Peds - Ch 25 Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant
When weighing and measuring a child at her 1-year well-baby checkup, the nurse would expect to see that over the previous 6 months a baby who weighed 8 pounds and was 20 inches long at birth would have gained about a) 16 pounds and grown 4-6 inches b) 16 pounds and grown 2-3 inches c) 8 pounds and grown 4-6 inches d) 8 pounds and grown 2-3 inches
8 pounds and grown 4-6 inches
What is the correct amount of urine diapers a mature infant should have each day? a) An infant should have 3 to 5 wet diapers/day. b) An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day. c) An infant should have 1 to 2 wet diapers/day. d) An infant should have 9 to 10 wet diapers/day.
An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day.
The nurse enters her patient's room to find the new mom crying softly. The nurse asks what is wrong. The mom says, "I had my heart set on breast-feeding and now my baby has a cleft lip. My dreams of breast-feeding him are destroyed." What should the nurse tell her patient about breast-feeding an infant with this diagnosis? a) " You can still attempt breast-feeding; let me call a lactation consultant for you." b) "I am so sorry your infant has that problem, maybe next time." c) "I am so sorry, looks like bottle-feeding for you." d) "Sometimes dreams do not come true."
" You can still attempt breast-feeding; let me call a lactation consultant for you."
A teen mom asks the discharge nurse if it is okay to sleep in bed with the baby. She says her mom always did it with her siblings and it seemed okay. The nurse should respond how? a) "Bed sharing has positive effects on babies, let me get you information." b) "Bed sharing is okay, just make sure the infant is between two people." c) "Sure, you can do whatever you want, it is your baby." d) "Sure, you can, make sure you use a soft mattress for support."
"Bed sharing has positive effects on babies, let me get you information."
A mother is discussing her 10-month-old boy with the nurse. Which comment indicates a need for teaching? a) "He loves being in his walker and 'zips' around the house." b) "He gets a few sips of apple juice each day from a regular cup, not a sippy cup." c) "We have safety gates at the top and bottom of our stairs." d) "I wipe my son's teeth every day with a fresh washcloth."
"He loves being in his walker and 'zips' around the house."
The mother of an infant questions the nurse about her baby's teething. The nurse provides client education. Which statement by the mother indicates understanding of the information provided? a) "My baby's first tooth will likely appear between 5 and 6 months." b) "The first teeth that will likely appear are the lower incisors." c) "My baby will most likely have his upper middle teeth come in first." d) "By 1 year my baby should have about three teeth."
"The first teeth that will likely appear are the lower incisors."
Nurse Betty is documenting her postpartum mother and baby. She must document the relationship between the mother and infant. Which observation would demonstrate attachment? a) "The mom is talking to the infant while breast-feeding the infant." b) "The infant remains in the nursery most of the day." c) "The father is always holding the infant." d) "The infant is in the crib every time Betty goes into the room."
"The mom is talking to the infant while breast-feeding the infant."
The mother of 1-week-old boy voices concerns about her baby's weight loss since birth. At birth the baby weighed 7 lb (3.2 kg); the baby currently weighs 6 lb 1 oz (2.8 kg). Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? a) "All babies lose a substantial amount of weight after birth." b) "Your baby has lost a bit more than the normal amount." c) "Your baby has lost too much weight and may need to be hospitalized." d) "Your baby's weight loss is well within the expected range."
"Your baby has lost a bit more than the normal amount."
At birth the newborn's head and chest circumference were measured. The nurse knows that the head should be about: a) ½ inch smaller than the chest b) Equal in size to the chest c) 2 inches larger than the chest d) 1 inch larger than the chest
1 inch larger than the chest
The infant weighs 6 lbs. 8 oz. at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, which of the following would be an expected weight for this child at the age of four months? a) 10 lbs. 8 oz. b) 16 lbs. c) 13 lbs. d) 15 lbs. 4 oz.
13 lbs.
A 6-month-old arrives for a well-baby visit with a case of diaper rash. The baby's mother tells the nurse she is not concerned and believes this to be normal. She reports that she changes the baby's diaper when he wakes up and before she puts him in his crib for naps or bedtime. It would be important to teach this mother that she should start checking his diaper to see if it needs changing every a) 2-4 hours b) 1/2 hour c) 5 hours d) 1-1 1/2 hours
2-4 hours
The infant weighs 7 lbs. 4 oz. at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, which of the following would be an expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months? a) 28 lbs. 4 oz. b) 25 lbs. c) 21 lbs. 12 oz. d) 14 lbs. 8 oz.
21 lbs. 12 oz.
A new mother asks for advice from the nurse about bathing her infant. Which of the following should the nurse tell her? a) Be sure to wash the infant's face, hands, and diaper area daily b) Be sure to brush the scalp with a soft toothbrush during the bath to prevent seborrhea c) Be sure to oil the scalp with mineral oil and leave it on overnight before bathing the infant the next day d) Be sure to give the baby a complete bath every day
Be sure to wash the infant's face, hands, and diaper area daily
The nurse is preparing a list of abilities of 10-month-olds to use in teaching a parenting group. Which ability should appear at this age? a) Sits from standing position b) Uses two or three words with meaning c) Cruises around furniture d) Feeds self with spoon (but spills)
Cruises around furniture
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance regarding the respiratory development of a 4-week-old girl for her mother. Which action is accurate? a) Informing the mother that the respiratory system reaches maturity similar to the adult's by 12 months of age. b) Advising the mother that the infant's usual respiratory rate should slow to about 20 breaths per minute by age 6 months c) Explaining to the mother the risk for infection is high due to the lack of antibodies d) Telling the mother that abdominal breathing disappears by 9 month of age
Explaining to the mother the risk for infection is high due to the lack of antibodies
What is a true statement regarding developmental milestones of the 30-month-old? a) Triples birth weight b) Anterior fontanel closes c) Head circumference equals chest circumference d) Full set of primary teeth
Full set of primary teeth
Which measure would you suggest an infant's parents use to relieve teething discomfort? a) Provide her with a fluid diet for 2 days. b) Ask her pediatrician for a sedative for her. c) Give her a cold teething ring to chew. d) Offer her Aspergum to chew.
Give her a cold teething ring to chew.
The nurse is educating the mother of a 6-month-old boy about the symptoms for teething. Which symptom would the nurse identify? a) Increased biting and sucking b) Running a mild fever or vomiting c) Frequent loose stools d) Choosing soft foods over hard foods
Increased biting and sucking
A parent who is feeding his child formula prepared at home using evaporated milk is concerned about whether the child is receiving all necessary nutrients. Which of the following would be important for this parent to add to his child's diet to supplement the formula? a) Calcium b) Vitamins D c) Iron d) Vitamin E
Iron
The nurse is providing helpful feeding tips to the mother of a 2-week-old boy. Which recommendations will best help the child feed effectively? a) Encourage the infant to latch on properly b) Maintain a feed-on-demand approach c) Apply warm compresses to the breast d) Maintain adequate diet and fluid intake
Maintain a feed-on-demand approach
The nurse is teaching the mother of a 2-month-old girl about the social and emotional developments that will occur in the next 8 weeks. Which behavior is most likely to occur? a) Crying when the mother is out of sight b) Becoming clingy around strangers c) Mimicking mother's facial expressions d) Participating in a game of peek-a-boo
Mimicking mother's facial expressions
While evaluating the development of 10-month-old boy, a nurse hides the boy's stuffed animal behind her back. The boy crawls around the examination table to look behind the nurse's back for the stuffed animal. Which developmental phenomena has this infant demonstrated? a) Binocular vision b) Object permanence c) Depth perception d) Hand regard
Object permanence
The nurse is caring for a 5-week-old infant who is spitting up "all the time." This is the mother's first child. What should be the priority nursing intervention? a) Describe the capacity of a 5-week-old infant's stomach. b) Offer assurance that spitting up is normal. c) Observe the mother while she feeds and burps her infant. d) Recommend the mother offer smaller and more frequent feedings.
Observe the mother while she feeds and burps her infant.
A nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client being discharged with her newborn baby. What is the highest priority item that must be included in the teaching plan? a) Restrain the baby in a car seat. b) Lock all cabinets that contain cleaning supplies. c) Keep all pots and pans in lower cabinets. d) Give warm bottles of formula to the baby.
Restrain the baby in a car seat.
The nurse is teaching healthy eating habits to the parents of a 7-month-old girl. Which recommendation is the most valuable advice? a) Provide small portions that must be eaten b) Let the child eat only the foods she prefers c) Serve new foods several times d) Actively urge the child to eat new foods
Serve new foods several times
A father asks you what symptoms he can expect with normal teething in his infant. Which of the following would you tell him? a) The child's gum line will be tender. b) The child will not play or eat for 2 days. c) He can expect his child to be constipated for 2 days. d) The child's temperature may go as high as 102°F.
The child's gum line will be tender.
Using knowledge of normal growth and development, which of the following would be expected when observing a 12-week-old infant? a) The infant smiles at significant others b) The infant bears weight on legs when held in standing position c) The infant grasps objects and brings them to the mouth d) The infant is able to sit up and can roll over
The infant smiles at significant others
The mother of a 1-month-old infant voices concern about her baby's respirations. She states they are rapid and irregular. Which information should the nurse provide? a) The normal respiratory rate for an infant at this age is between 20 and 30 breaths per minute. b) The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause. c) An infant at this age should have regular respirations. d) The irregularity of the infant's respirations are concerning; I will notify the physician.
The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause.
Sonograms demonstrate thumb sucking as early as in utero. a) False b) True
True
A new mother complains that she is exhausted and that the little sleep she gets is determined by her baby's daytime naps and the few hours the baby sleeps during the night. The nurse discusses with this mother the importance of helping the infant establish healthy sleeping patterns. Which of the following would be most helpful for this mother to do to encourage healthy sleeping patterns? The mother should a) Put the baby to bed a various times of the evening b) Let the baby cry during the night and she will eventually fall back to sleep c) Wake the baby from afternoon naps after 1 hour to ensure she is sleepy by nighttime d) Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities
Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities
The mother of an infant asks you when to begin tooth brushing with her son. Your best response would be a) as soon as the first tooth erupts. b) as soon as he begins to eat fruit. c) when weaning is complete. d) by 12 months of age.
as soon as the first tooth erupts.
When teaching an infant's mother about bathing her, it would be important to instruct her that a) she should never use soap on a baby's hair. b) soap lubricates and oils an infant's skin. c) bath time provides an opportunity for play. d) infants need a daily bath.
bath time provides an opportunity for play.
The nurse conducting a 6-month well-baby check-up assesses for the presence/absence of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex. At this age the reflex: a) is a protective reflex and retained for life. b) should be pronounced and easy to elicit. c) should have disappeared. d) is expected to appear within 1 month.
should have disappeared.
The nurse is educating the mother of a newborn about feeding practices. The nurse correctly advises the mother: a) the newborn's stomach can hold between one-half to 1 ounce. b) most newborns need to eat about 4 times per day. c) the best feeding schedule offers food every 4 to 6 hours. d) demand scheduled feeding is associated with increased difficulty getting the baby to sleep through the night.
the newborn's stomach can hold between one-half to 1 ounce.
Which statements regarding infant safety are accurate? Select all that apply. a) Bottle should only be propped for infants 8 months or older b) Crib and playpen bars should be no more than 2 3/8 inches apart c) Only small pillows should be used in cribs d) A safe temperature for hot water heaters in households with infants is 120 degrees e) Car seats should be placed in back seats
• Crib and playpen bars should be no more than 2 3/8 inches apart • Car seats should be placed in back seats • A safe temperature for hot water heaters in households with infants is 120 degrees
Martha asks the nurse if her 2-month-old could have baby bananas yet. The nurse would respond and educate Martha on the nutrition stages of infants by which of these responses? a) "Sure, if you feel she is ready to have bananas." b) "In one month you can try bananas if you think she is ready." c) "In two months you can try bananas if you think she is ready." d) "When did you feed your other child bananas?
"In two months you can try bananas if you think she is ready."
Debbie asks her nurse what she thinks about giving her baby a pacifier. Debbie is struggling with this issue and is very teary-eyed about making a decision. How should the nurse respond to Debbie? a) "I always gave my kids a pacifier." b) "You should never give babies pacifiers." c) "It is a personal decision, let me give you a pamphlet from the AAP." d) "You should do whatever you want."
"It is a personal decision, let me give you a pamphlet from the AAP."
Patty calls the hospital nursing hotline and asks, "My 8-week-old daughter cries 8 hours a day, and she is hard to console, is that normal?" What should the nurse's response be to this mother? a) "Yes, maybe she is just tired." b) "Yes, infants cry all the time at that age." c) "No, call your doctor." d) "Let me ask you some more questions to see if there are symptoms of colic."
"Let me ask you some more questions to see if there are symptoms of colic."
The nurse goes in to check on Lilly and how breast-feeding is going with her new son. The nurse observes the infant is on her lap with the blanket unwrapped, and Lilly is washing his face, and gently stroking the baby. Lily has had trouble breast-feeding the last few times. What is the appropriate response from her nurse? a) "Lilly, you are doing a wonderful job attempting to waken the baby." b) "Lilly, you will never get him to eat all unwrapped like that." c) "Lilly, maybe you should watch the breast-feeding video again." d) "Lilly, that is not how you get him to eat."
"Lilly, you are doing a wonderful job attempting to waken the baby."
The nurse comes into infant Lucy's room on the pediatric floor. She is going to try and feed her for the first time since her surgery. How does the nurse know what infant state Lucy is in by what Mom says and that it is okay to try and feed Lucy? a) "Lucy has been crying every time someone picks her up." b) "Lucy is so quiet today, that is not like her." c) "Lucy is still sleeping, I guess she is worn out." d) "Lucy has been a chatterbox and smiles just like her brother."
"Lucy has been a chatterbox and smiles just like her brother."
The infant measures 21 ½ inches at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, which of the following would be an expected height for this child at the age of six months? a) 30 ½ inches b) 27 ½ inches c) 29 inches d) 32 inches
27 ½ inches
The infant measured 20 inches at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, which of the following ranges would be an expected height for this child at the age of 12 months? a) 36-38 inches b) 26-28 inches c) 30-32 inches d) 40-42 inches
30-32 inches
The nurse is helping the mother of a 5-month-old boy understand the importance of developmentally appropriate play. Which one of the toys best meets the needs of this child? a) A yellow rubber duck for the bath b) Brightly colored stacking toy c) Pots and pans from the kitchen cupboard d) A push-pull toy
A yellow rubber duck for the bath
The nurse is promoting a healthy diet to the mother of a 6-month-old girl. What action would have the most effect on the infant's neurologic development? a) Adding fruit juice daily b) Establishing an adequate level of dietary iron intake c) Requiring more solid foods in the diet d) Promoting continuation of breastfeeding
Promoting continuation of breastfeeding
The nurse is observing a 6-month-old boy for developmental progress. For which typical milestone should the nurse look? a) Puts down a little ball to pick up a stuffed toy b) Enjoys hitting a plastic bowl with a large spoon c) Picks up an object using his thumb and finger tips d) Shifts a toy to his left hand and reaches for another
Puts down a little ball to pick up a stuffed toy
The nurse is assessing an infant at his 4-month well-baby check-up. The nurse notes that at birth the baby weighed 8 lb (3.6 kg)and was 20 in (50.8 cm)in length. Which finding is most consistent with the normal infant growth and development? a) The baby weighs 21 lb (9.5 kg)and is 30 in (76.2 cm) in length. b) The baby weighs 24 lb (10.9 kg) and is 26 (66.0 cm) in in length. c) The baby weighs 15 lb (6.8 kg)and is 24 in (61.0 cm) in length. d) The baby weighs 16 lb (7.3 kg) and is 26 in (66.0 cm) in length.
The baby weighs 16 lb (7.3 kg) and is 26 in (66.0 cm) in length.
The nurse is caring for the family with a 2-month-old boy with colic. The mother reports feeling very stressed by the baby's constant crying. Which intervention would provide the most help in the short term? a) Educating the parents about when colic stops b) Assessing the parents' care and feeding skills c) Urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child d) Watching how the parents respond to the child
Urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child
Anticipatory guidance for an infant for the 4th month should include the fact that she probably will a) have many "blue" or moody periods. b) develop a fear of strangers. c) insist on things being done her way. d) be able to turn over onto the back.
be able to turn over onto the back.
The nurse pulls the 5-month-old to sitting position from supine and notes head lag. The nurse's response is to: a) conclude the earlier assessments carried out fatigued the infant. b) refer the infant for developmental and/or neurologic evaluation. c) consider this a normal response for the age. d) suggest more awake tummy time for the child.
refer the infant for developmental and/or neurologic evaluation.
The best way for an infant's father to help his child complete the developmental task of the first year is to a) talk to her at a special time each day. b) respond to her consistently. c) expose her to many caregivers to help her learn variability. d) keep her stimulated with many toys.
respond to her consistently.
The infant in the exam room has these signs and symptoms. Which will the nurse attribute to teething? Select all that apply. a) Fever and diarrhea b) Refusing to eat c) Irritability and awakening from sleep d) Drooling and biting e) Increased sucking on hands
• Refusing to eat • Irritability and awakening from sleep • Drooling and biting • Increased sucking on hands
The nurse is reinforcing teaching related to the nutritional needs of the infant with a group of caregivers. One caregiver asks why her 6-month-old infant needs to have solid foods when breast milk is such a good source of nutrition. What would be the best response by the nurse? a) "By this age your child is ready to try new skills such as eating solid foods." b) "Breastfeeding will become painful when the child gets more teeth, so the infant needs to eat solid foods." c) "Milk does not provide adequate amounts of iron, which are found in solid foods." d) "The extrusion reflex must be developed and feeding solid foods will help the child to develop this reflex."
"Milk does not provide adequate amounts of iron, which are found in solid foods."
The nurse is examining an 8-month-old girl for appropriate development during a regular check-up. Which observation points to a developmental risk? a) Uses only the left hand to grasp b) Crawls with stomach down c) Picks up small objects using entire hand d) Cannot pull self to standing
Uses only the left hand to grasp
Infant development is best described by which of the following statements? a) Development proceeds cephalocaudally. b) Development is not sequential but predictable. c) Development varies greatly from infant to infant. d) Development proceeds from fine to gross.
Development proceeds cephalocaudally.
The nurse is reviewing topics to be discussed with caregivers related to caring for infants. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate statement for the nurse to make to this group of caregivers? a) The infant should be dressed more warmly than older children and caregivers b) The infant sleeps 10-12 hours at night and take 2-3 naps during the day c) The infant should wear hard-soled shoes in order to protect their feet from injury d) The infant should be sound asleep before being put into the crib for sleeping
The infant sleeps 10-12 hours at night and take 2-3 naps during the day
The nurse at a family health clinic is teaching a group of parents about normal infant development. What patterns of communication should the nurse tell parents to expect from an infant at age 1? a) Uses speech-like rhythm when talking with an adult b) Understands "no" and other simple commands c) Squeals and makes pleasure sound d) Uses multisyllabic babbling
Understands "no" and other simple commands
When the nurse discharges a new mom and infant, the nurses notices that the car seat is in the front seat of the car. What is the appropriate response for the nurse to make regarding the car seat? a) "Let me go over car seat safety with you, so you can install your car seat properly." b) "You should never put the car seat in the front." c) "With the car seat in front, you can keep an eye on your baby." d) "I see you have a car seat, that is great."
"Let me go over car seat safety with you, so you can install your car seat properly."
Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect an 11-month-old infant to have achieved? a) Building a tower of four cubes b) Sitting independently c) Turning a doorknob d) Walking independently
Sitting independently
Bob and Nancy have financial issues and ask the nurse if a borrowed crib would be okay to use for their new twin boys. Which response should the nurse use in educating the parents? a) "No, you cannot use a borrowed crib." b) "You can use the crib, but there are guidelines to follow." c) "You should just buy a new crib to be on the safe side." d) "You can use any crib that you want."
"You can use the crib, but there are guidelines to follow."
An infant is breastfed. When assessing her stools, which of the following data would be typical? a) Breastfed infants are less likely to be constipated than bottle-fed infants. b) Breastfed infants usually have fewer stools than bottle-fed infants. c) Stools of breastfed infants are usually harder than those of bottle-fed infants. d) Stools of breastfed infants tend to have a strong odor.
Breastfed infants are less likely to be constipated than bottle-fed infants.
Which of the following milestones would you expect an infant to accomplish by 8 months of age? a) Sitting without support b) Pulling self to a standing position c) Creeping on all fours d) Being able to sit from a standing position
Sitting without support
The nurse is teaching a mother of a 1-year old girl about weaning her from the bottle and breast. Which recommendation should be part of the nurse's plan? a) Wean from breast by 18 months of age at the latest. b) Wean from the bottle at 15 months of age. c) Switch the child to a no-spill sippy cup. d) Give the child an iron-fortified cereal.
Give the child an iron-fortified cereal.
The nurse is examining a 6-month-old girl who was born 8 weeks early. Which finding is cause for concern? a) The child measures 21 in (53 cm) in length. b) Head size has increased 5 in (12 cm) since birth. c) The child weighs 10 lb 2 oz (4.6 kg). d) The child exhibits palmar grasp reflex.
Head size has increased 5 in (12 cm) since birth.
Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect an 11-month-old infant to have achieved? a) Sitting independently b) Walking independently c) Building a tower of four cubes d) Turning a doorknob
Sitting independently
Which of the following would you include when teaching the parents of an infant about colic? a) Their child will need future follow-up for a "nervous" bowel. b) Formula intake should be doubled to keep her from losing weight. c) Colic symptoms will probably fade at 3 months of age. d) Symptoms will decrease if she is laid on her back after feedings.
Colic symptoms will probably fade at 3 months of age.
A new mother, when asked by a nurse, explains that her 4-month-old infant has been nursing regularly every 3 to 4 hours but seems satisfied. However, the mother recently introduced solid food in the form of unbuttered popcorn to the baby as a supplement, to "get her used to eating solid food." She felt that the popcorn would be safe because it is soft on the baby's gums. Which of the following should be the primary nursing diagnosis in this situation? a) Readiness for enhanced nutrition, related to the age of the infant b) Imbalanced nutrition, more than body requirements, related to introduction of a high-calorie food c) Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements, related to introduction of a low nutritive food d) Risk for aspiration related to feeding the infant an inappropriate food
Risk for aspiration related to feeding the infant an inappropriate food
Put the following developmental milestones related to an infant's hearing in correct chronological order: 1 Stop activity in response to spoken word 2 Locate sounds made above 3 Locate & turn toward sound in any direction 4 Turn head to locate sound 5 Recognize name when spoken 6 Locate sounds downward and to side
Stop activity in response to spoken word Turn head to locate sound Locate sounds downward and to side Locate sounds made above Recognize name when spoken Locate & turn toward sound in any direction
The nurse is teaching the mother of a 5-month-old boy who is concerned about thumb sucking. What should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. a) Telling the mother this behavior usually decreases by 6 to 9 months of age b) Informing the mother that thumb sucking occurs more often during periods of stress c) Advising the mother this behavior is a form of self-comfort d) Assuring the mother this behavior won't cause malocclusion
• Advising the mother this behavior is a form of self-comfort • Assuring the mother this behavior won't cause malocclusion • Informing the mother that thumb sucking occurs more often during periods of stress • Telling the mother this behavior usually decreases by 6 to 9 months of age
A 5-month-old infant being assessed was born at 32 weeks. The nurse doing the well-child check-up should compare the baby to what norms? a) The development of a 3-month-old b) The growth of a 5-month-old c) The development of a 10-week-old d) The growth of a 2-month-old
The development of a 3-month-old 40weeks - birth week = months to minus from current age 40-32=8wks (2 months) [5mos-2mos=3mos]
Which of the following shows an example of Erik Erikson's developmental task for the infant? a) The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up. b) The infant smiles as people walk past the crib. c) The infant cries when they have a wet diaper. d) The infant plays the game peek-a-boo.
The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up.
The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 5-month-old boy. Which observation may be cause for concern about the infant's neurologic development? a) His toes hyperextend when the bottom of the foot is stroked. b) The infant grasps a finger when it is placed in his palm. c) The infant displays an asymmetric tonic neck reflex (fencing reflex). d) The anterior fontanel is open and easily palpated.
The infant displays an asymmetric tonic neck reflex (fencing reflex). (Birth-4mos)
The nurse is assessing development of a 4-month-old boy during a well-child visit. Which observation needs further investigation? a) The infant makes babbling sounds, coos, and smiles. b) The infant shows interest in looking at near or high-contrast objects. c) The infant responds to his mother when he sees her but not at other times when she is near. d) The infant turns his head in the direction of a squeak toy.
The infant responds to his mother when he sees her but not at other times when she is near.
The nurse is examining an 8-month-old girl for appropriate development during a regular check-up. Which observation points to a developmental risk? a) Picks up small objects using entire hand b) Cannot pull self to standing c) Uses only the left hand to grasp d) Crawls with stomach down
Uses only the left hand to grasp
A 3-month-old still has a Moro reflex. Which statement is most true of this reflex? a) A Moro reflex present at 3 months of age requires referral for a neurologic exam. b) Most 3-month-olds still have a Moro reflex. c) It is not important how long the reflex persists, only that it is present at birth. d) A Moro reflex normally lasts until 9 months.
Most 3-month-olds still have a Moro reflex.
The mother of a 3-month-old is concerned because her daughter does not yet sit by herself. Which of the following statements best reflects average sitting ability? a) Most babies do not sit steadily until 8 months; she is normal. b) Most babies sit steadily at 3 months; she is slightly delayed. c) Sitting ability and the age of first tooth eruption are correlated. d) Most babies sit steadily at 4 months; she is normal.
Most babies do not sit steadily until 8 months; she is normal.
The nurse is assessing the oral cavity of a 4-month-old infant. Which finding is consistent with a child of this age? a) 1 upper tooth b) No teeth c) 1 to 3 natal teeth d) 1 to 2 lower teeth
No teeth
Which milestone would you expect an infant to accomplish by 8 months of age? a) Pulling self to a standing position b) Being able to sit from a standing position c) Creeping on all fours d) Sitting without support
Sitting without support
Lea is 3 months old. At what age would it be okay for Lea's mother to introduce carrots to her for dinner? a) Solid food can be introduced at 9 months of age. b) Solid food can be introduced at 7 to 9 months of age. c) Solid food can be introduced at 4 to 6 months of age. d) Solid food can be introduced whenever the child seems ready.
Solid food can be introduced at 4 to 6 months of age.
In working with the infant age child, the nurse recognizes which of the following as a characteristic of the infant. a) The child grows and develops skills more rapidly than at any other time in their life b) The child has an increased attention span and can be interested in an activity for a long length of time c) The child takes in new information at a rapid rate and asks "why" and "how" d) The child insists they can "do it," the next moment they revert to being dependent
The child grows and develops skills more rapidly than at any other time in their life
A 12-month-old seen at a walk-in clinic weighed 8 pounds 4 ounces (3.75 kg) at birth. Weight now is 20 pounds 8 ounces (9.3 kg). The nurse determines: a) The weight assessment is blatantly inaccurate. b) The child weighs more than expected for age. c) The child weighs the expected amount for age. d) The child weighs less than expected for age.
The child weighs less than expected for age.
A nurse is talking to and making facial expressions at a 9-month-old baby girl during a routine office visit. Which of the following represents the most advanced milestone of language development that the nurse should expect to see in this child? a) The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father b) The infant coos, babbles, and gurgles c) The infant squeals with pleasure d) The infant imitates her father's cough
The infant says "da-da" when looking at her father
A frustrated mother comes to a 9-month well-baby checkup complaining to you that her son is refusing all of the solid food she gives him. When talking with this mother, the nurse discovers that she has struggled all her life with a weight problem. She attributes this problem to being forced to eat all of the food she was served as a child, even when she was full. Because she doesn't want to cause the same problem in her child, she tells the nurse that each time her son pushes food away with his tongue she believes that he doesn't want it. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate for the nurse to say to this mother? a) "The baby might not be ready for solid food, so wait a month or so and try again." b) "Because your baby is a fussy eater, have more than one food available at each feeding so he can choose a food he likes." c) "The baby might be allergic to the particular foods you offered, so try different kinds of food." d) "The baby needs to learn how to move the food to the back of the mouth for swallowing, so catch the food and offer it again until the baby learns this."
"The baby needs to learn how to move the food to the back of the mouth for swallowing, so catch the food and offer it again until the baby learns this."
The caregiver of an infant tells the nurse that her dentist told her not to let the child go to bed with a bottle of milk. The caregiver states she doesn't understand the reason for this since her baby seems to enjoy the bottle. The most appropriate response to this caregiver would be: a) "Giving a bottle of milk when the infant goes to bed can lead to obesity." b) "Giving your baby a pacifier at bedtime will satisfy the need to suck." c) "Bottles given at bedtime can cause erosion of the enamel on the teeth." d) "You could give your baby a bottle of water at bedtime occasionally."
"Bottles given at bedtime can cause erosion of the enamel on the teeth."
The nurse enters her patient's room and finds the infant on a pillow with a bottle propped up while mom is dressing. What reaction should the nurse make? a) "Are you almost ready to be discharged?" b) "Look how cute she is." c) "Is she almost done feeding?" d) "You should always hold your baby for feedings instead of propping the bottles."
"You should always hold your baby for feedings instead of propping the bottles."
Mark is a 2-month-old that has inconsolable crying, is gassy, and constantly draws his legs up. It has been determined that Mark has colic. What is the best intervention to treat colic? a) He needs to try a different formula to assess for sensitivity. b) He is hungry so his mom should feed him more. c) His parents should sing and play music to comfort him. d) His mom should have a regular diet.
He needs to try a different formula to assess for sensitivity.
A nurse places a toy car in front of a 6-month-old girl. She swats at it, and the car flies across the examination table and lands on the floor. She squeals with surprise and delight. When the nurse puts the toy car in front of her again, she immediately swats it again and laughs as it rolls across the table and falls to the floor again. What has the girl just demonstrated? a) Binocular vision b) Primary circular reaction c) Secondary circular reaction d) Object permanence
Secondary circular reaction third month of life, a child enters a cognitive stage identified by Piaget as primary circular reaction. During this time, the infant explores objects by grasping them with the hands or by mouthing them. Infants appear to be unaware of what actions they can cause or what actions occur independently, however. At about 6 months of age infants pass into a stage Piaget called secondary circular reaction. Now when infants reach for an object, hit it, and watch it move, they realize it was their hand that initiated the motion, and so they hit it again. By 10 months, infants discover object permanence. Infants are ready for peek-a-boo once they have gained this concept. They know their parent still exists even when hiding behind a hand or blanket and wait excitedly for the parent to reappear. Binocular vision, which is the ability to fuse two images into one, is demonstrated by 2-month-olds when the follow moving objects with their eyes, although not past the midline.
The nurse is assessing the sleeping practices of the parents of a 4-month-old girl who wakes repeatedly during the night. Which parent comment might reveal a cause for the night waking? a) If she is safe, they lie her down and leave. b) They put her to bed when she falls asleep. c) They sing to her before she goes to sleep. d) The child has a regular, scheduled bedtime.
They put her to bed when she falls asleep.
A staff nurse is talking about Piaget's theory with a nursing student. Infants are in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development during which object permanence is mastered. An example of an infant displaying this ability is: a) pushing a spoon from her high chair tray to the floor. b) looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it. c) shaking a rattle to enjoy the sound. d) smiling at herself in the mirror.
looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it.