Perf 325 Exam Two

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What is cultural traffic?

Actual movement of cultural matter & System of exchange or commerce

How does the Zulu music sound?

Africa and Accapella

Why did the casino gain national accessibility?

Afro-Cubans now performed their own identities in the dance Yoruba religious movement Movement synchronized with polyrhythmic music Improvisation Rumba, Guaguanco Competition

To what country is belly dance most closely related? India Algeria Egypt Spain

Egypt

Belly Dancing is popularized by what film industry?

Egyptian

What does the Arab world consist of?

Ethno-linguistic category Arab League: 22 countries in west Asia and North Africa Problematic because it dismisses minority groups in the region (Kurds)

What is Cortes?

Interruptions/breaks in Tango

What is the relationship between Arab world and the Middle East?

Islam is the dominant religion

What is the language of the Islamic sacred scripture?

Islamic

What is Capoiera?

It is almost a fight, but it is actually a dance composed of kicks, acrobatics, and traditional Kongo dance movements-Browning. --Very Acrobatic Afro-Brazilian (Kongo-Angola region) --West/Central Africa Martial Arts, Rhythms, Choreography->From Africa Blend of fight and dance-> Result of "pressures" in Brazil

In the late 19th century of Argentina there was a mass migration from _____

Italy and Spain

Why were the Boer wars fought?

control of Gold mines (South Africa 1885) There comes a backlash from the Apartheid in South Africa

Where did Tango emerge from?

emerged in the poor immigrant quarters of Buenos Aires at the end of the 19th century

What are some shared characteristics of Congo and Angola?

"Social" dances: blurring of categories of "audience" and "performer" Audience is potentially part of the dance/performance "Vernacular" rather than "Academic" (Malnig, 2009) Relating to the way they are learned, local and evolved in different ways Related to Urban "Club culture" in Europe (Thornton, 1995, 1997)

Where did the Tango originate?

Argentina

What do you notice in the documentary video?

-Hand movements and foot movements they "tiptoe" or "tread carefully" -Literal translation of Isicathamiya

Ballroom Tango consists of?

8 counts moves around the room more formal broad movements with the upper body head snaps

What is the mellow samba?

: Samba incorporated by the Government as a national symbol Lyrics romanticizing life in the favelas POLYRHYTHMIC: surdo, tamborim, chocalho, cuica, guitar & Cavaquin

What other forms of dance does Belly Dancing draw from?

Ballet, Vaudeville, Cabaret dance and Flamenco

During the casino salsa, Rebel army gains force to overthrow what?

Batista regime

What is the The Compadrito Figure?

Becomes popular because the Gaucho loses his horse moving into the city, and his life is changed

Argentina is a large producer of _____

Beef

What is the major instrument used in Capoeria?

Berimbau- basically a piece of wood with a string, high-pitched and has unique 'buzzing' sound. Used coin to 'strum' can also be used as a weapon, so it is very practical

What was the hip hop influence in Casino?

Black struggle in the US

____ Is the last country is the Americas to abolish slavery

Brazil

What major city is cosmopolitan, wealthy and consists of 1/3 of the country's populations?

Buenos Aires

_____ and samba become national symbols

Carnaval

Where was casino Salsa performed?

Casino clubs in downtown Havana (In white Cuban clubs)

When it became mass mediated as popular music in the 1930s, most samba songs coming from the favelas: Criticized the government for disenfranchising the black poor residents. Celebrate black culture as a global phenomenon. Celebrated the favelas as a peaceful romantic place. Celebrated Rio de Janeiro as a sophisticated postmodern city.

Celebrated the favelas as a peaceful romantic place

What are the Eurocentric influences of Salsa?

Cha Cha Cha, Waltz, Contradance

In Casino dances, Red meant what?

Chango: Orisha of Fire and Thunder

What happened during the Declaration of Equity?

Clubs turned into recreational centers Business Nationalized Institutionalized racism and sexism removed

What are inter generational dance transmissions?

Community and religious celebrations Videotape culture Trips to "motherland"

What are some major influences in African dance cultures?

Congo and Angola

What was The Berlin Conference, 1884-85: "Scramble for Africa" used for?

Controlling land & natural resources

What happened when Cuban economics drop by 83% within a week

Cuban government focuses on tourist market again US dollar legalized-It was illegal before, you could get jail time if you were caught with US money Remittances reinstate pre-revolutionary racial dynamics

What are global flows in African dance music?

Different cultural flows that are not all going in the same direction/same speed and different dimensions of these cultural flows.

What Euro-American influences are present?

Dress/clothing , minstrelsy with the white gloves US minstrel shows and ragtime steps Homophonic singing Christian themes and morals Sometimes in English or Afrikaans.

What did the Zulu wear?

Dressed in animal print, things on their arms, and weapons The Zulu king was Shaka (1787-1828)

Who wrote the book on Orientalism?

Edward Said Article read in class references the book "orientalism" which notorates the history of an orient Postcolonial studies Western representation of the "orient"-prejudice and stereotypes Self-exoticization of the Arab Elites "Very little of the detail, the human density, the passion of the Arab-moslem life has entered the awareness of even those people whose profession it is to report to the Arab world" Systematic approach to the arts in specific moments→ mystery and sensual

What is the Capoeira Regional?

Faster and contains different moves, Performed inside of a circle, begins with beginners and moves to higher ranks

Where did the Samba emerge from?

Favelas: Slumps

Brazil went from a monarchy to a what?

Federal Republic

Tango is what country's most popular dance

Finlands

What is Figuras?

Footwork in tango

What do the moves consist of in Capoercia?

Ginga-Fundamental footwork (most basic) Negativa-Negate an attack by going low to the ground (to protect) au- cartwheel (sometimes without the hands) Cadeira-Horse stance

What is pampas?

Grasslands in Argentina

Ta what activity is Bhangra dance related? Fishing Mining Harvesting Ancient spirits

Harvesting

What was the Raggaetown influence in Casino?

Latinidad

What is Rueda?

Literally means "wheel" People do figuras, or choreographic combinations, as they change partners in the circle Everyone Has partners Solo, there is a leader

There was a massive migration from ___ to___ in Capoeira

Massive migration to Rio De Janeiro from Bahia

Rio is a growing _______

Metropolis Migrating to the hills, not to the city. (slumps) In rio there is a formal and an informal city-drug dealing, different system , Parallel universe almost

What is Diaspora?

Migration to US and Europe

In the 1970s-1982 ____ Dictatorship was present in Argentina

Military Created a civil war and a lot of people disappeared

Neo Tango (Gotan Project) Consists of?

More recent 2000s Based in Paris Mixes EDM (Samples, beats) With Tango "Lounge" music

What is the Kwaito?

Post-Apartheid Movement Talking about partying Pop and electronic influences Mixed language (Zulu and English) Arthur was the godfather of someone Boom Shaka brings a lot more Zulu culture to Kwaito

Fidel Castro, ernesto "Che" Guevara, camilo Cienfuigos, and Julio Mella did what?

lead the rebel forces to seize the capital

What are intra generational dance transmissions?

New Technologies Recent Migration Trips to "motherland"

Where is Zulu performed? By who?

Night song competitions on Saturday Nights, by Migrant workers (reason why it is an all-male performance)

Argentine Tango consists of?

No basic step Can stay in the same spot Close embrace Most movements below the waist Volcadas, calesitas, planeos, and barrida, the cross

Which of the following elements is NOT related to Raï ? Cabaret music in Oran No influence outside Algeria. Diasporic exchanges Censorship over 'erotic' content

No influence outside Algeria

In Casino dances, yellow meant what?

Ochun: Orisha of River and Honey

What is Casino Salsa?

Origin in the 1950s Socio-Political scene: Us-Cuba Political Relations Batista Presidency Racially Segregated Gangsterismo-violence American Business

What does the Middle East consist of?

Originally a geographic region (in the European persective Fluid cultural region, includes parts of Europe, Africa and Asia Includes Turkey, Israel and Iran

Afro-Cubans used Hip Hop as a way to voice their racial and class struggle in Cuba They incorporated ________ (Hip Hop) and _____, or grinding (Reggaeton) into Casino.

Popping and Locking Perreo

Samba was ______

Prohibited

What does Bahia mean?

Racially and culturally "overwhelmingly African" Bahia is the birth-place of Capoeira Large population in Brazil because of the slave trade

Which of the following is NOT prevalent in the Peking Opera? Highly choreographed dance Use of percussion instruments Realistic acting Use of ancient narrative

Realistic Acting

People performed their ______ and ______ in social spaces that blurred the line between sacred and secular-- Looking at religious belief to gain identity to "fit in"

Religious and Racial identities

What are the American influences of salsa?

Rock n' Roll

One of the origins in Egypt: Ghawazi ("Erotic") Dancers

Rural/folk origins Banished in Egypt in the 19th century Rapid hip-hop movements and the use of brass finger cymbals Percussive movements, fluid movements, shimmies They were hired to entertain at parties

Egypt draws on what?

Self-exoticism Draws on classical ballet and Latin American dance

What is a Gaucho?

Similar to our concept of the cowboy, brave and lonely nomadic rider: similar to the cowboy figure in the US. 18th century-20th century: from drinking water and vagabond to national symbol of honor, courage, and self-reliance

What is the Tango like?

Social dance (ballroom-Theatrical) Open or closed embrace Argentine-Improvisation; ballroom-set

What is the Cuban influence of salsa?

Son, Danzon, Mambo

What is Getulio Vargas's government?

Urbanization/Industrialization in the Southeast (Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo) Migration from the Northeast

During the 1990s (Casino) there was a fall in what?

Soviet Blanc

What are some of the instruments used in Samba?

Tamborim-This is probably the only one you need to know Agogo Cuica Caixa Chocalho Repique Surdo

Always vocal with instrumental accompaniment Strong sentimental character-Talks about really sad things in the music, Always a sort of romantic relationship in the music Cheating, "kill her/me if she leaves me" 1930's-Wider popular genre dissociated with the arrabals Fatalistic-Someone wanting to die, or someone ending up dying Used for listening Lots of cello, Viola, and other stringed instruments These are elements of _______

Tango Cancion

How is the Tango danced?

Tango uses this sense of all or nothing, extreme passion The dance is smooth, controlled, but passionate-Dance has to represent the Urban, defined, sophisticated life

Instrumental- orquesta típica Strong rhythmic character Used for dancing Milonga is the venue where the dance is held These are all parts of __________

Tango-Milonga

South Africa was first colonized by who?

The Dutch

What is Sunni-Shia schism?

The Separation of variants of Islam

Good neighbor politics arose between _____ and _____

The US and Brazil

Who is Mohammed?

The prophet who unified Arabia under Islam

What impact did Solomon Linda have during Zulu?

The same guy who came up with the music from the original African song Came up with the dress (Suits)

what is the Angoleiro-Traditional?

about form & Regionalistas- more of a contemporary form , more acrobatic form of Capoeira Contemporary Capoeira

What is Quebradas?

The swaying of one's hips in Tango

Which countries did the Arab league NOT include?

Turkey, Israel, and Iran

Capoeria is considered a/an _____ form

Urban

What is Middle-eastern Music like?

Variety of long, complex rhythmic patterns (often based on poetic meters) Melodic improvisation (Mui importante) Large, open-ended forms Outdoors/indoors, vocal/instrumental, male/female Participatory Performances (Tarab) Those members of the audience freely expresses their reactions to the performance to help build the overall emotional moods

What was the casino scene like in the 1950s?

Variety show performances Headliners (rumba, son, orchestra) Social Dancing Band that would play music, but there would be different acts, people eating, people gambling, At the end of the night, everyone was invited to the dance floor

Where was Belly dancing performed?

World Fairs

In Casino dances, Blue meant what?

Yemaya Orisha of Oceans: powerful & Competitive

____ Is the largest ethnic group in South Africa

Zulu

What zulu influences are present?

Zulu wedding songs Ingoma dancing Zulu lyrics and themes (preservation of traditions) Ostinato Call and response Improvisation by soloist

Los Van-van was what?

one of the first Cuban bands that shows a dance the way they know it

What is Capoeira Angola?

slow & old-school, Improvised-no rehearsal

Afro-Cubans discontent with ______ to balance power differentials

socio-political efforts

What are the Arrabals?

the slumps: suburbs, unemployment and they are trying to just survive the lifestyle


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