modification of what plant structure?
Leaf
Arrange the following 4 bonds in order of decreasing polarity: Br-Br; K-Br; P-Cl; Li-F
Li-F; K-Br; P-Cl; Br-Br
PHYSICS Short Answer Although not known as such at the time, what was the first form of spectacular electric discharge seen by humans?
Lightning
1. Troposphere 2. Stratosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Thermosphere 5. Exosphere 6. Ionosphere
List layers of atmosphere in order beginning with closest to earth
Up, Down, Strange, Charm, Bottom, and Top
List the 6 quarks - from lightest to heaviest
What chemical term is given to the formations that occur in water when a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail organize into spheres that orient the tails within the sphere?
MICELLE
Electricity can be produced using which types of energy? A. Radiant energy B. Mechanical energy C. Chemical energy D. All of the above
MISCELLANEOUS ENERGY (24) Electricity can be produced using which types of energy? A. Radiant energy B. Mechanical energy C. Chemical energy D. All of the above
Name all of the following 3 concentration units that are temperature-dependent: molal (read as: moe-LAHL); molarity; normality
MOLARITY; NORMALITY
What is the composition of the mantle?
Made of heavy rocks that have iron and magnesium
Moon
Major cause of ocean tides on earth
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is the Latin-derived term for the relatively smooth lunar plains that are areas of the Moon that appear dark as viewed from Earth?
Mare
ASTRONOMY Short Answer The Tharsis bulge is the major geological feature of what planet?
Mars
One of the largest volcanos in our solar system is named Olympus Mons and is on
Mars
density
Mass of a substance per unit volume.
What processes in the rock cycle form igneous rocks?
Melting Cooling Solidifying
1. does NOT use seismogram 2. rates earthquakes based on damage to structures
Mercalli scale
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What planet has the greatest variation in temperature over a single one of its planetary days?
Mercury
The smallest planet in our solar system
Mercury
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer In the mks system, what are the 3 fundamental units?
Meters, kilograms, seconds
Where does seafloor spreading occur?
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
underwater mountain chain
Mid-ocean ridge
What are features of the sea floor?
Mid-ocean ridges trenches seamounts
1. uses seismogram 2. measures earthquakes in terms of energy released
Moment Magnitude scale
PHYSICS Short Answer What is the most common term in physics for the product of mass times velocity?
Momentum
Simple harmonic
Movement of a pendulum can be described as ....
Chile earthquake
NASA believes what February 2010 disaster may have knocked the Earth a bit off its axis and shortened the day
What is the chemical formula for the conjugate base of HNO2?
NO2-
Using proper chemical nomenclature, finish balancing the following chemical reaction. Make sure to indicate the state of each substance, such as solid, liquid, aqueous, or gas: 3NaOH(aqueous) + H3PO4(aqueous) --> what?
Na3PO4(aqueous) + 3H2O(liquid) (products in any order)
Hadrosaurus
Name of 1st known dinosaur species found in the US
Cleavage
Natural fracture pattern of a mineral
Helium
Natural gas deposits are the main source of what element?
How is the sea floor recycled?
New ocean floor is created through sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges. Old ocean crust moves away and gets destroyed through subduction at a plate boundary.
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What gas is most directly responsible for the bends or decompression sickness that divers may experience?
Nitrogen
Triton Neptune's moon has an ocean made of
Nitrogen
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer As a percentage by volume in Earth's atmosphere, what are the two most abundant gases in Earth's atmosphere?
Nitrogen and Oxygen
pauli exclusion principle
No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers; thus, a maximum of two electrons can occupy a given orbital
abiotic
Nonliving; specifically, the nonliving components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, humidity, the mineral content of the soil, etc.
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is the proper name of the star that is most commonly noted to have coordinates closest to the north celestial pole?
North Star
Name all of the following 4 species that contain an odd number of electrons: O21-; O22-; SO2; CO
O2 ^1-
In general, metals are relatively hard except for what group of metals in the Periodic Table?
ONE (ACCEPT: GROUP 1A or ALKALI METALS)
Name the elements in the following reaction that have been oxidized and reduced, respectively: Zn(solid) + CuSO4(aqueous) ZnSO4(aqueous) + Cu(solid)
OXIDIZED = Zn (ACCEPT: ZINC); REDUCED = Cu (ACCEPT: COPPER)
CHEMISTRY Short Answer What is the rule that states that main-group elements tend to undergo reactions that leave them with 8 outer-shell electrons?
Octet Rule
Time it takes energy generated in the core of the sun and be radiated
One million years
keratin
One of a group of tough, fibrous proteins formed by certain epidermal tissues and especially abundant in skin, claws, hair, feathers, and hooves.
If the electronegativity difference in the bonding atoms is intermediate in strength, what general type of bond is typically formed?
POLAR COVALENT (DO NOT ACCEPT: COVALENT)
CHEMISTRY Short Answer What are the names for positive and negative ions, respectively?
POSITIVE = CATIONS, NEGATIVE = ANIONS
an ancient supercontinent formed about 300 million years ago which later gave rise to today's continents
Pangaea
Foliation
Parallel alignment of mica in a, metamorphic rock is an example of ____________
Fermions
Particles with a half - integer quantum spin number (-3/2, -1/2, 1/2, 3/2, etc.)
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the biological term most often used for the act of a cell engulfing a particle by extending its pseudopodia (read as: SU-doe-POH-dee-ah) around the particle?
Phagocytosis
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical characteristics of an organism caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?
Phenotype
BIOLOGY Short Answer Name all of the following 3 processes that do NOT occur in E. coli: glycolysis; photosynthesis; glycogenolysis (read as: GLYKO-jen-oh-LY-sis)
Photosynthesis
BIOLOGY Short Answer Using the traditional system of classification, when organisms belong to the same class, name all of the following 4 taxonomic categories to which they must also belong: order; family; phylum; kingdom
Phylum, Kingdom
Niels Bohr
Physicist who arranged electrons in defined shells
Ampere
Physicist who invented the solenoid
Venus
Planet in solar system closest in size to earth
Mercury
Planet with the greatest range of temperatures?
Mercury
Planet with the thinnest atmosphere
Theory that the earth is made up of rigid slabs of rock (the lithosphere) that move
Plate Tectonics
Why do plates move?
Plate movement is caused by convection currents of magma in the aesthenosphere.
Celestial body found after astronomers had searched for an orbital disturbance of the planet Uranus
Pluto
The "planet" that has a moon almost as big as the planet itself
Pluto
What is the heavenly body Charon?
Plutos moon
Apogee
Point in space where something is furthest from the object it orbits
CHEMISTRY Short Answer What is the general term for a bond in which the shared bonding electrons are attracted somewhat more strongly by one atom than the other?
Polar Covalent Bond
Femto
Prefix for 10^-15
Orogeny
Process of mountain building
Term most commonly used to refer to the actual motion that stars have in relation to each other and over many years will lead to changes in the shapes of constellations
Proper Motion
Power
Rate at which work is done
Where in the world does rifting occur?
Red Sea Gulf of Aden East African Rift
BIOLOGY Short Answer Rough endoplasmic reticulum is named rough because it possesses what cellular structures?
Ribosomes
1. uses seismogram 2. measures earthquake by the size of the waves
Richter scale
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Of the following group of 4 cations, which are the LARGEST and SMALLEST ions, respectively: K+; Na+; Rb+; Li+
Rubidium, Lithium
transverse waves
S waves
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the MOST common term for the general type of nourishment characteristic of mushrooms where the organism derives its nutrients by absorbing the biological products of another organism?
SAPROPHYTIC
Tesla
SI unit for magnetic field
Henry
SI unit of inductance
Joule (J)
SI unit of work
How many sigma and pi bonds, respectively, are there in a molecule with the following formula: [read slowly] CH3CHCHCH2CH3
SIGMA 14; PI = 1
According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for the sulfite ion?
SO32- (ACCEPT: SO3-2)
What is the scientific term for the ratio between the density of a given substance to that of water when both are at the same temperature?
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (ACCEPT: RELATIVE DENSITY)
Where in the world is a transform fault boundary located?
San Andreas fault
ASTRONOMY Short Answer As of the summer of 2001, what planet was shown to have the most known moons orbiting it in our solar system?
Saturn
Tribology
Science of friction lubrication & lubricants?
How does the age of sea floor rocks change as you move away from the Mid-ocean ridge?
Sea floor rocks become older as you move away from the Mid-ocean ridge
Transgression
Sea level rise is called _______________
What types of geological events occur at divergent plate boundaries?
Seafloor spreading and rifting
Stalagmites
Speleothems that grow up from the cave floor
Ammonites
Spiral-shaped mollusk fossils living in the late paleozoic and mezozoic eras
Frazil
Spongy ice crystals on rivers
Algology
Study of algae
Baryon
Subatomic particle made of 3 quarks
Mesons
Subatomic particles made of quark-antiquark pairs
Basalt
Surface rock that comprises the majority of the earth's crust in the area beneath the oceans
waves that develop when seismic waves reach Earth's surface
Surface waves
BIOLOGY Short Answer What are the 2 basic categories of lymphocyte cells?
T and B
According to VSEPR bonding theory, what type of geometry does a molecule have when the central atom is surrounded by 4 bonded groups, such as in methane?
TETRAHEDRAL
The constellation in which Aldebaran can be found
Taurus
Resonance
Tendency of a system to oscillate at greater amplitudes at some frequencies than others
Paragon
Term used by jewelers to describe a diamond of art least 100 carats?
Shield
The Hawaiian Islands are an example of what type of volcano?
Earth - like planets
The Kepler Mission i s helping NASA find what?
ASTRONOMY Short Answer The Sagittarius Arm is part of what galaxy?
The Milky Way
volt (1 volt = 1 joule* per coulomb*)
The SI* unit of electrical potential
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What star has the greatest apparent magnitude?
The Sun
Streak
The color of a finely powdered mineral is called?
Bow shock wave
The compressed wave that forms in front of a spacecraft or satellite as it moves rapidly through Earth's atmosphere; more generally, any such wave that forms between an object and a fluid medium.
What is the composition of the core?
The core is made of heavy metals like iron and nickel.
wavelength
The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum
Planet in our solar system with the most circular orbit
Venus
Zeeman effect
The splitting of spectral lines when an external magnetic field is applied
Absolute Zero (0° Kelvin or -273.16° Celsius)
The temperature at which the motion of all atoms and molecules stops and no heat is given off.
Half-life
The time required for one-half of the unstable nuclei in a radioactive substance to decay into a new element
Which moon is the only other body in our solar system besides the Earth that has an atmosphere of mostly nitrogen
Titan
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What do the abbreviations TC and TD stand for that are seen on some laboratory pipettes?
To contain and to deliver
A supergiant and a white dwarf
To get a nova, you need a binary star consisting of...
Convection
Transfer of heat from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common scientific term for plant water loss through stomata:
Transpiration
Moon of Neptune that orbits in a retrograde direction
Triton
Convex
Type of lens used in rear view mirrors (for far sightedness
Ohm
Unit of resistance
Volt
Unit that measures electric potential differences
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is typically the largest organelle of a mature plant cell and can comprise up to 80% of the cell's volume?
Vacuole
BIOLOGY Short Answer In humans, backflow of blood from ventricles into atria during contraction is prevented primarily by what structures?
Valves
Doughnut shaped zones of atomic particles consists of electrons and protons captured by the Earth's magnetic field from the solar winds
Van Allen Belts
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What planet is known to be most like Earth in size and density?
Venus
CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice If two solutions that are separated by a semipermeable membrane have the same osmotic pressure, they are said to be: W) isotonic X) hypotonic Y) hypertonic Z) hyperosmotic
W
CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice Which of the following is the term used to describe the resistance to flow of a liquid: W) viscosity X) surface tension Y) maleability Z) vapor pressure
W
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice What scale is used to classify the strength of hurricanes based on its greatest wind speed: W) Saffir-Simpson X) Beaufort Y) Modified Mercalli Z) Fujita
W
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT classified as a low-level cloud: W) altostratus X) nimbostratus Y) stratocumulus Z) stratus
W
PHYSICS Multiple Choice A circuit with 2 different resistors wired in series will have a total resistance that is: W) equal to the sum of the two resistances X) less than either resistance Y) equal to that of the greater resistance Z) equal to that of the lesser resistance
W
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Which of the following is the most common term for the general type of wave that results from the vibration of a physical medium: W) mechanical X) electromagnetic Y) perfect Z) pulsed
W
The electronegativity of oxygen is 3.4 and the electronegativity of calcium is 1.0. Which of the following best describes the formation of the calcium oxide: W) 2 electrons are transferred from calcium to oxygen X) 2 electrons are transferred from oxygen to calcium Y) 2 electrons are shared between calcium and oxygen Z) 1 electron is shared and another is transferred from calcium to oxygen
W) 2 ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM CALCIUM TO OXYGEN
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice A lightning bolt is seen and its accompanying thunder is heard 15 seconds later. This means the storm is most likely how many miles away: W) 3 X) 6 Y) 9 Z) 15
W) 3
Which of the following is NOT true: W) a reaction that requires free energy is spontaneous X) gases, as a group, have higher entropies than liquids Y) standard molar entropies of pure substances are always positive values Z) spontaneous processes involve non-equilibrium conditions
W) A REACTION THAT REQUIRES FREE ENERGY IS SPONTANEOUS
An organic compound with the formula C6H14 is an: W) alkane X) alkene Y) alkyne Z) arene
W) ALKANE (Solution: alkanes = CnH2n+2)
Which of the following is one of the main reasons why oxygenates are used as gasoline additives: W) allow for more complete combustion X) decrease sulfur buildup in engine pistons Y) prevent water condensation in stored fuels Z) corrosion inhibition
W) ALLOW FOR MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION
Which of the following is a weak electrolyte: W) ammonia X) dilute sulfuric acid Y) 1 molar sodium chloride Z) dilute perchloric acid
W) AMMONIA
An aqueous solution in which the concentration of OH- ions is greater than that of H+ ions is: W) basic X) acidic Y) neutral Z) in equilibrium
W) BASIC
Which of the following is a substance whose molecular and empirical formulas are NOT the same: W) benzene X) water Y) ammonia Z) sulfur dioxide
W) BENZENE
Which of the following is a molecule having a nonpolar covalent bond: W) bromine gas X) hydrogen fluoride Y) water Z) hydrogen bromide
W) BROMINE GAS
PHYSICS Multiple Choice A constant force acting on a body experiencing no change in its environment will give the body: W) constant acceleration X) constant speed Y) constant velocity Z) zero acceleration
W) Constant Acceleration
The conversion of solid CaSO4 into solid CaO and SO2 gas is an example of what class of chemical reaction: W) decomposition X) hydrolysis Y) combustion Z) single replacement
W) DECOMPOSITION
Which of the following is NOT true about aqueous solutions: W) diluting a buffer with water can change the pH of the water X) metal cations can act as weak acids in water solutions Y) an acid whose Ka = 6 × 10-10 is weaker than an acid whose Ka = 5.8 × 10-4 Z) an acid whose pKa is 3.0 is stronger than an acid whose pKa is 7.0
W) DILUTING A BUFFER WITH WATER CAN CHANGE THE PH OF THE WATER
Which of the following substances is water soluble: W) ethanol X) dichloro-methane Y) chloroform Z) benzene
W) ETHANOL
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Human epidermis is mostly composed of which of the following basic animal tissues types: W) epithelial X) connective Y) nervous Z) muscle
W) Epithelial
The molal (read as: moe-lahl) is a concentration unit that is most appropriately used in experimental designs that determine: W) freezing point depression X) osmotic pressure Y) density Z) vapor pressure lowering
W) FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION
Which of the following is a diprotic acid: W) H2C2O4 X) H3PO4 Y) HCl Z) HNO2
W) H2C2O4 (Solution: oxalic acid with 2 acidic H atoms)
Which of the following is considered a weak acid: W) HCO2H X) HClO4 Y) HNO3 Z) HBr
W) HCO2H
Which of the following best describes the catalyst in the destruction of ozone by chlorofluorocarbons: W) homogeneous X) heterogeneous Y) enzymatic Z) autocatalytic
W) HOMOGENEOUS (Solution: all in the same phase, namely gases)
Which of the following is NOT true: W) hydrogen gas found in nature exists as a monatomic molecule X) when 2 oxygen atoms combine to form O2, energy is released Y) when chlorine gains 1 electron, it becomes larger Z) noble gases tend not to bond because of their stable valence configurations
W) HYDROGEN GAS FOUND IN NATURE EXISTS AS A MONATOMIC MOLECULE
Carbon monoxide, or CO, will be adsorbed (read as: ADD-sorbed) onto the surface of which of the following metals the MOST strongly: W) iron X) nickel Y) cobalt Z) gold
W) IRON
Which of the following compounds is most SOLUBLE in water at 10ºC: W) KNO3 X) CaSO4 Y) BaSO4 Z) AgBr
W) KNO3
Which of the following describes the quantum number that indicates the direction in space of the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of an atom: W) magnetic quantum number X) principle quantum number Y) angular momentum quantum number Z) spin quantum number
W) MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER
Which of the following does NOT have the electron configuration of argon: W) O2- X) Cl- Y) S2- Z) K+
W) O2- (Solution: O2- has configuration of neon)
According to VSEPR bonding theory, if one of the bonded atoms in a trigonal bipyramidal molecule is replaced by 2 electron pairs, the molecule will assume what geometric shape, such as in ClF3: W) t-shaped X) see-saw Y) linear Z) bent
W) T-SHAPED
In addition to the "sniff test", which of the following is a standard laboratory test for a sulfide, such as hydrogen sulfide gas: W) the gas passed over a filter paper soaked in colorless lead nitrate turns the paper brown X) when inserted into a flame, a glowing wooden splint bursts into flames Y) a flame test gives off a deep purple color Z) paper chromatography
W) THE GAS PASSED OVER A FILTER PAPER SOAKED IN COLORLESS LEAD NITRATE TURNS THE PAPER BROWN (Solution: H2S(g) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) ) --> 2HNO3 + PbS(s))
CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice An aqueous solution in which the concentration of OH- ions is greater than that of H+ ions is: W) basic X) acidic Y) neutral Z) in equilibrium
W) basic
along plate boundaries
Where do most earthquakes occur?
Sands/shales
Where is most of the oil produced?
Edge of the Pacific Ocean stretching from Alaska to Japan to Indonesia
Where is the "Ring of Fire?"
Kennedy Space Shuttle
Where was the primary landing facility for NASA's space shuttle
Apollo 10
Which Apollo mission flew to the moon and returned without landing on the moon's surface
1st
Which Kepler law says: the orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at 1 of the 2 foci?
Fred Hoyle
Who coined the term "big bang"?
Democritus
Who concluded matter consists of indivisible particle
James Hutton
Who is known as the "father of modern geology?"
Copernicus
Who proposed the Heliocentric theory?
Christa McAuliffe (teacher who died in Challenger disaster)
Who was the 1st civilian in space
Hot spot volcanoes have liquid lava that has low viscosity,high water, and low silicates.
Why are eruptions quiet at hot spot volcanoes?
Earthquakes occur because stress forces have exceeded the strength of a rock.
Why do earthquakes happen?
Rock inside the earth melts forming liquid magma. Magma rises through the crust erupting at the surface. Magma rises because it is less dense than the surrounding rock.
Why do volcanoes erupt?
Pyroclastic
Word used by geologists to describe materials in a fiery cloud (nuee ardente)
Coal
World's most abundant fossil fuel
ASTRONOMY Multiple Choice Refracting telescopes always contain which of the following: W) mirrors X) lenses Y) television systems Z) film
X
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following MOST closely represents the location of the temporal bone in humans: W) above the eye X) cheek or lateral border of the eye Y) back of skull Z) top of skull
X
CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice Which of the following atomic features is the most important in controlling the reactivity of an atom: W) core electrons X) valence-shell electrons Y) protons Z) neutrons
X
COMPUTER SCIENCE Multiple Choice Software that is often distributed free of charge and usually intended for sale after a trial period is called: W) freeware X) shareware Y) open source Z) public-domain
X
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Boundaries that form where lithospheric plates are breaking apart to move away from each other are called: W) transform boundaries X) divergent margin boundaries Y) suture zone boundaries Z) subduction boundaries
X
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice The combination of lingering air and abundance of particulates and other pollutants in the air over cities produces what is commonly known as the: W) urban depletion area X) urban dust dome Y) urban frontal zone Z) urban overcast zone
X
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is considered the principal volcanic gas: W) carbon dioxide X) water vapor Y) sulfur dioxide Z) methane
X
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a fermentation product of yogurt: W) acetaldehyde X) formaldehyde Y) acetic acid Z) lactic acid
X
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following reagents would be labeled as highly flammable because of its low flash point: W) glycerol X) methanol Y) carbon tetrachloride Z) sulfuric acid
X
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Which of the following is LEAST accurate: W) alpha particles are the same as helium nuclei X) polarization of light supports the particle behavior of light Y) a photon is a particle of light Z) light slows down when it moves from a vacuum into glass
X
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Which of the following is the most dense at standard temperature and pressure: W) 10 kilograms of pure water X) 10 kilograms of tungsten Y) 2 kilograms of silver Z) 1 kilogram of mercury
X
Which of the following is closest to the pKa of an acid whose Ka = 5.0 × 10-4: W) 2.3 X) 3.3 Y) 4.0 Z) 5.0
X) 3.3 (Solution: pKa = -log10Ka = 3.3)
Hydrogen gas effuses through a pinhole opening from one compartment to another about how many times as fast as nitrogen gas: W) 2.4-times X) 3.7-times Y) 5.3-times Z) 8.2-times
X) 3.7-TIMES
The molar heat of vaporization for water at its boiling point and in kilojoules per mole is: W) 6.01 X) 40.7 Y) 540 Z) 2,260
X) 40.7
Group 1 cations and group 7 anions combine to form: W) metal alloys X) alkali halides Y) alkaloids Z) organometallic compounds
X) ALKALI HALIDES
Which of the following is an element that is very important to human life, is contained in vitamin B-12, belongs to a group of transition metals, and has magnetic properties like iron: W) selenium X) cobalt Y) zinc Z) manganese
X) COBALT
Which of the following is NOT true of ideal gases: W) 2 or more gases form homogeneous mixtures in all proportions X) collisions between gas particles are both elastic and inelastic Y) they diffuse rapidly Z) they assume the shapes of their containers
X) COLLISIONS BETWEEN GAS PARTICLES ARE BOTH ELASTIC AND INELASTIC
Ca(OH)2, NaOH, and Ba(OH)2, are all: W) weak bases X) completely ionized in water Y) alkali halides Z) standard buffers
X) COMPLETELY IONIZED IN WATER
Which of the following is a molecule with a square pyramidal molecular geometry around its central atom: W) PCl5 X) ClF5 Y) XeF4 Z) SF6
X) ClF5 (Solution: PCl5 = trigonal bipyramidal; XeF4 = square planar; SF6 = octahedral)
Which of the following pure substances has the highest melting point at 1 atmosphere of pressure: W) magnesium oxide X) diamond Y) sodium chloride Z) cesium chloride
X) DIAMOND (Solution: MgO = 2800ºC; diamond = 3550ºC; NaCl = 801ºC; Cs = 645ºC)
A beaker of concentrated aqueous ammonia is placed next to a beaker of concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid at room temperature. After a short while, a white cloud forms between the beakers. This is a demonstration of: W) effusion X) diffusion Y) efflorescence Z) effervescence
X) DIFFUSION
The release of hydrogen gas in the above experiment is called: W) combustion X) effervescence Y) diffusion Z) ebullition
X) EFFERVESCENCE
A Buchner (read as: BYOU-kh-ner) funnel is a piece of laboratory glassware often used in chemistry labs for which of the following procedures: W) combustion X) filtration Y) centrifugation Z) distillation
X) FILTRATION
Which of the following molecules exhibits a dipole moment: W) CH4 X) H2S Y) CO2 Z) SO3
X) H2S
Which of the following is a gas that is tested for by ignition in air on contact with a lighted splint to produce a high-pitched "popping" sound: W) oxygen X) hydrogen Y) helium Z) nitrogen monoxide
X) HYDROGEN
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Mary and Joe are on a merry-go-round. Mary is seated near the center of rotation and Joe is on the outer edge. Which of the following BEST describes their motion: W) Mary has a greater acceleration than Joe X) Joe has a greater acceleration than Mary Y) neither Mary nor Joe are accelerating Z) both Mary and Joe have the same acceleration
X) JOE HAS A GREATER ACCELERATION THAN MARY
Which of the following are the units of the rate constant for a 2nd order reaction given that concentration is measured in molarity and time in seconds: W) M-2s-1 X) M-1s-1 Y) Ms-1 Z) M-2minutes-1
X) M-1s-1 (Solution: units relationship is M1-order × time-1)
Which of the following substances has the greatest density: W) hexane X) methylene chloride Y) diethyl ether Z) ethyl acetate
X) METHYLENE CHLORIDE (Solution: halogenated solvents possess a higher density than non-halogenated ones)
Which of the following molecules has a double covalent bond: W) hydrogen X) oxygen Y) nitrogen Z) methane
X) OXYGEN
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice The overall charge at the top and bottom, respectively, of a towering cumulonimbus cloud during a thunderstorm is: W) positive, positive X) positive, negative Y) negative, positive Z) negative, negative
X) Positive, Negative
The reaction Fe3O4 + 4H2 3Fe + 4H2O, is an example of what class of chemical reaction: W) decomposition X) single replacement Y) combustion Z) combination
X) SINGLE REPLACEMENT
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the suffix 'lith': W) outside X) stone Y) side Z) surface
X) Stone
Which of the following is a substance that is very reactive with the oxygen in air and must be stored under water or some other substance to keep it from becoming incendiary: W) fullerene X) white phosphorous Y) calcium fluoride Z) calcium oxide
X) WHITE PHOSPHOROUS
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice If a plant had a taproot, it would also most likely have: W) parallel leaf venation X) two cotyledons in its seedling stage Y) diffusely arranged vascular bundles in its stem Z) no stomata on the upper surfaces of its leaves
X) two cotyledons in its seedling stage
ASTRONOMY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true: W) most of the meteorites that have been found have a high iron content X) a bolometer is used to measure the energy output of the Sun Y) the celestial coordinate analogous to latitude is called ascension Z) sunlight reflecting off the Earth is called Earthshine
Y
ASTRONOMY Multiple Choice Which of the following is the BEST description of our Sun: W) a cool large star similar to Proxima Centauri X) a small-sized star about 6 billion years old Y) a mid-sized yellow dwarf star Z) a large-sized red giant about 4.7 billion years old
Y
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Mendel succeeded in forming the basis of modern hereditary theory in part because of his training: W) as a printer of rare and scientific documents X) in calligraphy of scientific manuscripts for the Royal Austrian Science Society Y) in probability and mathematics Z) as a scientific apostolic nuncio
Y
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Which of the following occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis: W) spindle apparatus attaches to kinetochores X) nuclear membrane is not visible Y) crossing over Z) chromosomes line up at central area of cell
Y
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Calcite belongs to which of the following mineral groups: W) oxide X) sulfate Y) carbonate Z) calcium silicate
Y
PHYSICS Multiple Choice. The amplitude of a sound wave most closely relates to its: W) frequency X) wavelength Y) loudness Z) overtones
Y
Which of the following is the atomic sublevel with the next highest energy after the 4p sublevel: W) 4d X) 4f Y) 5s Z) 5p
Y) 5s
The reaction CuCl2 + Na2S CuS + 2NaCl2, is an example of what class of chemical reaction: W) synthesis X) single replacement Y) double replacement Z) decomposition
Y) DOUBLE REPLACEMENT
Which of the following is the theoretical end of a titration: W) end point X) indicator point Y) equivalence point Z) standardization point
Y) EQUIVALENCE POINT (Solution: end point is the observed end of a titration)
Which of the following gases will have the LOWEST freezing point: W) hydrogen X) water Y) helium Z) carbon dioxide
Y) HELIUM
Which of the following is a metallic element, composes about 5% of the Earth's crust, oxidizes very easily, and when pure is a dark, silver-grey metal: W) cobalt X) nickel Y) iron Z) titanium
Y) IRON
CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice Which of the following is a metallic element, composes about 5% of the Earth's crust, oxidizes very easily, and when pure is a dark, silver-grey metal: W) cobalt X) nickel Y) iron Z) titanium
Y) Iron
A molecular solid will most typically have which of the following melting points: W) very high X) high to very high Y) low Z) variable
Y) LOW
Which of the following is NOT true: W) any foreign substance added to water will cause a freezing point drop X) a nonvolatile solute raises the boiling point of a solvent Y) methane has a higher boiling point than ethane Z) freezing point depression is a colligative property
Y) METHANE HAS A HIGHER BOILING POINT THAN ETHANE
Which of the following is NOT generally true of reaction equilibria: W) if the temperature of an exothermic reaction is raised, the equilibrium shifts to the left X) the equilibrium constants for forward and reverse reactions are the reciprocals of each other Y) pure liquids appear in the equilibrium expression but pure solids do not Z) an equilibrium constant greater than 1 means that the reaction favors products at equilibrium
Y) PURE LIQUIDS APPEAR IN THE EQUILIBRIUM EXPRESSION BUT PURE SOLIDS DO NOT (Solution: pure solids and liquids do not appear in the equilibrium expression)
Consider the following equilibrium reaction, FeO(solid) + CO(gas) ↔ Fe(solid) + CO2(gas), where ΔH (read as: delta H) equals -10 kilojoules. Which of the following would have a similar effect on the equilibrium position as lowering the temperature: W) adding iron X) increasing pressure Y) removing carbon dioxide Z) removing carbon monoxide
Y) REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE (Solution: shifts to the right)
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following terms best describes the albedo of a planet: W) electromagnetic energy X) density Y) reflectivity Z) absorption
Y) Reflectivity
According to VSEPR bonding theory, if 2 of the bonded atoms in an octahedral molecule are replaced by 2 electron pairs, the molecule will assume what geometric shape, such as in XeF4: W) linear X) trigonal bipyramidal Y) square planar Z) square pyramidal
Y) SQUARE PLANAR
A sample of gas is heated from 300K to 500K. If the container is sealed and of fixed volume, which of the following will remain constant: W) the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules X) the average speed of the gas molecules Y) the density of the gas Z) the pressure of the gas
Y) THE DENSITY OF THE GAS
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Upon which of the following does the mass of a body MOST directly depend: W) its magnetic properties X) how much volume it has Y) the amount of matter it contains Z) its location
Y) The amount of matter it contains
Which of the following statements is NOT true: W) an ideal gas cannot undergo condensation X) the less mass a particle has, the faster it will effuse Y) when a gas is compressed, its temperature always increases Z) a gas is easier to compress than a liquid
Y) WHEN A GAS IS COMPRESSED, ITS TEMPERATURE ALWAYS INCREASES
A lead chromate solution is typically what color: W) blue X) red Y) yellow Z) green
Y) YELLOW
ASTRONOMY Multiple Choice Which of the following BEST describes the zenith: W) the point in the sky that is at 180 degrees of inclination to the horizon X) 90 degrees opposite to the nadir Y) the opposite position on the ecliptic to an observer Z) the point on the celestial sphere directly overhead of an observer
Z
COMPUTER SCIENCE Multiple Choice The file extension .MID (read as: dot, M, I, D) usually means that the file can be opened by what type of program: W) text editor X) graphics Y) database Z) music
Z
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following locations would you typically expect the average salinity of surface sea water to be the HIGHEST: W) at the mouth of the Mississippi River X) in the waters above the Arctic Circle Y) in the Black Sea Z) in the Dead Sea
Z
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following types of moraines does NOT parallel ice flow: W) medial X) lateral Y) double lateral Z) end
Z
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Martin is swinging a yo-yo in a large room with a circular motion perpendicular to a level floor. If the yo-yo breaks away from its string at the top of the yo-yo's circular path, in what direction will the yo-yo initially move: W) at an angle between horizontal and vertical X) straight up, toward the ceiling Y) straight down, to the floor Z) horizontally, tangent to its original circular path
Z
About how many calories per gram will it take to sublimate water at standard pressure: W) 180 X) 360 Y) 540 Z) 720
Z) 720 (Solution: sublimation is solid vapor; 80 cal + 100 cal + 540 cal = 720 cal)
Charles law is particularly useful in explaining which of the following: W) dry air is more dense than humid air X) CO2 escapes from a bottle of soda when opened Y) the change in enthalpy when nitrogen and oxygen react to form nitrogen dioxide Z) a hot-air balloon rises when the air in the balloon is heated
Z) A HOT-AIR BALLOON RISES WHEN THE AIR IN THE BALLOON IS HEATED (Solution: W = Avogadro's law; X = Henry's law; Y = Hess's law)
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is LEAST accurate about minerals: W) calcite has a hardness of 3 on most of its surfaces but a hardness of 4 along the crystal face perpendicular to its long axis X) the Moh's scale measures the absolute hardness of minerals Y) a mineral's chemical composition largely determines its crystal shape and cleavage pattern Z) a mineral's color is the same as its streak
Z) A mineral's color is the same as its streak
Which of the following molecules is most likely to have a zero dipole moment based on its molecular shape: W) PF3 X) H2O Y) PCl3 Z) BeF2
Z) BeF2
Which of the following is NOT an endothermic process: W) sublimation X) melting Y) vaporization Z) condensation
Z) CONDENSATION
When dissociated in water, which of the following acids has its dissociation equilibrium shifted farthest to the right: W) HClO X) HClO2 Y) HClO3 Z) HClO4
Z) HClO4
Which of the following gases has the highest effusion rate through a pinhole opening from one compartment to another and at room temperature: W) argon X) CO2 Y) SO2 Z) helium
Z) HELIUM
An increase in which of the following conditions would NOT lead to an increase in pressure of a gas in a piston: W) increased temperature X) increased number of gas molecules Y) increased average kinetic energy of gas particles Z) increased volume
Z) INCREASED VOLUME
Which of the following is NOT generally true of activation energies in chemical reactions: W) activation energies vary from reaction to reaction X) the Arrhenius equation can be used to determine the activation energy of a reaction Y) the lower the activation energy is, the faster the reaction Z) increasing the temperature of a reaction decreases the activation energy
Z) INCREASING THE TEMPERATURE OF A REACTION DECREASES THE ACTIVATION ENERGY
Which of the following compounds is used as a fuel additive in what is commonly known as "dry-gas" by solubilizing water to reduce its contamination in gasoline: W) isooctane X) glycerol Y) MTBE Z) isopropyl alcohol
Z) ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
Which of the following would be LEAST applicable for determining the end point in a titration experiment: W) pH meter X) phenolphthalein (read as: fee-knoll-THAY-lean) solution Y) potentiometer Z) mass spectrometry
Z) MASS SPECTROMETRY
Which of the following ions does NOT have a noble gas electron configuration in ionic compounds: W) Ca2+ X) F- Y) Al3+ Z) Na-
Z) Na-
L-alanine and D-alanine are BEST classified as what type of isomers: W) cis X) trans Y) structural Z) optical
Z) OPTICAL
Which of the following has a melting point of 185ºC and readily dissolves in water at room temperature, but is NOT an electrolyte: W) NaCl X) decane Y) methane Z) sucrose
Z) SUCROSE
12) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a sedimentary rock: W) slate X) marble Y) basalt Z) sandstone
Z) Sandstone
Which of the following are elements in the Periodic Table whose outer shell electrons are on two principal energy levels: W) alkali metals X) noble gases Y) alkaline Earth metals Z) transition elements
Z) TRANSITION ELEMENTS
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true of what occurs during an equinox: W) equal length of day and night except at the poles X) the Earth is not tilted with respect to the ecliptic Y) the Sun is directly overhead at the equator Z) the Moon is directly overhead at the poles
Z) the Moon is directly overhead at the poles
The point in the sky that is directly overhead
Zenith
The two observables in a binary star system that must be measured to make the total mass determination
separation of the two stars and the stars period of revolution
wide, flat volcano
shield volcano
structure formed when magma hardens in a crack parallel to existing rock layers
sill
Rounded off to the nearest trillion how many miles in a light year?
six
Reason the Schmidt telescope was specially built
sky camera
catalyst
something that triggers or increases the rate of a chemical reaction
The Andromeda Galaxy is this type of galaxy
spiral
Most common type of meterorite to fall to Earth in recorded history
stony
force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions
stress
process by which oceanic crust sinks into the mantle
subduction
What types of geological events occur at convergent plate boundaries?
subduction and mountain building
When the earth is farthest from the sun it is this season in the Northern Hemisphere
summer
The 29 ½ days it takes the Moon to complete an orbit around the Earth is called a
synodic month
The Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram of stars DIRECTLY compares these TWO of the properties of stars
temperature and luminosity
27,000,000 degrees
temperature of the core of the sun
Heliocentric means around what?
the Sun
sagittarius
the archer (zodiac)
radiative zone
the area between the sun's core and the convective zone
convective zone
the area where convection cells (aka supergranules) are located
tarus
the bull (zodiac)
Which layer of the earth is the hottest, under the most pressure, and the most dense-the crust, the mantle, or the core?
the core
cancer
the crab (zodiac)
mercury
the craters on this planet were named after famous creative people
neptune
the farthest official planet from the sun in our solar system
ptolemy
the father of astronomy
What is the Vostok 1?
the first manned spacecraft
pisces
the fishes (zodiac)
venus
the hottest planet in our solar system
leo
the lion (zodiac)
mercury
the planet closest to our sun
waxing
the process of earth's moon going from a new moon to a full moon
waning
the process of the earth's moon going from a full moon to a new moon
aries
the ram (zodiac)
libra
the scales (zodiac
scorpius
the scorpion (zodiac)
capricornus
the sea-goat (zodiac)
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is the most common term for the celestial phenomenon that causes a comet's tail in our solar system to point away from the Sun?
the solar wind
earth
the third planet from our sun
gemini
the twins (zodiac)
virgo
the virgin (zodiac)
photosphere
the visible surface of the sun
aquarius
the water-carrier (zodiac)
At a location half-way from the Equator to the North Pole what correctly describes the stars apparent motion?
they rise and set at an angle to the horizon
mercury
this is a rocky planet with almost no atmosphere, a silicate mantle, and an iron core.
triton
this is the largest of neptune's moons and has the lowest temperature in the solar system
jupiter
this planet has a core twice the size of earth
mars
this planet has a lot of iron oxide, causing its vibrant color