Patho PrepU 3

A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for

Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back

The client has been diagnosed with Raynaud disease. Which treatment measure will the nurse teach the client?

The client must protect the entire body from cold, not just the extremities.

The post-operative client has a catheter in his brachial artery for continuous blood pressure monitoring. Which of the following assessments would be a concern for the nurse?

The client states his hand is numb

The 40-year-old nurse is concerned that her job requires her to stand most of the day. Which of the following therapies could be implemented to prevent tissue injury?

Wearing correctly fitted, elastic support stockings

By definition, hypertension is systolic blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher.

140; 90

The nurse is teaching a group about cardiovascular risk factors and complications. Which clients are at risk for developing an aortic dissection? Select all that apply.

A 59-year-old male with a blood pressure of 180/100 A 30-year-old female with Marfan syndrome A client who is 36 weeks pregnant A client who has recently had coronary artery bypass grafting.

The client tells the provider he has lower back pain. Although most abdominal aneurysms are asymptomatic, the provider examines the client for which of the following initial signs of this condition?

A pulsating mass in the abdomen

Which of the following facilitates the clearance of cholesterol from the periphery (including atheromatous plaques) and transports it to the liver where it may be excreted?

HDL

Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for the development of primary hypertension?

African- American Race

Which of the following clients should most likely be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?

An 80-year-old elderly client who has experienced two falls since admission while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom

A postsurgical client reports calf pain combined with the emergence of swelling and redness in the area, which have culminated in a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. What treatment options will be of greatest benefit to this client?

Anticoagulation therapy and elevation of the leg

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a postsurgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The most important intervention for the nurse to implement would be:

Apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities

Which elevated serum marker for systemic inflammation is now considered a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular disease?

C-reactive protein

Which of the following is associated with stasis of blood, increased blood coagulability and vessel wall injury?

Venous thrombosis

A 56-year-old male patient has been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following are the lab results that support this diagnosis?

Cholesterol 250 mg/dL and HDL 32 mg/dL

The health care provider is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis. The most appropriate information to provide would be:

Hypertension

The client has been diagnosed with impaired blood flow in the deep venous channels of her legs. The nurse explains that which of the following is the most common cause of this condition?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Which children may be considered high risk for developing hypertension? Select all that apply.

Diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta as an infant Recent scan showing a pheochromocytoma Takes cyclosporine daily since a kidney transplant

Raynaud disease or phenonemon is a functional disorder caused by intense vasospasm of the arteries and arterioles in which of the following?

Fingers

The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia?

Going for a brisk walk with a friend and talking to him about continuing to exercise regularly

A 50-year-old man is having routine blood work done as part of his yearly physical. The doctor informs him that his good cholesterol is low. To which form of cholesterol is the doctor referring?

HDL

A patient comes to the clinic complaining of anorexia, weight loss, fever, fatigue along with paresthesias, pain, and weakness of the lower extremities. Assessment findings include reddish blue, mottled areas of discoloration to the skin of the lower extremities. Laboratory findings include an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, anemia, and abnormal liver function tests. A diagnosis of necrotizing vasculitis is confirmed through biopsy. The nurse anticipates treatment with which of the following medications?

High-dose corticosteroid therapy and cytotoxic immunosuppressant agents

Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as 20 to 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiologic studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?

Hypercholesterolemia

The nurse is teaching the client with chronic venous insufficiency. Which part of the body is particularly prone to development of stasis dermatitis?

Lower leg

The pediatrician is examining a young client and notes necrotizing damage to the coronary arteries in the child's echocardiogram. The pediatrician suspects the child has which of the following?

Kawasaki disease

The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which of the following lipoproteins is the main carrier of cholesterol?

LDL

Because cholesterol is insoluble in plasma, it is mainly carried by which of the following lipoproteins?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Which of the following are characteristic signs of acute arterial embolism

Pallor, pulselessness, and pain

Which of the following individuals is at greatest risk for developing a venous thrombosis resulting from venous stasis?

Patient on bed rest

The nurse is reviewing the lipid results of four clients. Select the client at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease.

Patient with LDL cholesterol 205 mg/dL, HDL 40 mg/dL, and triglyceride level 150 mg/dL

While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which of the following physiologic processes?

Peripheral vascular resistance

A client has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The nurse is planning care and recognizes that the client is most at risk for:

Pulmonary embolism

A female client tells the health care provider that she has recently been experiencing episodes of changes occuring in the color of her fingertips especially when she experiences cold temperatures. She further states that the tips become pale, turn a bluish color, and then become reddened. The client is most likely experiencing:

Raynaud phenomenon

A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of bilateral cyanosis and pallor of the fingers after being out in the cold weather for 5 minutes. The toes are of normal color. Which of the following is a potential diagnosis for this patient?

Raynaud's disease

A client asks why his blood pressure pills seem to make him go to the bathroom to urinate frequently when they are not water pills (diuretics). Which physiologic process explains the long-term regulation of blood pressure most accurately?

Renal monitoring and adjustment of extracellular fluid volume

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. Which responses is best for the nurse to educate this client about? Select all that apply.

Smoking cessation Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels Weight reduction if overweight

A nurse has worked for 25 years and has recently noticed the development of varicose veins. Which part of the nurse's job is likely most responsible for the development of the varicose veins?

Standing upright for long periods

A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which of the following lab results would the practitioner expect

Triglycerides

Which of the following blood vessel layers is composed primarily of smooth muscle cells?

Tunica Media

Which of the following blood vessel cells form the predominant cellular layer in the tunica media and produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic with at least 50% occlusion. The primary peripheral symptom, due to ischemia, is:

calf pain