PBH 435 Chapter 2 Drug Use as a Social Problem

Arrange the substances that are responsible for causing US deaths annually. Place the substance that causes the most deaths on top.

Cigarettes Alcohol Psychoactive drugs

Identify the true statement about drug-related crimes.

Crimes may be carried out for the purpose of obtaining money to purchase illicit drugs.

___________ dependence of a user on a drug is indicated by frequent use of the drug, craving for the drug, and a tendency to relapse after quitting its use.

Psychological

______________ dependence on drugs is increasingly accepted as the real driving force behind repeated drug use.

Psychological

Drug use might cause criminal behavior when a person is _________.

Under the influence of a drug.

True or False: All drugs have reinforcing properties.

False

_____________ typically precedes a user's physical dependence on a drug.

Tolerance

In the context of the data gathered by the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) system, rank the top four classes of drugs involved in emergency room visits in decreasing order of the number of cases. Highest at the top.

1. Alcohol-in-combination 2. Cocaine 3. Prescription opiods 4. Marijuana

Identify a example of a withdrawal syndrome.

A heroin user who experience diarrhea when he or she stops using.

Identify an accurate statement about attributing cause of dependence to a substance

A substance itself cannot be seen as the entire cause of a dependence problem

Identify a substance that is most commonly linked with criminal or violent behavior.

Alcohol

The idea that substance dependence is like a disease takes a broad, ______________ perspective that dependence might be related to dysfunctions of biology, personally, social interactions, or a combination of these factors.

Biopsychosocial

The ____________ was set up by the US government in an effort to monitor the toxicity of drugs other than alcohol

Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)

The notion that _________ forms the bases or arguments in favor of passing two laws to regulate drug use and drug users.

Drug use changes a user's personality in a lasting way.

According to early medical models on substance dependence, dependence was characterized by the _______________.

Existence of a withdrawal syndrome due to drug intake

Identify the diseases that are at an increased risk of transmission due to needle-sharing activities of intravenous drug users.

Hepatitis and AIDS

It is likely the relationship between illicit drug use and other forms of deviant behavior is strengthened by the fact that ___________.

Illicit drug use is a crime.

According to the founders of alcoholic anonymous (AA), alcohol dependence ___________.

Needed to be recognized and treated as a primary problem.

_______________ dependence on a drug is defined by the presence of a withdrawal syndrome in the use.

Physical

Match the types of substance dependence with the prevalent medical notions about them in the 1960s.

Psychological dependence: it was all in a user's head physical dependence: it was subject to physiological and biochemical analysis

In psychology, ________ is a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated.

Reinforcement

A ___________ scale measures a person's preference for variety, risk, and various physical sensations

Sensation-seeking

Identify a true statement about the initial experiments carried out in te 1960s on self-administration of morphine on monkeys.

The monkeys were allowed to experience the initial stages of withdrawal in the initial experiments.

Identify a true statement about genetic influence on substance dependence

The specific genes influencing dependence are unknown

The phenomenon, seen with many drugs, in which repeated exposure to the same dose of the drug results in a lesser effect is known as ______.

Tolerance

in the context of effect of drugs, the word _______________ means poisonous, deadly or dangerous

Toxic

In the context of substance dependence being a family disorder, _______________ of family members on the user facilitates further substance use by that user

codependence

A criticism of the research work focused on explaining dependence through dopamine levels is that this model

is too simple