Perception, Phys Dis, Test 4

Treatment for Perceptual Motor and Apraxia: - Use...

(Good EBP question) - Use short, clear, concise and concrete instructions Beak task down and teach movements - grade complexity and number of steps 3 appraches (see next card)

(Teach pts from a physical position of...)

(Teach pts from a physical position of next to their side so that they don't have to try to reverse a mirror image view if you were standing in front of them)

Body Scheme - A posture... 3 Parts...

- A posture model related to how one perceives the position of the body and the relationship of body parts. 3 Parts: 1. Have pt draw a person 2. Have pt point to body parts 3. Body puzzles i.e) put puzzle togther

Types of Visual Discrimination Tasks: 3. Figure Ground Perception - Ability to... - Treatment Strategies... - (i.e. Finding...)

- Ability to distinguish between foreground and background. - Treatment Strategies: Hidden geometric figures, practice finding objects and gradually increase the complexity - (i.e. Finding white buttons on a white background)

Types of Visual Discrimination Tasks: 4. Position in Space

- Ability to percieve the position of 2 or more objects in realtion to one another and to self. - Concepts: up-down, in-out, front-behind -(Also, tests visual memory while testing position in space -(Ayers test battery- standardized for kids) (Adults use more cognition to process this than kids do)

Types of Visual Discrimination Tasks: 5. Visual Field Cut - Hemianopsia

- Blindness of the nasal half of one eye and temporal half of the other eye - Affected side of vision corresponds to affected side of the body - Pt will not see objects int that visual field

Treatment for Perceptual Motor and Apraxia: (3 Approaches) 3. Functional Approach

- Emphasis is on treating the symptom a. Teach pt to compensate b. Increase awareness of problem. Teach to turn head to LEFT c. Adapt environment - place food in right visual field

(Further explanation) Hemiplegia = - ________________ - Hemiplegia is a condition that affects... -We talk about a right or left hemiplegia, depending on... -It is caused by injury to parts of the brain that control... - This may happen... - Generally, injury to the ____ side of the brain will cause... - Hemiplegia is a relatively...

- Hemiparesis - Hemiplegia (sometimes called hemiparesis) is a condition that affects one side of the body (Greek 'hemi' = half). -We talk about a right or left hemiplegia, depending on the side affected. -It is caused by injury to parts of the brain that control movements of the limbs, trunk, face, etc. - This may happen before, during or soon after birth, or later in life as a result of injury or illness, in which case it is called acquired hemiplegia. - Generally, injury to the left side of the brain - will cause a right hemiplegia; and injury to the right side - a left hemiplegia. - Hemiplegia is a relatively common condition

Unilateral Neglect: - Inability to... - This may be seen...

- Inability to integrate perceptions from left side or left side of the environment. - This may be seen with or without visual & sensory impairments (usually on left side when present)

Apraxia definition: - Inablitiy to... - (Lights are...) - (Everything...)

- Inablitiy to perform purposeful movement even though there is no loss of motor power, sensation or coordination - (Lights are on, but no one is home) - (Everything intact but they cannot perform the task)

Perception definition: - Interpretation of... - Interaction with... - Input ->... - (Think: Dr. B's story about fireworks...)

- Interpretation of visual stimuli received thru senses. - Interaction with the stimuli is based on how you interpret the data. - Input -> through put -> Output - (Think: Dr. B's story about fireworks perceived on top of house roof, actually moonlight)

Treatment for Perceptual Motor and Apraxia: (3 Approaches) 1. Sensory Integrative Approach...

- Jean Ayers - Control sensory input WILL influence motor output

Right and left Discrimination: - May occur in...

- May occur in extra-personal space, intra-personal space or body scheme related disorders

Types of Visual Discrimination Tasks: 2. Depth Perception

- The ability to use visual clues to determine distance of objects from each other and from the individual. - Treatment strategies: Relation of size to distance, light, shadows and movement in relation to the observer.

Apraxia 2. Constructional - The inability to... - Dot ... - Block...

- The inability to copy, draw or construct a design. - Dot to Dot (progressively more difficult) - Block designs- parquetry

(Further explanation) Hemianopsia definition

- defective vision or blindness in half of the visual field; usually applied to bilateral defects caused by a single lesion

Types of Visual Discrimination Tasks: 1. Form Perception -Ability to... -Treatment strategies...

-Ability to differentiate between forms. -Treatment strategies: recognizing items by tactile discrimination, labeling and organizing items

Apraxia 1. Ideational -Inability to... -Show me how...

-Inability to plan a motor act -Show me how you brush your teeth, Ayers - Imitation of postures with kids

Apraxia 3. Dressing -The inability to...

-The inability to dress, difficulty with orientation of garments to body parts

*Perception* difficulties in CVA...

...are usually seen with the R CVA and L Hemiplegia (=Hemiparesis/condition that affects one side of body)

OT uniquely look at the

...environemnt - Look at connection between humans and their environemnts

Lability refers to...

...something that is constantly undergoing change or something that is likely to undergo change.

Emotional changes: list 4

1. Depression 2. Emotional Lability 3. Frustation Tolerance 4. Perseveration

Types of Visual Discrimination Tasks: List five

1. Form Perception 2. Depth Perception 3. Figure Ground Perception 4. Position in Space 5. Visual Field Cut - Hemianopsia

Apraxia 3 sub areas:

1. Ideational 2. Constructional 3. Dressing

Evaluation : 1. Needs to be... 2. The area needs to be... 3. Pt needs to be... 4. If pt confused, you will get... (Documentation should...) 5. The ____ and ____ background of pt needs to be considered

1. Needs to be administered on a one to one basis 2. The area needs to be quiet and free from distractions 3. Pt needs to be mentally alert 4. If pt confused, you will get confusing results. (Documentation should reflect something like... not able to complete ______ due to confusion) 5. The EDUCATION and WORK background of pt needs to be considered

Treatment for Perceptual Motor and Apraxia: 3 Approaches List the 3...

1. Sensory Integrative Approach 2. Transfer Training 3. Functional Approach

Emotional changes: 2. Emotional Lability Loss of ...

Loss of emotional control, excessive emotional response, automatic laughing or crying.

Emotional changes: 1. Depression... May be a...

May be a reaction to results of CVA. Remember treat the WHOLE

Emotional changes: 3. Frustation Tolerance May be...

May be lowered

Emotional changes: 4. Perseveration

Meaningless, non-purposeful, repetition of an ac. Give tactile clue (to make them self aware)

Evaluation is usually done by...

OTR

Perception Phys Dis Test 4

Perception Phys Dis Test 4

Treatment for Perceptual Motor and Apraxia: (3 Approaches) 2. Transfer Training...

Practice the particular perceptual task, Paper/Pens task

Perception may also be called...

perception/motor functioning