Patho Exam 4- ch 19.3-19.5

Check all the hormones that have an anabolic effect on protein metabolism

-growth hormone -thyroxine -insulin

Check all of the hormones that will stimulate the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue during fasting, growth, or stress.

-growth hormone -cortisol -thyroxine -catecholamines

Growth hormones release is stimulated by ____.

-increased plasma amino acids -decreased plasma glucose -increase plasma GHRH -fasting

According to the graph, how long does it take for blood glucose levels to return to homeostatic levels with a normal insulin response?

3.5 hours

How much of the blood glucose does the brain use when a person is at rest?

60%

During times of fasting, glucose levels are maintained in part by the hydrolysis of stored glycogen by the liver due to the presence of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase

<-- answer

Glucagon stimulates, and insulin suppresses the hydrolysis of glycogen, the process known as glycogenolysis

<-- answer

On the other hand, skeletal muscle can only use the stored glycogen for itself because it lacks this enzyme.

<-- answer

What is the body's normal response when carbohydrates are ingested?

Both blood glucose levels increase and insulin release is stimulated

Increasing circulating substrates for increasing energy availability

Catecholamines

What does decreasing the size of adipocytes do?

Decrease insulin resistance

Stimulates the synthesis of enzymes in the liver that promote gluconeogenesis; promote protein synthesis in the liver and protein breakdown in the muscle.

Glucocorticoids

How does the graph show that the normal negative feedback control is NOT occurring in untreated Type II diabetes mellitus?

Glucose levels do not decrease to normal levels because cells do not respond to insulin

Glucagon is an antagonist of insulin. What would be glucagon's affect on blood glucose levels?

It would increase blood glucose levels

What may cause gestational diabetes?

Placental hormones that impair the action of insulin

Looking at figure 19.12 of the text, which group releases the most amount of insulin during the glucose tolerance test?

Prediabetic

Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis during periods of fasting.

True

Looking at Figure 19.12 of the text, when does the less severe type 2 diabetic have its spike of insulin release?

Two hours after glucose ingestion

Elevated concentrations of glucagon would result in ____?

decreased glycogen synthesis

During the hours between meals, insulin secretion increases.

false

Glucagon secretion during post-absorptive state helps keep blood glucose levels from elevating.

false

Growth hormone secretion declines after puberty and remains low, except under conditions of stress or fasting.

false

In the hours following a meal, glucagon release causes the secretion of glucose from the liver.

false

Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules are called ____?

gluconeogenesis

The actions of thyroxine ____ the production of metabolic heat.

increase

A stressful situation would stimulate ____ gluconeogenesis.

increased

The hormone that antagonizes the effect of growth hormones is ____?

insulin

The major hormone promoter of anabolism is ____?

insulin

Lipolysis and gluconeogenesis are stimulated when ____.

insulin is decreasing and glucagon is increasing

How might metformin reduce hepatic secretion of glucose?

it may stimulate glycolysis and may increase hepatic glycogenesis

Type II diabetes mellitus

results from a decrease in the effectiveness of insulin on body tissues

Insufficient levels in childhood impair growth and development of the CNS

thyroid hormone

Which hormone has no effect on blood glucose levels?

thyroid hormone

Insulin promotes the cellular uptake of plasma glucose during the hours following a meal.

true