pathology quiz 1 & 2

Which gene has been identified as specifically contributing to some types of breast cancer? a) VHL b) BRCA1 c) p53 d) Rb

b) BRCA1

A 58-year-old man with a 700-pack-peryear smoking history presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath and hemoptysis. Portable chest radiography demonstrates a large mass centrally located within the left lung field. The serum calcium is 13.0 mg/dL (normal 8.5 to 10.2). The metabolic abnormality described here is likely due to secretion of which substance? a) Carcinoembryonic antigen b) Parathormone like substance c) Adrenocorticotropic hormone-like substance d) Erythropoietin

b) Parathormone like substance

What is the most common type (E.g., incidence) of cancer in adult males? a) Colon cancer b) Prostate cancer c) Skin cancer d) Bladder cancer

b) Prostate cancer

Proteins that are increased in the bloodstream during acute inflammation are called _____________ proteins a) lymphokine b) acute phase c) antibody d) eosinophil

b) acute phase

The "classical pathway" for activation of the complement cascade requires: a) activated T cells b) antibodies c) exposed foreign surfaces d) macrophages b) antibodies

b) antibodies

A malignant tumor of epithelial origin is a: a) hamartoma b) carcinoma c) teratoma d) sarcoma

b) carcinoma

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is due to a) superficial fungal infection b) contact with skin allergens c) superficial staphylococcal infection d) parasitic infestation of the skin

b) contact with skin allergens

Which of the following clinical findings is most indicative of an acute bacterial infection: a) elevated temperature b) increased neutrophil count c) elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate d) elevated eosinophil count

b) increased neutrophil count

Which term is used to describe the histological characterization of tumor cells? a) Cachexia b) Staging c) Grading d) Angiogenesis

c) Grading

This factor activates the clotting, kinin and fibrinolytic system: a) Anti-Hemophilic Factor VII b) Thrombin Factor II c) Hageman Factor XII d) Fibrinogen Factor I

c) Hageman Factor XII

Which skin disorder is thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction and is characterized by bullous eruptions? a) Lichen planus b) Psoriasis c) Pemphigus vulgaris d) Systemic lupus erythematosus

c) Pemphigus vulgaris

Aplasia is: a) change in type of cells b) increase in cell size c) failure of cell proliferation d) increase in cell numbers

c) failure of cell proliferation

Interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha are inflammatory cytokines: a) neutrophils b) plasma cells c) macrophages d) lymphocytes

c) macrophages

In reperfusion, reactive oxygen species are produced predominantly by: a) lymphocytes b) natural killer cells c) neutrophils d) monocytes

c) neutrophils

Cytology studies are performed on: a) incisional biopsies b) blood c) stool d) scraped epithelial surfaces

d) scraped epithelial surfaces

True/False: Exudate appears due to increased vascular permeability.

True

Gene which protects cells by inhibiting apoptosis due to cytokine or other injury is: a) Bcl-2 b) P53 c) BAK d) none of the above

a) Bcl-2

A 78-year-old Navy veteran with a 600-pack-per-year history of cigarette smoking presents with cancer. During his military career, he was involved in fireproofing naval combat ships with asbestos insulation. Given his environmental exposure to both tobacco and asbestos, to which cancer do both of these carcinogens contribute? a) Bronchogenic cancer b) Gastric cancer c) Bladder cancer d) Cancer of the throat

a) Bronchogenic cance

Which of the following may explain the genetic basis for cancer development? a) Defect in tumor suppressor genes b) Infection by oncogenic bacteria c) Decreased immune function d) Exposure to ionizing radiation

a) Defect in tumor suppressor genes

Mr. Jones was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3 F, skin rash, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of Mr. Jones' disease is: a) Streptococcal infection b) skin rash c) genetic susceptibility d) high temperature

a) Streptococcal infection

Is a Lipoma considered to be malignant or benign? a) Benign b) Malignant

a) benign

Kidney, Heart, and Adrenals show this type of necrosis: a) coagulative b) caseous c) liquefactive d) enzymic

a) coagulative

The most common cause of fatty liver is: a) excessive alcohol consumption b) steroids c) starvation d) CC14

a) excessive alcohol consumption

Necrosis in the Brain is: a) liquefactive b) enzymic c) coagulative d) caseous

a) liquefactive

Which is the most common cause of cancer deaths in women? a) Lung b) Ovary c) Colon d) Breast

a) lung

A small, raised, palpable bump less than 5 mm is a: a) papule b) macule c) pustule d) nodule

a) papule

Which of the following is true? Vitiligo : a) occurs as a result of a genetic lack of melanin production b) is a condition in which there are depigmented patches of skin c) occurs most commonly in light-skinned individuals d) is a warning sign for malignant melanoma

b) is a condition in which there are depigmented patches of skin

The skin cancer considered to be the most malignant is a) squamous cell carcinoma b) melanoma c) basal cell carcinoma d) hyperkeratosis

b) melanoma

All of the following are potentially reversible cellular responses except: a) hypertrophy b) necrosis c) hyperplasia d) atrophy

b) necrosis

At puberty when sebaceous gland secretion increases, hair follicle obstruction and infection may occur, resulting in: a) Bullous pemphigoid b) Psoriasis c) Acne vulgaris d) Eczema

c) Acne vulgaris

Which is the first step regarding metastasis? a) Cancer cells escape the blood vessels b) VEGF is secreted c) Cancer cells penetrate lymphatic vessels d) Cancer cells escape the basement membrane of tissue

d) Cancer cells escape the basement membrane of tissue

Certain strains of this virus cause cancer of the cervix, penis and anus ? a) Parvovirus b) Corona virus c) Rhinovirus d) Human Papilloma Virus

d) Human Papilloma Virus

Which statement is almost always true regarding cancer? a) Metastasis means less differentiated cells b) Benign tumors grow more rapidly than malignant ones c) Anaplasia means more differentiated cells d) The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer

d) The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer

Impetigo is a skin infection caused by a) fungus b) yeast c) parasite d) bacteria

d) bacteria

Irreversible cell death is associated with the massive influx of this chemical into the mitochondria: a) chloride b) oxygen c) potassium d) calcium

d) calcium

Precancerous changes are suggested by: a) aplasia b) hyperplasia c) hypertrophy d) dysplasia

d) dysplasia

A change of cell type and orientation in tissue is known as: a) atrophy b) hypertrophy c) dysplasia d) metaplasia

d) metaplasia

The mononuclear phagocyte system consists of: a) specifically activated lymphocytes b) antibody-secreting plasma cells c) bone marrow stem cells d) monocytes and fixed tissue macrophages

d) monocytes and fixed tissue macrophages

A malignant tumor of connective tissue origin is a: a) hamartoma b) carcinoma c) teratoma d) sarcoma

d) sarcoma

True/False: Most homeostatic mechanisms function via positive feedback loops.

false