Penny Ch. 7, 8, & 9

All of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytome except: a. Bradycardia b. Uncontrollable hypertension c. Excessive sweating d. Tremors

A

From the list below, which vessel would be the shortest in length? a. Right renal vein b. Right renal artery c. Left renal vein d. Left renal artery

A

The most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections is: a. Candida albicans b. Renal cell carcinoma c. Renal tract obstruction d. Urolithiasis

A

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a/an: a. Hyperechoic mass b. Hypoechoic mass c. Anechoic mass d. Complex mass

A

The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys is: a. Tuberous sclerosis b. Tuberculosis c. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome d. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

A

Which hormones below play a part in the development of male characteristics? a. Androgens b. Cortisol c. Aldosterone d. Hematocrit

A

Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. Ureteral stricture b. Pregnancy c. Neurogenic bladder d. Uterine leiomyoma

A (extrinsic causes of hydronephrosis include neurogenic bladder, pelvic masses, pregnancy, retroperitoneal fibrosis, surgery, trauma, urethritis)

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus b. The adrenal glands are composed of a medulla and cortex c. The adrenal glands are composed of a medulla and cortex d. The adrenal glands may also be referred to as the suprarenal glands

B

The diameter of the IVC should never exceed: a. 1.5 cm b. 2.5 cm c. 3.5 cm d. 8 mm

B

The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is: a. Hyperechoic mass b. Heterogeneous mass with calcifications c. Anechoic mass d. Hypoechoic mass

B

The most common, extracranial, malignant mass in children is the: a. Hepatoblastoma b. Hypernephroma c. Pheochromocytome d. Neuroblastoma

B

The syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is: a. Edwards syndrome b. Cushing syndrome c. Juliet syndrome d. Hirschsprung syndrome

B

Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic renal failure? a. Hypertension b. Diabetes mellitus c. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease d. Acute tubular necrosis

B

Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. Ureterocele b. Urethritis c. Urolithiasis d. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

B (Intrinsic causes of hydronephrosis include urolithiasis, congenital abnormalities (vesicoureteral reflux, posterior urethral valves, and ureterovesicular junction obstruction), hematoma (blood clot), neoplasm, ureteropelvic junction obstruction or ureteral stricture, ureterocele.)

A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency is: a. Wilms syndrome b. Meckel-Gruber syndrome c. Marfan syndrome d. Kleinman syndrome

C

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a. The adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation b. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus c. The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney d. The right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

C

The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called: a. Glissons capsule b. Adrenalocortical fascia c. Gerota fascia d. Glisson fascia

C

The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is: a. Tuberous sclerosis b. Tuberculosis c. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome d. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

C

Which hormone listed below is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body? a. Epinephrine b. Cortisol c. Aldosterone d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

C

Which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland? a. Posterior and lateral to the pancreas b. Medial to the lower pole of the right kidney c. Posterior and lateral to the IVC d. Medial to the crus of the diaphragm

C

Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla? a. Cortisol b. Aldosterone c. Norepinephrine d. Androgens

C (The medulla produce adrenaline/epinephrine, and norepinephrine)

A 45-year-old obese woman with thin arms and legs, hypertension, and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal sonogram. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of: a. Primary adrenal carcinoma b. Adrenal hemorrhage c. Adrenal adenoma d. Both A and C

D

All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome except: a. Adrenal adenoma b. Hypertension c. Excessive thirst d. Thinning arms and legs

D

Clinical findings of an abdominal aortic aneurysm include all of the following except: a. Lower extremity pain b. Back pain c. Abdominal bruit d. Neck pain

D

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: a. Proteinuria b. Throat infection c. Azotemia d. Hypercalcemia

D

Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except: a. UTI's b. Urinary calculi c. Hyperparathyroidism d. Weight loss

D

Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following except: a. Cushing syndrome b. Conn syndrome c. Hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland d. Acute drop in hematocrit

D

Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes: a. Marfan syndrome b. Klinefelter syndrome c. Morrison syndrome d. Budd-Chiari syndrome

D

The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following except the: a. Suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries b. Suprarenal branches of the aorta c. Suprarenal branches of the renal arteries d. Suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

D

The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia, and tremors is the: a. Neuroblastoma b. Adrenal hematoma c. Oncocytoma d. Pheochromocytoma

D

The most common shape of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is: a. Saccular b. Bulbous c. True d. Fusiform

D

The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of: a. 1 Year b. 2 Years c. 4 Years d. 5 Years

D

Which of the following is the most common cause of acute renal failure? a. Hypertension b. Diabetes mellitus c. ARPKD d. Acute tubular necrosis

D

The adrenal cortex produces all of the following except: a. Cortisol b. Androgens c. Aldosterone d. Adrenaline

D (The adrenal cortex produces aldosterone, androgens, and cortisol)