pathophysiology Chapter 1

Endemic

A disease that is continuously present in a particular region

Complication

A new disease process arising secondarily to another disease.

Epidemiology is the study of disease expression in individuals

False

Homeostatic control mechanisms function primarily during disease states

False

Illness and disease always coexist

False

Most homeostatic mechanisms function via positive feedback loops

False

The etiology and pathogenesis of most disease states have been well defined by research

False

Values outside the normal ranges for a particular variable are always indicative disease

False

Cortisol is a stress hormone released from the adrenal medulla

False- released by adrenal gland- anterior pituitary

Which of the following assessment findings indicates as alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms?

Fever

After suffering a heart attack, a middle aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol lowering medication. This is an example of

Tertiary prevention

Etiology

The known cause of a disease process.

A change in a physiologic variable is more significant than rheas site values

True

Cortisol decreases the inflammatory response

True

Most of the hormones released with stress serve to increase blood glucose

True

Normal ranges for physiologic parameters are arbitrarily defined based on population sampling.

True

Normalcy is culturally defined

True

Idiopathic

Without known cause

C.Q. Was recently exposed to a group A hemolytic streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinical examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3 fever, skin rash, and reddened mucosa with multiple pustules . He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for streptococcus and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.'s disease is

A streptococcal infection.

Remission

An abatement or decline in disease manifestations

Sub clinical

An absence of clinical manifestations despite the presence of a disease

Latrogenic

An adverse condition occurring as a result of medical intervention

Pandemic

An epidemic that distributes to a large geographic are

Exacerbation

An increase in the severity of disease signs and symptoms

Sequela

Common problems following a disease process.

A 17 year old college bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This an example of

Primary prevention

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This an example of

Secondary prevention

An obese bunt otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of

Secondary prevention

Most homeostatic mechanisms function on a negative feedback principle which facilitates

Steady state stability

Which of the following is a statement about disease pathogenesis

Streptococcal infection activates immune cells, leading to inflammation.