Patho Quiz 6 Ch 36, 37, 38, 40, 41

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of a. hypoparathyroidism. b. SIADH. c. diabetes insipidus. d. hyperparathyroidism.

A

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for a. Helicobacter pylori. b. herpes simplex. c. lymphocytes. d. occult blood.

A

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates a. functional bowel obstruction. b. perforated bowel. c. peritonitis. d. mechanical bowel obstruction.

A

An early indicator of colon cancer is a. a change in bowel habits. b. bloody diarrhea. c. rectal pain. d. jaundice.

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from a. blocked cortisol production. b. testosterone-secreting tumor. c. cortisol excess. d. exogenous androgens.

A

Growth hormone-deficient infants would display a. low birth length and weight. b. high birth length and weight. c. normal birth length and weight. d. normal length and low weight.

C

It is true that Graves disease is a. untreatable. b. a secondary endocrine disorder. c. associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors. d. characterized by high serum TSH levels.

C

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes. a. more than 180 b. 130 c. less than 180 d. 70

C

The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called a. glycogenesis. b. glycolysis. c. glycogenolysis. d. gluconeogenesis.

C

The formation of active vitamin D a. occurs in the skin. b. is necessary for normal potassium metabolism. c. is impaired in renal failure. d. is dependent on oral intake of vitamin D.

C

The formation of active vitamin D a. is dependent on oral intake of vitamin D. b. occurs in the skin. c. is impaired in renal failure. d. is necessary for normal potassium metabolism.

C

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is a. lack of exercise and chronic overeating. b. insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. c. pancreatic β-cell destruction. d. impaired glucose transport into cells.

C

What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea? a. Greenish, watery diarrhea b. Periumbilical discomfort c. Blood and mucus in the stools d. Frequent, large-volume diarrhea

C

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to a. remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion. b. prevent mechanical obstruction of the intestine. c. prevent hyperglycemia associated with loss of insulin secretion. d. prevent abdominal distention.

A

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is a. pain control. b. strict dietary avoidance of fats. c. abstinence from alcohol. d. pancreatectomy.

A

It is true that biliary cancer a. are identifiable and treatable when diagnosed early. b. tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously. c. respond well to chemotherapy. d. is most often cured by surgery.

B

Most gallstones are composed of a. bile. b. cholesterol. c. uric acid salts. d. calcium.

B

The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis. a. fibrosis b. hemolysis c. canalicular bilirubin transport d. metabolism

B

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? a. Nausea b. Heartburn c. Diarrhea d. Abdominal cramps

B

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is a. warm, dry skin. b. hyperventilation. c. tremors. d. acetone breath.

C

A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of a. Cushing syndrome. b. Addison disease. c. Graves disease. d. myxedema.

C

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as a. colloidosis. b. cretinism. c. goiter. d. myxedema.

C

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat a. encephalopathy. b. peritonitis. c. cerebral edema. d. varices.

C

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include a. cold intolerance. b. lethargy. c. tremor. d. weight gain.

C

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that a. leads to glycosuria. b. is associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction. c. results from inadequate ADH secretion. d. is characterized by oliguria.

C

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is a. hypernatremia. b. hyperkalemia. c. hyperglycemia. d. hypokalemia.

D

A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to a. hypermagnesemia. b. alkalosis. c. hyperglycemia. d. hypocalcemia.

D

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat a. encephalopathy. b. peritonitis. c. varices. d. cerebral edema.

D

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to a. celiac sprue. b. Crohn disease. c. gallstones. d. diabetes mellitus.

D

Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for a. allergic reaction. b. respiratory depression. c. narcotic dependency. d. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

D

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is a. hyperkalemia. b. hypotension. c. hyperpigmentation. d. hyperglycemia.

D

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is a. decreased osmolality. b. hypovolemia. c. dehydration. d. hyponatremia.

D

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a. hyperbilirubinemia. b. increased blood ammonia levels. c. toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells. d. hyperuricemia.

B

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a. toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells. b. increased blood ammonia levels. c. hyperbilirubinemia. d. hyperuricemia.

B

A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results? a. Amylase b. Alkaline phosphatase c. Lipase d. Glucose

B

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet. a. unrestricted b. low-protein and high-fiber c. high-protein and high-carbohydrate d. high-sodium

B

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism a. are similar to those occurring with hypermagnesemia. b. result from decreased serum ionized calcium. c. are similar to those occurring with hypokalemia. d. result from decreased neuromuscular excitability.

B

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from a. neuronal demyelination. b. decreased myoinositol transport. c. deficient neuronal insulin receptors. d. elevated HbA1c.

B

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures. a. colonoscopy b. gastric bypass c. appendectomy d. intestinal biopsy

B

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis. b. gastric ulcer. c. cardiac angina. d. dysphagia.

B

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from a. blocked cortisol production. b. testosterone-secreting tumor. c. exogenous androgens. d. cortisol excess.

A

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is a. autoimmune hepatitis. b. hepatitis A. c. hepatitis D. d. hepatitis B.

A

In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus. a. 29.1 million b. 7 million c. 366 million d. 176 billion

A

Normal bile is composed of a. water, electrolytes, and organic solutes. b. proteins. c. bile acids. d. phospholipids.

A

What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea? a. Negative stool leukocytes b. Bloody stools c. Intermittent constipation d. Abdominal pain and distention

B

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to a. feces. b. blood or semen. c. contaminated food. d. hepatitis vaccine.

B

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with a. trauma. b. alcoholism. c. stones. d. high cholesterol.

B

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to a. neutralize gastric acid. b. decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion. c. inhibit secretion of pepsinogen. d. increase gastric motility.

B

Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate. a. cure b. mortality c. insurance d. morbidity

B

The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is a. chemical dissolution of stones. b. cholecystectomy. c. antibiotics and anti-inflammatories. d. lithotripsy of stones.

B

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with a. inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of the bowel. b. bloody diarrhea. c. malabsorption of nutrients. d. fistula formation between loops of bowel.

B

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is a. NPH. b. Ultralente. c. regular. d. Semilente.

C

Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by a. osteoclasts. b. reabsorption. c. osteoblasts. d. homeostasis.

C

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with a. megacolon at regions of autonomic denervation. b. deficient production of pancreatic enzymes. c. inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods. d. ulceration of the distal colon and rectum.

C

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones a. occurs in perifollicular C cells. b. is increased by thyrotropin-inhibiting factor. c. is inhibited by iodine deficiency. d. is stimulated by ACTH.

C

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of a. cirrhosis. b. viral hepatitis. c. alcohol-induced injury. d. acetaminophen toxicity.

C

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with a. pheochromocytoma. b. acute cortisol insufficiency. c. hypothyroidism. d. hyperthermia.

C

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of a. glucose. b. proton pump inhibitors. c. anticoagulants. d. octreotide acetate.

D

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is a. experiencing chronic diarrhea. b. taking six to eight tablets of acetaminophen per day. c. routinely drinking alcoholic beverages. d. being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids.

D

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is a. cerebral edema. b. ascites. c. hepatic encephalopathy. d. gastroesophageal varices.

D

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States. a. second b. fourth c. first d. seventh

D

________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver. a. Wilson b. Reye c. Byler d. Kayser-Fleischer

A

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia? a. Nasal regurgitation b. Chest pain during meals c. Coughing when swallowing d. Airway obstruction with swallowing

B

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension. a. primary b. secondary c. pregnancy-induced d. portal

D

Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected a. laxative abuse. b. lactose intolerance. c. giardiasis. d. enterocolitis.

D

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of a. metabolic alkalosis. b. respiratory acidosis. c. metabolic acidosis. d. respiratory alkalosis.

D

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in a. glycogen breakdown within target cells. b. increased active transport of glucose into the cell. c. gluconeogenesis. d. increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.

D

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is a. fecal impaction. b. volvulus. c. intussusception. d. adhesions.

D

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to a. receive lifelong iodine treatment. b. need short-term thyroid replacement therapy. c. need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy. d. achieve full recovery after treatment.

C

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases a. urinary output. b. sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney. c. potassium secretion in the distal tubule of the kidney. d. water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.

D