Peds Exam 5

Which of the following events is most often necessary to start the process of developing impetigo? Select all that apply. a. a scratch b. contact with a mite c. underlying skin disease d. an insect bite

a. a scratch d. an insect bite

Where are the B lymphocytes produced? a. bone marrow b. spleen c. thymus gland d. liver

a. bone marrow

The father of a newborn has sickle cell anemia and the mother of a newborn is a carrier for sickle cell disease. There is a ____________________% chance that the child conceived will have the disease.

50

Which of the following is the most important message the nurse can give the parents of a child with head lice? a. "Any child from any home can get pediculosis (head lice)." b. "You will have to wash the child's hair more often." c. "Shaving the child's head would make it easier to get rid of the lice." d. "You should not have any children over to play until you get rid of the lice."

a. "Any child from any home can get pediculosis (head lice)."

The nurse is working with the family of a child who is bothered by a wart and tends to pick at it. The family has been trying to remove the wart with a nonprescription product. The nurse assesses to see if the family is using the correct technique with a topical agent such as Duofilm, Mediplast, or Trans-plantar to treat the wart. Which of the following statements by the family would indicate correct technique? a. "We used an emery board to sand the wart, soaked it in warm water, applied the medication, and then dry, reapplied it to cover the whole wart." b. "We put the topical agent on the wart and covered it with an Elastoplast bandage wrapped with an Ace bandage to prevent picking." c. "We cut the wart off, applied the medication, and left it open to the air." d. "We applied a strong vinegar solution and then applied the medication."

a. "We used an emery board to sand the wart, soaked it in warm water, applied the medication, and then dry, reapplied it to cover the whole wart."

A student tells the school nurse that she knows that ultraviolet light is always harmful to a person. The nurse shares with the student that ultraviolet light has some positive effects as well. Which of the following effects is the most positive effect of ultraviolet light? a. Absorption of ultraviolet light is necessary for the conversion of substances to vitamin D. b. Ultraviolet light can help tan a person's body. c. Ultraviolet light has a major influence on mood and can counteract the effects of major depression. d. Ultraviolet light helps crops grow at a more even growth rate over time.

a. Absorption of ultraviolet light is necessary for the conversion of substances to vitamin D.

The nurse is talking to the working parents of a child with sickle cell anemia. The nurse explores the feelings of the parents and finds that both parents are admitting to feeling guilty a lot of the time. Which of the following causes will the nurse most likely find as the greatest contributor or cause of this guilt? a. Both parents are carrying at least one recessive gene for sickle cell anemia. b. Both parents are working and cannot spend as much time with the child as they would like. c. The parents are not able to help their child more, and they fear that the child is suffering a great amount of the time. d. The child wants more and more things that cost more and more money, and the parents can't comply because of hospital bills.

a. Both parents are carrying at least one recessive gene for sickle cell anemia.

Which of the following is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the pediatric population? a. Grave's disease b. infection c. cancer d. Addison's disease

a. Grave's disease

Which of the following opportunistic infections is the most common acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome-defining condition in infants up to 1 year of age? a. Pneumocystiscarinii pneumonia b. cytomegalovirus disease c. histoplasmosis d. cryptosporidiosis

a. Pneumocystiscarinii pneumonia

Which of the following organisms are the ones that almost always cause bullous impetigo? a. Staphylococcus aureus b. streptococcus c. Escherichia coli d. pneumococcus

a. Staphylococcus aureus

What is the body's main defense against viruses? a. T lymphocytes b. interferon c. B lymphocytes d. interleukin

a. T lymphocytes

When a child has hemophilia, which of the following conditions are present? Select all that apply. a. The child has either a missing or a deficient clotting factor. b. There is a deficiency in the production of platelets. c. The prothrombin time will be within normal limits. d. The child has an allergic reaction to his or her own body proteins.

a. The child has either a missing or a deficient clotting factor. c. The prothrombin time will be within normal limits.

The nurse will recommend to the family of a child with scabies that every member be treated prophylactically for scabies for which of the following reasons? a. The incubation period is 2 to 6 weeks. b. Scabies is highly contagious for months. c. It is difficult to kill scabies. d. Psychologically they will feel better.

a. The incubation period is 2 to 6 weeks.

The nurse is giving parents discharge instructions for the care of their child with sickle cell anemia. The nurse explains that the child will be maintained on prophylactic oral penicillin until age 5 and tells the parents that the rationale for this antibiotic is: a. because of the increased risk for infection b. to prevent the destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) c. to prevent vegetation on the mitral valve d. antibiotics alter the shape of the sickle cell

a. because of the increased risk for infection

The nurse working with pregnant women and new mothers in developed countries will advise these women to avoid: a. breastfeeding b. supplementing breast milk with formula c. sunlight d. exercising in any health clubs or gyms

a. breastfeeding

What is the primary focus of nursing intervention when the child has iron-deficiency anemia? a. caregiver education b. control of acute pain c. reduction of episodes of constipation d. reduction of febrile episodes

a. caregiver education

The school nurse will educate teachers of children with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia that when these children have a deterioration in school performance or a severe headache, this can be followed by which of the following problems? a. cerebral vascular accident (CVA) b. loss of consciousness c. petit mal seizure d. migraine or cluster headaches

a. cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

The highest incidence of warts occurs in which of the following age groups? a. children and adolescents b. middle age c. young adults d. elderly

a. children and adolescents

Parents with sickle cell anemia in their families ask the nurse to tell them which test for sickle cell anemia can be done the earliest in the prenatal period. The nurse will respond that prenatal diagnosis for sickle cell anemia can be conducted as early as 8 to 10 weeks with which of the following tests? a. chorionic villi sampling b. sickle cell solubility tests c. amnionic fluid analysis d. hemoglobin electrophoresis

a. chorionic villi sampling

Which of the following drugs might a nurse find in the doctor's orders for clients with mild hemophilia A? Select all that apply. a. desmopressin c. meperidine (Demerol) b. third-generation cephalosporin drug d. factor VIII concentrates

a. desmopressin d. factor VIII concentrates

Which of the following groups is most affected by systemic lupus erythematosus? a. females b. children under 5 c. Caucasians d. elderly over 65

a. females

The nurse is assessing a child who has anemia. The child has a yellowish skin color. This skin color is most likely indicative of which of the following conditions associated with severe anemia? a. increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) b. compensatory polycythemia c. increased melatonin d. liver disease

a. increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs)

Which of the following laboratory results would the nurse most likely find reported on a child who has juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? a. increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) b. decreased C-reactive protein c. decreased white blood cell count (WBC) d. increased hemoglobin

a. increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

The processes of immunity are classified in which of the following ways? a. innate or acquired b. class A and class B c. rapid and long-term d. grade I and grade II

a. innate or acquired

Which of the following types of anemia would the nurse most expect to find in infants and toddlers? a. iron deficiency b. sickle cell c. aplastic d. decreased production

a. iron deficiency

The diagnostic criteria for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) include: a. onset before age 16 b. loss of feeling or motion c. duration of at least 2 weeks d. subnormal temperature

a. onset before age 16

When the nurse learns that the assigned clients include a child with aplastic anemia, the nurse knows that this is a condition involving: a. production of an inadequate number of erythrocytes b. lack of, or deficiency in, factor V c. circulation of highly moldable platelets d. production of inadequate amounts of hemoglobin

a. production of an inadequate number of erythrocytes

What features of red blood cells (RBCs) allow them to reach all the tissues of the body? a. shape, size, and structure b. propulsive DNA energy c. gelatinous quality d. compacting of various cells

a. shape, size, and structure

When the nurse realizes that a child is in sequestration crisis, the nurse will assess for and most likely need to initiate interventions for: a. shock b. breathing difficulty c. bleeding d. cardiac arrest

a. shock

You are the nurse giving discharge instructions to the caregivers of a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who is going home from the hospital. The caregivers ask about physical activities. Which of the following activities would be best for this child? a. swimming and golf b. wrestling and karate c. football and basketball d. ice hockey and skateboarding

a. swimming and golf

Which of the following statements about thalassemia is true? a. It involves the inheritance of dominant genes from both parents. b. It is characterized by an impaired rate of hemoglobin chain synthesis. c. It always involves early death. d. It involve years of transfusions, which cause few side effects if any.

b. It is characterized by an impaired rate of hemoglobin chain synthesis.

The nurse is talking to parents about a wart on their child's hand. The wart does not appear to be bothering the child. The parents want to know if it should be surgically removed. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? a. "Yes, because children's warts often spread and are hard to control." b. "Two-thirds of warts will go away spontaneously within 2 years." c. "Surgery is the first line of therapy, but this wart may disappear by itself." d. "It is better to freeze the wart first before cutting it off. You can talk to the doctor about this."

b. "Two-thirds of warts will go away spontaneously within 2 years."

Which of the following statements by a caregiver of a child with systemic lupus erythematosus would indicate that the caregiver understood the nurse's teachings? a. "We don't give the child any milk or milk products." b. "We protect our child from sunlight as much as possible." c. "Our child is not allowed to play with other children." d. "There is no gluten in any of the foods we serve our child."

b. "We protect our child from sunlight as much as possible."

When a breastfeeding baby is found to have thrush, which of the following should be done? a. Stop the breastfeeding immediately, and start on the bottle. b. Evaluate the mother for candidiasis of the nipple. c. Pump the breast, and use this milk in a bottle. d. Paint the baby's mouth and the mother's nipples with gentian violet.

b. Evaluate the mother for candidiasis of the nipple.

The National Pediculosis Association (2004) recommends that the nurse examining children's hair for lice and nits should: a. Wear gloves at all times, and change the gloves for each new examination. b. Use wooden tongue depressors, discarded after each examination, to examine the child's hair. c. Use ungloved hands, and wash the hands carefully with soap after the examination. d. Use a comb to part the hair, and do not touch the hair itself with anything other than the comb.

b. Use wooden tongue depressors, discarded after each examination, to examine the child's hair.

The final major component of the immune response, complement, accomplishes which of the following things? a. facilitates vasodilation and increased circulation b. amplifies immune response and facilitates phagocytosis c. boosts the production of hemoglobin and oxygen to cells d. carries white blood cells (WBCs) quickly into areas of infection

b. amplifies immune response and facilitates phagocytosis

Which of the following is the telltale sign of systemic lupus erythematosus? a. polyarthritis b. butterfly-shaped macular rash over the bridge of the nose and cheeks c. large nodules d. fine irregular rash over the entire body, which fades with sleep or rest

b. butterfly-shaped macular rash over the bridge of the nose and cheeks

Which of the following groups of clients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will the nurse find have the most severe symptoms? a. young adult women b. children diagnosed with HIV when young c. men diagnosed with HIV as adolescents d. middle-aged men

b. children diagnosed with HIV when young

The chemical mediators or messages communicating throughout the immune processes are: a. interferon b. cytokines or interleukin c. helper T cells or T lymphocytes d. B lymphocytes

b. cytokines or interleukin

Which of the following is a medication that has been found to work in a completely new way in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? a. methotrexate (Rheumatrex) b. etanercept (Enbrel) c. hydrochloroquine (Aralen) d. sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

b. etanercept (Enbrel)

Where are blood cells produced during fetal development? a. bone marrow b. liver and spleen c. stem cells d. heart and lungs

b. liver and spleen

The nurse examining a 1-year-old child finds some nits and lice. The nurse is aware that children of this age should be treated for nits and lice in which of the following ways? a. weight dosed for permethrin (Nix) b. manual removal of nits and lice c. lice shampoo diluted with water d. wash the hair several times a day

b. manual removal of nits and lice

The nurse is aware that children with facial cellulitis caused by Haemophilus influenza type B are at risk of developing: a. the flu b. meningitis c. an upper respiratory infection d. few problems

b. meningitis

What are the classic symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) a. severe joint pain that varies from sharp to burning pain b. morning immobility, stiffness, and joint pain c. swollen joints that are irregular in shape d. nighttime pain that causes difficulty sleeping

b. morning immobility, stiffness, and joint pain

Which of the following is the first-line treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? a. corticosteroids b. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) c. slow-acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARDs) d. hydrochloroquine

b. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

The nurse working with a child who has cellulitis anticipates doctor's orders for which of the following usual treatment regimens? a. whirlpool, meperidine (Demerol) or morphine sulfate, and wet to dry dressings b. oral antibiotics, warm compresses, immobilization, elevation of the extremity, and analgesics c. debridement of the wounds, antibiotic creams, dressings, and an Ace bandage d. incision and drainage with antibiotics placed in the wound, done as a minor surgical procedure in day surgery

b. oral antibiotics, warm compresses, immobilization, elevation of the extremity, and analgesics

Which of the following approaches to pain treatment would be best for a child with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia who is having pain related to a vaso-occlusive crisis? a. pain medication every 3 to 4 hours as necessary b. pain medication every 3 to 4 hours around the clock c. each pain medication dose ordered specifically by the physician in response to the nurse calling the doctor d. as little pain medication as possible by using some alternative comforting methods

b. pain medication every 3 to 4 hours around the clock

As iron-deficiency anemia progresses beyond the moderate stage, the nurse assessing the child will most likely find which of the following signs? a. decreased reticulocytes and increased serum ferritin b. systolic murmurs, hair falling out, brittle nails, and enlarged spleen c. elevated blood pressure and pulse d. seizures and loss of consciousness

b. systolic murmurs, hair falling out, brittle nails, and enlarged spleen

The nurse is doing discharge teaching with caregivers who will be giving their toddler a liquid iron supplement. The nurse will teach the parents to administer the liquid iron supplement in which of the following ways? a. mixed half and half with water b. through a straw, a medicine dropper, or a syringe in the back part of the mouth c. with food such as eggs, milk, cheese, or a slice of toasted whole grain bread with butter d. mixed with antacids

b. through a straw, a medicine dropper, or a syringe in the back part of the mouth

The school nurse is working with a pregnant adolescent. The nurse will advise the young woman to eat foods high in iron and also high in which of the following vitamins to increase the absorption of iron? a. the B vitamins b. vitamin C c. vitamin E d. vitamin D

b. vitamin C

The nurse is assigned to a child with hemosiderosis. The nurse will most expect to give which of the following ordered medications to reduce hemosiderosis? a. naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan) b. ferrous sulfate c. deferoxamine (Desferal) d. a daily vitamin with minerals

c. deferoxamine (Desferal)

The nurse assessing a child with cellulitis will most often find which of the following classic symptoms? a. skin breakdown and areas of ulceration resulting from inflammation of cells b. complaint of burning and tightness in the area of the cellulitis c. erythema, swelling, warmth, pain, and diffuse borders of the infected area d. no visible signs but the child will complain of varying types of pain

c. erythema, swelling, warmth, pain, and diffuse borders of the infected area

At what age does a child's immune system mature? a. 1 to 2 years b. 7 to 10 years c. 3 to 6 years d. 11 to 14 years

c. 3 to 6 years

If a child with thalassemia major is not treated, death will most likely occur by which of the following ages? a. 3 to 4 years b. 8 to 9 years c. 5 to 6 years d. 11 to 12 years

c. 5 to 6 years

Over 84% of newborn babies prenatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are of which of the following races? a. Caucasian and American Indian b. Asian c. African American and Hispanic d. Eskimo

c. African American and Hispanic

Why are premature infants more at risk for iron-deficiency anemia than full-term infants? a. They do not nurse or take formula as well as full-term infants, so their intake of iron is considerably less. b. Their liver and spleen are smaller and functionally less well-developed than full-term infants. c. Premature infants use up their stores of hemosiderin within 6 to 8 weeks compared to approximately 20 weeks for full-term infants. d. The bone marrow production of iron is depressed and does not come up to the production level of full-term infants for several months.

c. Premature infants use up their stores of hemosiderin within 6 to 8 weeks compared to approximately 20 weeks for full-term infants.

The nurse is working with a child who is in for diagnostic tests. The lab results for the child's antinuclear antibodies (ANA) come back positive. These results support which conclusion? a. It is unlikely that this is a case of systemic lupus erythematosus. b. The child has negative antibodies to DNA. c. The child likely has systemic lupus erythematosus. d. The child's kidneys are involved in one of the autoimmune disorders.

c. The child likely has systemic lupus erythematosus.

The nurse reporting on duty is assigned to care for a child with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. In the report the nurse hears that this child is "clock watching" in regard to pain medication and sometimes asks for pain medication before it is time. The nurse suspects which of the following as the most likely cause of the child's behavior in regard to pain medication? a. The child is drug addicted. b. The child is on the way to being drug addicted. c. The child's pain is undermedicated. d. The child is over-medicated and needs to be weaned downward.

c. The child's pain is undermedicated.

The pediatric nurse doing assessments on infants and young children is aware that the most common blood disorder in children is: a. leukemia b. thalassemia minor c. anemia d. von Willebrand's disease

c. anemia

In addition to protecting people from the harmful effects of ultraviolet light, what else do melanocytes within the epidermis do? a. help with assimilation of vitamins b. play a role in skin lubrication c. are determinant of skin pigmentation d. assist in walling off foreign protein

c. are determinant of skin pigmentation

A parent calls the nurse and frantically reports that a child has gotten into the mother's ferrous sulfate pills and ingested a number of these pills. The child is vomiting, has bloody diarrhea, and is complaining of abdominal pain. The nurse will tell the mother to: a. call the poison control center b. administer syrup of ipecac c. call emergency medical services (EMS) and get the child to the emergency room d. relax because these symptoms will pass and the child will be fine

c. call emergency medical services (EMS) and get the child to the emergency room

The school nurse will need to know and share with teachers and caregivers that a child with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia must avoid: a. diets high in sugar, cola drinks, and classroom treats that are high in sugar content b. homework assignments that require loss of sleep to be completed on time c. fever, infection, dehydration, constricting clothing, and exposure to cold d. playing with other children, small group projects, and paired projects

c. fever, infection, dehydration, constricting clothing, and exposure to cold

Parents of children with sickle cell anemia need to know the risks of various activities. The nurse will teach the parents of a child with sickle cell anemia that on rare occasions children who have the sickle cell trait can have vaso-occlusive episodes and severe crisis caused by which of the following activities? a. being in very hot water (e.g., in a bathtub or a hot tub) that is 40.5 degrees C (105 degrees F) or higher b. failure to take rest periods morning and afternoon and to get 9 hours sleep daily c. flying at high altitudes in depressurized aircraft, exercising at high altitudes, or using anesthesia d. doubling up on medication either on purpose or by accident, then forgetting that the medicine was already been taken

c. flying at high altitudes in depressurized aircraft, exercising at high altitudes, or using anesthesia

When a child progresses to moderate iron-deficiency anemia, the caregivers or the nurse will notice which of the following signs? a. yellow color of skin, fatigue, and increased aggressiveness b. mottling of skin, joint pain, and muscular weakness c. general irritability, weakness, and lack of interest in play d. respiratory distress, cardiac irregularities, seizures

c. general irritability, weakness, and lack of interest in play

The nurse working with the family of a child with impetigo will teach the family which of the following things? a. how to cover the skin to prevent the transfer of infection to others b. isolation techniques such as masking, gowning, and gloving c. handwashing techniques using antibacterial soap and not sharing towels and personal items d. how to apply the tincture of benzoin to the lesions

c. handwashing techniques using antibacterial soap and not sharing towels and personal items

What is the classic sign of impetigo, which is typically used to diagnose this condition? a. red rash on the trunk b. tracks under the skin c. honey-colored crusts on the skin d. scratch marks near insect bites

c. honey-colored crusts on the skin

Which of the following precipitates 80% of the cases of aplastic crisis? a. pneumococcal infection b. staphylococcus c. human parvovirus B-19 d. streptococcus

c. human parvovirus B-19

When sickle cells are not able to pass through the microcirculation, which of the following signs or symptoms will the nurse find on assessment of a child with sickle cell anemia? a. edema b. fever c. pain d. dizziness

c. pain

The primary function of white blood cells (WBCs) is to guard against microorganisms and to do which of the following? a. produce erythrocytes b. disperse platelets c. remove debris d. boost antibiotics

c. remove debris

The parents ask the nurse if there is anything that can be done to reduce or eliminate the need for transfusions every 2 to 3 weeks for their child who has thalassemia. Which one of the following treatments will the nurse report as one that will decrease the child's need for frequent transfusions? a. beta cell transplantation b. liver and pancreatic transplantation c. splenectomy or bone marrow transplantation d. allergy testing and serum treatment of allergies

c. splenectomy or bone marrow transplantation

The nurse will most often find intertrigo in which of the following places? a. the upper back and the abdominal areas b. the waist and any fat folds on the body c. the axillae, interdigital spaces, and the gluteal cleft d. the elbows and the hairline

c. the axillae, interdigital spaces, and the gluteal cleft

The nurse has given the family of a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis instructions on nutrition and diet. Which of the following reports given by the family a week later on what they have been serving will best indicate that they followed the nurse's instructions? a. "Our child does not like much of anything except sweets, so we serve a lot of sweet foods." b. "We have increased the amount of olive oil in our child's otherwise balanced diet." c. "We serve less beef and pork and more eggs and fish such as salmon for protein." d. "We provide 3 to 4 servings of protein each day as part of a balanced diet that is low in fat and low in sodium."

d. "We provide 3 to 4 servings of protein each day as part of a balanced diet that is low in fat and low in sodium."

Parents ask the nurse why their adolescent daughter and several of her friends tend to be anemic. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? a. "There is decreased production of red blood cells (RBCs) during adolescence as the body focuses on growth in other areas." b. "Some adolescent girls are anemic because of pregnancy and others because the body is preparing for pregnancy." c. "This is a time when girls have a very heavy menstrual flow, which reduces the amount of hemoglobin." d. "While there are several causes of anemia, teenage girls tend to make poor dietary choices at a time when they are growing."

d. "While there are several causes of anemia, teenage girls tend to make poor dietary choices at a time when they are growing."

What percentage of children satisfactorily recover from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with no functional limitations? a. 33% b. 66% c. 40%-50% d. 80%-90%

d. 80%-90%

Head lice are most common in which of the following groups of children? a. African-American children b. Caucasian school-aged boys c. children from Central and South America d. Caucasian school-aged girls

d. Caucasian school-aged girls

The nurse assessing a baby finds that the baby has creamy-white plaques on the buccal mucosa and lateral borders of the tongue. What method will the nurse normally use to see if this is thrush or residual milk curds? a. Send a sample of the plaques to the lab for a thrush test. b. Scrape a sample of the plaques, and look at it under the microscope. c. Give the baby something acidic to drink such as sweetened lemonade. d. Do a simple scraping; milk curds will scrape away and thrush will not.

d. Do a simple scraping; milk curds will scrape away and thrush will not.

Which of the following groups of children are most likely to suffer from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)? a. African American b. Caucasian c. Asian d. Native American

d. Native American

Why is the newborn's skin more susceptible to infection during the first week of life? a. It is much more porous than it will be at any other time in life. b. The newborn's skin is very thin, thinner than at any other time in life. c. The sweat gland system is underdeveloped in the first week. d. The pH of the newborn's skin is relatively alkaline in the first week of life.

d. The pH of the newborn's skin is relatively alkaline in the first week of life.

Parents of a child with anemia of unknown cause learn that their child will be tested for sickle cell anemia. The parents ask the nurse to explain why after having a sickle solubility test the child is now going to have a hemoglobin electrophoresis. Which of the following explanations by the nurse would be most accurate? a. The physician has to verify the results of the first test and doesn't like to base a diagnosis on just one test. b. The solubility has to do with the sickle cell and the electrophoresis with the severity of the anemia. c. The solubility test has to do with what solutions will dissolve a sickle cell and the electrophoresis with determining the electrical charge. d. The solubility test is to detect the presence of hemoglobin S(Hb S), while the hemoglobin electrophoresis is to determine the amount of Hb S in the blood.

d. The solubility test is to detect the presence of hemoglobin S(Hb S), while the hemoglobin electrophoresis is to determine the amount of Hb S in the blood.

The usual onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is at which of the following ages or time periods? a. 1 year b. before age 3 c. 2 years d. after age 5

d. after age 5

In talking with parents about the life expectancy of children who have the sickle cell trait, the nurse will share with the parents whose children with the sickle cell trait: a. often live only into their 20s or early 30s b. usually die at about age 45 c. most often do not live past age 55 d. do not have a decreased life expectancy

d. do not have a decreased life expectancy

Which of the following are the most common presenting signs of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)? a. blurred vision, dizziness, and changes in behaviors b. bleeding and severe hemorrhaging c. nodules in various locations on the body d. fever, bone pain, pallor, and bruising

d. fever, bone pain, pallor, and bruising

The nurse is working with a mother who is breastfeeding her 2-month-old infant with blood-loss anemia. The blood loss has been stopped, and efforts are made to increase the infant's supply of iron. The nurse will advise the mother to: a. switch to a formula high in iron b. feed half formula with iron and half breast milk c. feed formula with iron and iron-fortified cereal d. give only mother's breast milk

d. give only mother's breast milk

Which of the following best defines autoimmunity? a. the immediate response to a foreign protein b. immunity that is built into the body's defense system c. start-up system to fight invaders that does not require conscious effort d. identification of self as foreign and mounting of immune response

d. identification of self as foreign and mounting of immune response

The nurse is working with a child who has vaso-occlusive crisis. The nurse is aware that if this vaso-occlusive crisis is not resolved, the most likely result will be: a. priapism b. bruising c. bleeding into the surrounding tissues d. infarction of the distal tissues

d. infarction of the distal tissues

The nurse is working with a client who has a diagnosis of cellulitis. The spouse asks the nurse: "Just what is cellulitis anyway?" Which of the following would be the nurse's best answer? a. an infection in the intracellular spaces, which forces fluids into extracellular space b. a reaction to an intravenous injection of fluid or medication that has extravasated into the tissue c. a severe inflammation of cells in any area of the body that will almost always respond to anti-inflammatory drugs d. inflammation and infection in the loose connective tissue, which extends into the dermis; it often occurs following minor trauma

d. inflammation and infection in the loose connective tissue, which extends into the dermis; it often occurs following minor trauma

The nurse assessing a child finds the classic symptoms of scabies, which are: a. Track-like raised red areas, which burn and hurt but do not itch at all b. constant itching and secondary infections from itching, in addition to primary dry scaly lesions on the arms and trunk c. daytime itching and vesicles containing fluid in a Track-like pattern d. nighttime itching and minute grayish-brown, threadlike burrow tracks with a black dot at the end of the track

d. nighttime itching and minute grayish-brown, threadlike burrow tracks with a black dot at the end of the track

When a baby has a diagnosis of thrush, the nurse anticipates an order for which of the following substances to treat the thrush? a. gentian violet b. fluconazole (Diflucan) c. penicillin d. oral nystatin (Mycostatin)

d. oral nystatin (Mycostatin)

The three primary functions of the immune system are to prevent or ameliorate infections, maintain homeostasis, and to: a. promote phagocytosis b. prevent or ameliorate allergies c. produce white blood cells d. recognize self from nonself

d. recognize self from nonself

What is the main function of platelets? a. to wall off foreign proteins, preventing infection b. to carry nutrients to tissues throughout the body c. to be involved in the recovery process in infection d. to facilitate blood coagulation to control bleeding

d. to facilitate blood coagulation to control bleeding