Perceptions Quiz AP Classroom ?'s -- Ms. Fitz

the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete

A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that - the blind spot is very small, and no visual stimuli are likely to be so small that the blind spot completely obscures them - most visual stimuli affect only one visual hemisphere, and one hemisphere can cover for the other - visual stimuli usually affect the occipital cortex in both hemispheres - the blind spot habituates to a stimulus when the head is held still - the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete

perceptual set

After his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had seen in years, Willard found himself laughing throughout the viewing, even though the movie was not very funny. What concept is Willard demonstrating? - Functional fixedness - Perceptual set - Inattentional blindness - Bottom-up processing - Context-dependent memory

Linear perspective

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her? - Convergence - Binocular disparity - Linear perspective - Similarity - Closure

Retinal disparity

Ana is instructed by her doctor to wear a patch over one eye while an infection heals. While wearing the patch, Ana will lose her ability to use which of the following depth perception cues? - Relative Size - Interposition - Texture gradient - Linear perspective - Retinal disparity

habituation

At the beginning of the school year, Juan had trouble paying attention in class because he was distracted by posters in the classroom. Midway through the semester, he could pay attention more easily because he no longer noticed the posters. His decreased attention to the posters is most likely related to - signal detection - habituation - perceptual set - the cocktail party effect - visual capture

similarity

Carlos sees the figure above as six unified columns, not four unified rows. Which of the following Gestalt principles is operating most strongly? - Proximity - Similarity - Closure - Good continuation - Common fate

some depth perception is lo

Climbing an irregular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears a patch over one eye primarily because - some depth perception is lost - half of the visual field is missing - the ability to perceive interposition is lost - the patch disrupts the functioning of the vestibular system - the patch alters the ability of the open eye to compensate

many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that - patterns are recognized exclusively by template matching - many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information - pattern recognition occurs in the lateral geniculate nucleus - the retinal image must be upside down to be recognized - pattern recognition is better in normal-sighted individuals than in nearsighted or farsighted individuals

depth

Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive - patterns - depth - size constancy - shape constancy - different hues

Constancy

Kaori is traveling on an airplane for the first time. As the plane takes off, she watches the automobiles driving on the freeway below. Even though the automobiles seem to get smaller as the airplane gains altitude, Kaori does not perceive the cars as shrinking but still perceives them to be their normal size. Which perceptual principle best describes this phenomenon? - Constancy - Absolute threshold - Saturation - Contrast - Illusion

top-down processing

Luz, a math major, sees the drawing above as a Venn diagram. Her brother, an art major, sees it as two circles. The difference in perception is an example of - synesthesia - stereotyping - stimulus variables - top-down processing - feature detection

top-down processing

People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates - parapsychology - complementary afterimages - perceptual constancy - perceptual adaptation - top-down processing

people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives

People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that - a decrease in change blindness results from exposure to a carpentered world - a decrease in depth perception in illusions results from regular exposure to linear perspective - people in highly technological societies are generally less prone to visual illusions than are more primitive societies - people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives - people who are used to buildings with square corners are more likely to be affected by binocular depth cues

closure

The Gestalt principle that refers to an individual's tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as whole is called - figure-ground - motion parallax - closure - proximity - shape constancy

gestalt principles of closure and continuity

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following? - the resting potential of neurons in the optic nerve - gestalt principles of closure and continuity -the inverted and reversed image that a visual stimulus produces on the retina - the opponent process theory of vision - the trichromatic theory of vision

motion parallax

When viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called - stroboscopic motion - motion parallax - motion constancy - linear perspective - the Müller-Lyer illusion

linear perspective

Which monocular depth cue is illustrated in the figure above? - Accommodation - Texture gradient - Relative size - Interposition - Linear perspective

retinal disparity

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception? - Linear perspective - Texture gradient - Interposition - Retinal disparity - Motion parallax

Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a context effect? - Carol performs better in her recital when she practices in short sessions, several times a day -Edgar solves his jigsaw puzzles faster when he completes the edges first - Rosemarie shoots more accurately at her archery competition when other people are around - Vernon is more social at parties when he has had caffine - Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies

figure-ground

While attending a concert, Anthony finds that he can clearly recognize the melody coming from the lead violin above all the other instruments playing in the orchestra, even though the other instruments may be louder. Gestalt psychologists would explain Anthony's ability using the principle of - figure-ground - closure - simplicity - constancy - proximity

depth perception

A developmental psychologist who is using a visual cliff is most likely studying which of the following? - Color vision - Blindsight - Synesthesia - Depth perception - Peripheral vision

retinal disparity

A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing in depth? - Retinal disparity - Linear perspective - Motion parallax - Relative size - Texture gradient

context effects

When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concept? - Context effects - Binocular cues - Divided attention - Schemas - Bottom-up processing

figure-ground

The reversible figure above illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of - proximity - figure-ground - closure - common fate - simplicity

closure

The tendency of most people to identify a three-sided figure as a triangle, even when one of its sides is incomplete, is the result of a perceptual process known as - closure - proximity - similarity - feature analysis - shape constancy

top-down processing

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by - top-down processing - bottom-up processing - parallel processing - retinal disparity - color constancy