Pathology 2025

Graves disease is caused by

hyperthyroidism

The increase in the size of the cells of an organ is called:

hypertrophy

Endocarditis is inflammation of the

inner tunic of the heart

These types of bones are found in areas such as the vertebrae and certain bones of the skull and pelvis. They can vary in size and shape.

irregular

Glomerulonephritis affects the capillaries of the

kidneys

Any structural change that occurs in a disease is a

lesion

A condition that is hematopoietic disorder is

leukemia

A marked decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood is referred to as

leukopenia

Melanoma is

malignant epithelium tissue

Adenocarcinoma is

malignant glandular epithelium tissue

A fibrosarcoma is a

malignant tumor of fibrous connective tissue

Inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain is called

meningitis

A malignant tumor of muscle tissue is called a(n)

myosarcoma

The peripheral nervous system is composed of the _______________ of the body through which the brain and spinal cord communicate with various body parts.

nerves

Inflammation of a nerve is known as

neuritis

I have this condition where I have lesions in my long bones. I can't seem to grow new bones and the bone that I do have tends to thicken, can become soft and coarse, and cause me pain and deformity, my disease affects my legs, vertebrae and skull most often. My legs are typically bowed and I cause painful arthritic changes. My disease is also known as Paget's Disease but my medical name is

osteitis deformans

A condition characterized by the softening of a bone is

osteomalacia

Diabetes mellitus is associated with the malfunction of which gland?

pancreas

A sudden attack of inflammation of the pancreas usually associated with severe upper abdominal pain. Symptoms include acute nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating and fever. This condition is commonly caused by gall stones as well as chronic alcohol consumption, trauma, medications, infections. It is treated with supportive measures.

pancreatitis

An increase in blood content above normal in a region of tissue, caused by venous obstruction is called:

passive hyperemia

Inflammation of the lining of the abdomen is called

peritonitis

Acute diffuse inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue describes

phlegmon

This condition affects a part of the body that acts as insulation and protection for the spinal cord. It is usually transmitted when bodily wastes from a person who has the disease contaminate food or water, which is then ingested by the other person. It is caused by a virus. During the 1950's Drs. Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin developed two different types of vaccines. These vaccines "teach" the immune system how to defend itself against exposure to the virus in a killed or weakened form. The vaccines were tested on animals to make sure they were safe and effective before they were used in people. Today this disease has been virtually eradicated in the industrialized world, but remains a problem in one or two developing countries. What is this condition?

poliomyelitis

Conditions to make a body more susceptible to disease without actually causing it are called

predisposing conditions

The prediction of the probable outcome of a disease is called

prognosis

Which of the following may be considered a predisposing factor of disease?

race

This type of arthritis manifests as an inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints .An autoimmune disorder, it occurs when your immune system mistakenly attack's your own body tissues and affects the lining of your joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity. Symptoms of this condition include tender, warm and swollen joints, joint stiffness in the morning and after activity, and fatigue, fever, and weight loss. What type or arthritis is this?

rheumatoid arthritis

The form of anemia that develops as a complication of another disease such a hemorrhage is identified by the term

secondary

The stage of tuberculosis which is contagious is:

secondary

Inflammation of the mouth is called

stomatitis

A number of symptoms taken together which indicates the presence of a particular disease is a

syndrome

A gumma is a lesion of

syphilis

Treponema pallidum is an organism which will cause

syphilis

A benign stalked growth commonly found on mucous membranes is

a polyp

A disease which shows an alternating increase and decrease in the severity of its symptoms is:

a recurrent disease

A pocket of infection characterized as pus contained by a membrane is called a ___.

abscess

A term that represents a common complication of healing is

adhesions

A lesion which is the result of stomach acid eroding the gastric mucosa causing pain and bleeding is ___.

ulcer

Inflammation of the structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder is called:

ureteritis

Which of the following predisposes to thrombosis?

all of these -disease of the blood vessels -sluggish circulation -increased viscosity of the blood

Complete urinary suppression is called

anuria

Chondroma:

benign

A neuroma is a

benign tumor of nervous tissue

The prefix "osteo" means

bone

This is responsible for all basic life systems function including heartbeat, blood pressure and breathing:

brain stem

Phenol is also called:

carbolic acid

Which one of the following is NOT a main part of a woman's uterus?

cardia

I am the tough and flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. I also give shape and support to other parts of your body, such as your ears, nose and windpipe. I allow your bones to freely glide over each other and protect your bones from rubbing against each other. I can cause a lot of pain and limited movement and sometimes a deformity. What is my name?

cartilage

The prefix "cyto" means

cell

Arteriosclerosis involving arteries of the brain may be expected to lead to ___.

cerebrovascular accident

A general term used to designate the state of collapse that follows severe tissue injury is

circulatory shock

Arteriosclerosis is a disease primarily involving the

circulatory system

The name for the chronic end-stage liver disease characterized by necrosis with nodular regeneration is:

cirrhosis

A nevus is:

commonly referred to as a mole

Edema is a likely result of which of these:

congestive heart failure

A twisting segment of intestine is known as

volvulus

A disorder of the pituitary gland characterized by intense thirst and the excretion of large amounts of urine is:

diabetes insipidus

Which of the following diseases would be characterized by glycosuria?

diabetes mellitus

The condition in which the structure and function of the body is altered as a result of injury to the tissue is called:

disease

A technical term used in pathology for pain is

dolor

A circulatory disorder that is often found to occur as an after-effect of a diseased heart valve is

embolism

A foreign object moving within the blood stream is called a(n) ___.

embolism

When a thrombus is released into the blood stream, it is then known as a(n)

embolus

In this condition, characterized by irregular periods and extreme pelvic pain, the lining inside the myometrium of the uterus is found elsewhere in the pelvic or abdominal area ( on fallopian tubes, ovaries, peritoneum, intestines, etc):

endometriosis

Hypertrophy of the prostate indicates that the gland is:

enlarged

A condition caused by electrical signal disturbance in the nerves of the temporal lobe of the brain is known as:

epilepsy

A malignant tumor of the skin could be which one of the following?

epithelioma

The thick liquid that collects around an infection site is called

exudate

The prefix "sarco" means

flesh

Of the following locations, thrombi would likely be found in the

heart

Valvular insufficiency is a commonly found disorder affecting the

heart

The escape of blood from the vascular system is called

hemorrhage

Varicosity of the veins around the rectum is a condition known as

hemorrhoids

A collection of urine in the kidney pelvis is known as

hydronephrosis

This system is comprised of a network of organs, nodes, ducts and vessels that make or move fluid from tissues to the bloodstream .This system also makes up the majority of your immune system including the tonsils, adenoids, spleen and thymus.What might this system be?

Lymphatic System

This disease results from a failure of the adrenal gland to function properly causing bleeding into the gland. Caused by a severe infection with meningococcus bacteria, it moves through the body causing hemorrhage, it is likely fatal.

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

A condition associated with too much growth hormone in the body. Usually results from a benign tumor in the pituitary. It is most often diagnosed in middle aged adults. In children, this manifests as gigantism but this after ossification and growth of tissues. They may experience enlargement and thickening of many of the bones in the skull, hands and feet, resulting in a "lion-faced" appearance .

acromegaly

Two glands that sit one atop each kidney, made up of two parts, the cortex and the medulla. The cortex produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (helps regulate metabolism and stress) and aldosterone (essential for blood pressure control). The medulla, produces nonessential hormones such as adrenaline . Also these glands are called suprarenal glands.

adrenal

The thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries is called

arteriosclerosis

A myoma is

benign tumor of uterine tissue

A 14 years old female present to the Dr's office approximately three days after sustaining a head injury in a soccer game. She has been playing on the competitive (travel) soccer team whose practices include drills on "heading" the ball . During this particular game, she attempted to "head" a rapidly propelled ball after it had been forcefully kicked by another player.However, the ball came in contact with the top of her head instead of the intended location on her forehead. After the impact she immediately felt dazed and confused and "saw stars". She did not lose consciousness but came out of the game and did not return to play. She continued feeling "woozy" after the game while riding home in the back of the family car. Later that evening, she was brought to the local emergency department where they sent her home without an imaging study. For the past 3 days, she has had an occipital headache which is relieved for

concussion

A government official whose job it is to confirm and certify the death of an individual within a jurisdiction; may also conduct an inquest as to identity of the deceased as well as cause and manner of death. In the Middle Ages, this title referred to a "person of the crown".

coroner

A disease characterized by obesity and muscular weakness associated with abnormal function of the adrenal gland is

cushing syndrome

A marked increase in the number of red blood cells is a condition referred to as

erythrocytosis

What leads to jaundice?

excess bilirubin in the blood

Pancarditis is a disease primarily involving the:

heart

The expulsion of blood of a gastric origin from the mouth is

hematemesis

This is a common viral infection, similar to a cold sore or a fever blister, which contains the Herpes Simplex virus. Most "above the waist" cold sores are considered "oral" and transmitted by the __________________ virus.

herpes simplex I (HSV I)

An overactive thyroid; your thyroid makes an excess of thyroid hormone that speeds up bodily functions and increases metabolism. Signs and symptoms begin slowly, but over time may include unexplained weight loss; increased appetite; rapid or irregular heartbeat; nervousness and anxiousness; feeling irritable; trouble sleeping; trembling, increased sweating, feeling hot when others do not, diarrhea and changes in eyes. The most common example of this condition is Grave's Disease.

hyperthyroid

A deficiency in the secretion of the thyroid gland is:

hypothyroidism

The termination of an inflammatory reaction with the return to normal body part would be called

resolution

The prefix "myelo" means

spinal cord

This organ is located just inferior to your rib cage on your left side. It is a soft spongy organ that performs several critical jobs and can easily be damaged. it filters out and destroys old and damaged blood cells, plays a key role in fighting infection by producing lymphocytes and acts as a first line of defense against invading pathogens, and it stores red blood cells and platelets which aid in clotting. When this organ is inflamed or enlarged, the condition is known as:

splenomegaly

The term, "exciting cause of a disease" means the same as ___.

the actual cause of the disease

The terminal disease of humans caused by prions is:

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

The most common form of diabetes accounting for 95% of diabetes cases in adults. It is often called adult-onset diabetes (or non-insulin-dependent) but with the epidemic of obesity and overweight kids, teenagers can come down with this type as well. It is often a milder form with kidney, nerve and eye issues as well . Typically, in this type the pancreas produces insulin but not enough for the body's needs or the body is resistant to it. Obese people are at particularly high risk of developing this type of diabetes. There is no cure, but the condition can be managed with weight and nutrition management, and exercise. Some oral medication might also be used.

Type II

The type of diabetes which is the result of excessive carbohydrate intake and obesity is called:

Type II diabetes

There are __________ bones in the axial skeleton.

80 bones

Which of the following might be a post mortem condition of pneumonia?

All Of These -rapid coagulation of blood -cyanosis -dehydration

Which of the following might be a postmortem condition of cirrhosis?

All of These -jaundice -ascites -edema