Perf 325 Exam Two
What is cultural traffic?
Actual movement of cultural matter & System of exchange or commerce
How does the Zulu music sound?
Africa and Accapella
Why did the casino gain national accessibility?
Afro-Cubans now performed their own identities in the dance Yoruba religious movement Movement synchronized with polyrhythmic music Improvisation Rumba, Guaguanco Competition
To what country is belly dance most closely related? India Algeria Egypt Spain
Egypt
Belly Dancing is popularized by what film industry?
Egyptian
What does the Arab world consist of?
Ethno-linguistic category Arab League: 22 countries in west Asia and North Africa Problematic because it dismisses minority groups in the region (Kurds)
What is Cortes?
Interruptions/breaks in Tango
What is the relationship between Arab world and the Middle East?
Islam is the dominant religion
What is the language of the Islamic sacred scripture?
Islamic
What is Capoiera?
It is almost a fight, but it is actually a dance composed of kicks, acrobatics, and traditional Kongo dance movements-Browning. --Very Acrobatic Afro-Brazilian (Kongo-Angola region) --West/Central Africa Martial Arts, Rhythms, Choreography->From Africa Blend of fight and dance-> Result of "pressures" in Brazil
In the late 19th century of Argentina there was a mass migration from _____
Italy and Spain
Why were the Boer wars fought?
control of Gold mines (South Africa 1885) There comes a backlash from the Apartheid in South Africa
Where did Tango emerge from?
emerged in the poor immigrant quarters of Buenos Aires at the end of the 19th century
What are some shared characteristics of Congo and Angola?
"Social" dances: blurring of categories of "audience" and "performer" Audience is potentially part of the dance/performance "Vernacular" rather than "Academic" (Malnig, 2009) Relating to the way they are learned, local and evolved in different ways Related to Urban "Club culture" in Europe (Thornton, 1995, 1997)
Where did the Tango originate?
Argentina
What do you notice in the documentary video?
-Hand movements and foot movements they "tiptoe" or "tread carefully" -Literal translation of Isicathamiya
Ballroom Tango consists of?
8 counts moves around the room more formal broad movements with the upper body head snaps
What is the mellow samba?
: Samba incorporated by the Government as a national symbol Lyrics romanticizing life in the favelas POLYRHYTHMIC: surdo, tamborim, chocalho, cuica, guitar & Cavaquin
What other forms of dance does Belly Dancing draw from?
Ballet, Vaudeville, Cabaret dance and Flamenco
During the casino salsa, Rebel army gains force to overthrow what?
Batista regime
What is the The Compadrito Figure?
Becomes popular because the Gaucho loses his horse moving into the city, and his life is changed
Argentina is a large producer of _____
Beef
What is the major instrument used in Capoeria?
Berimbau- basically a piece of wood with a string, high-pitched and has unique 'buzzing' sound. Used coin to 'strum' can also be used as a weapon, so it is very practical
What was the hip hop influence in Casino?
Black struggle in the US
____ Is the last country is the Americas to abolish slavery
Brazil
What major city is cosmopolitan, wealthy and consists of 1/3 of the country's populations?
Buenos Aires
_____ and samba become national symbols
Carnaval
Where was casino Salsa performed?
Casino clubs in downtown Havana (In white Cuban clubs)
When it became mass mediated as popular music in the 1930s, most samba songs coming from the favelas: Criticized the government for disenfranchising the black poor residents. Celebrate black culture as a global phenomenon. Celebrated the favelas as a peaceful romantic place. Celebrated Rio de Janeiro as a sophisticated postmodern city.
Celebrated the favelas as a peaceful romantic place
What are the Eurocentric influences of Salsa?
Cha Cha Cha, Waltz, Contradance
In Casino dances, Red meant what?
Chango: Orisha of Fire and Thunder
What happened during the Declaration of Equity?
Clubs turned into recreational centers Business Nationalized Institutionalized racism and sexism removed
What are inter generational dance transmissions?
Community and religious celebrations Videotape culture Trips to "motherland"
What are some major influences in African dance cultures?
Congo and Angola
What was The Berlin Conference, 1884-85: "Scramble for Africa" used for?
Controlling land & natural resources
What happened when Cuban economics drop by 83% within a week
Cuban government focuses on tourist market again US dollar legalized-It was illegal before, you could get jail time if you were caught with US money Remittances reinstate pre-revolutionary racial dynamics
What are global flows in African dance music?
Different cultural flows that are not all going in the same direction/same speed and different dimensions of these cultural flows.
What Euro-American influences are present?
Dress/clothing , minstrelsy with the white gloves US minstrel shows and ragtime steps Homophonic singing Christian themes and morals Sometimes in English or Afrikaans.
What did the Zulu wear?
Dressed in animal print, things on their arms, and weapons The Zulu king was Shaka (1787-1828)
Who wrote the book on Orientalism?
Edward Said Article read in class references the book "orientalism" which notorates the history of an orient Postcolonial studies Western representation of the "orient"-prejudice and stereotypes Self-exoticization of the Arab Elites "Very little of the detail, the human density, the passion of the Arab-moslem life has entered the awareness of even those people whose profession it is to report to the Arab world" Systematic approach to the arts in specific moments→ mystery and sensual
What is the Capoeira Regional?
Faster and contains different moves, Performed inside of a circle, begins with beginners and moves to higher ranks
Where did the Samba emerge from?
Favelas: Slumps
Brazil went from a monarchy to a what?
Federal Republic
Tango is what country's most popular dance
Finlands
What is Figuras?
Footwork in tango
What do the moves consist of in Capoercia?
Ginga-Fundamental footwork (most basic) Negativa-Negate an attack by going low to the ground (to protect) au- cartwheel (sometimes without the hands) Cadeira-Horse stance
What is pampas?
Grasslands in Argentina
Ta what activity is Bhangra dance related? Fishing Mining Harvesting Ancient spirits
Harvesting
What was the Raggaetown influence in Casino?
Latinidad
What is Rueda?
Literally means "wheel" People do figuras, or choreographic combinations, as they change partners in the circle Everyone Has partners Solo, there is a leader
There was a massive migration from ___ to___ in Capoeira
Massive migration to Rio De Janeiro from Bahia
Rio is a growing _______
Metropolis Migrating to the hills, not to the city. (slumps) In rio there is a formal and an informal city-drug dealing, different system , Parallel universe almost
What is Diaspora?
Migration to US and Europe
In the 1970s-1982 ____ Dictatorship was present in Argentina
Military Created a civil war and a lot of people disappeared
Neo Tango (Gotan Project) Consists of?
More recent 2000s Based in Paris Mixes EDM (Samples, beats) With Tango "Lounge" music
What is the Kwaito?
Post-Apartheid Movement Talking about partying Pop and electronic influences Mixed language (Zulu and English) Arthur was the godfather of someone Boom Shaka brings a lot more Zulu culture to Kwaito
Fidel Castro, ernesto "Che" Guevara, camilo Cienfuigos, and Julio Mella did what?
lead the rebel forces to seize the capital
What are intra generational dance transmissions?
New Technologies Recent Migration Trips to "motherland"
Where is Zulu performed? By who?
Night song competitions on Saturday Nights, by Migrant workers (reason why it is an all-male performance)
Argentine Tango consists of?
No basic step Can stay in the same spot Close embrace Most movements below the waist Volcadas, calesitas, planeos, and barrida, the cross
Which of the following elements is NOT related to Raï ? Cabaret music in Oran No influence outside Algeria. Diasporic exchanges Censorship over 'erotic' content
No influence outside Algeria
In Casino dances, yellow meant what?
Ochun: Orisha of River and Honey
What is Casino Salsa?
Origin in the 1950s Socio-Political scene: Us-Cuba Political Relations Batista Presidency Racially Segregated Gangsterismo-violence American Business
What does the Middle East consist of?
Originally a geographic region (in the European persective Fluid cultural region, includes parts of Europe, Africa and Asia Includes Turkey, Israel and Iran
Afro-Cubans used Hip Hop as a way to voice their racial and class struggle in Cuba They incorporated ________ (Hip Hop) and _____, or grinding (Reggaeton) into Casino.
Popping and Locking Perreo
Samba was ______
Prohibited
What does Bahia mean?
Racially and culturally "overwhelmingly African" Bahia is the birth-place of Capoeira Large population in Brazil because of the slave trade
Which of the following is NOT prevalent in the Peking Opera? Highly choreographed dance Use of percussion instruments Realistic acting Use of ancient narrative
Realistic Acting
People performed their ______ and ______ in social spaces that blurred the line between sacred and secular-- Looking at religious belief to gain identity to "fit in"
Religious and Racial identities
What are the American influences of salsa?
Rock n' Roll
One of the origins in Egypt: Ghawazi ("Erotic") Dancers
Rural/folk origins Banished in Egypt in the 19th century Rapid hip-hop movements and the use of brass finger cymbals Percussive movements, fluid movements, shimmies They were hired to entertain at parties
Egypt draws on what?
Self-exoticism Draws on classical ballet and Latin American dance
What is a Gaucho?
Similar to our concept of the cowboy, brave and lonely nomadic rider: similar to the cowboy figure in the US. 18th century-20th century: from drinking water and vagabond to national symbol of honor, courage, and self-reliance
What is the Tango like?
Social dance (ballroom-Theatrical) Open or closed embrace Argentine-Improvisation; ballroom-set
What is the Cuban influence of salsa?
Son, Danzon, Mambo
What is Getulio Vargas's government?
Urbanization/Industrialization in the Southeast (Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo) Migration from the Northeast
During the 1990s (Casino) there was a fall in what?
Soviet Blanc
What are some of the instruments used in Samba?
Tamborim-This is probably the only one you need to know Agogo Cuica Caixa Chocalho Repique Surdo
Always vocal with instrumental accompaniment Strong sentimental character-Talks about really sad things in the music, Always a sort of romantic relationship in the music Cheating, "kill her/me if she leaves me" 1930's-Wider popular genre dissociated with the arrabals Fatalistic-Someone wanting to die, or someone ending up dying Used for listening Lots of cello, Viola, and other stringed instruments These are elements of _______
Tango Cancion
How is the Tango danced?
Tango uses this sense of all or nothing, extreme passion The dance is smooth, controlled, but passionate-Dance has to represent the Urban, defined, sophisticated life
Instrumental- orquesta típica Strong rhythmic character Used for dancing Milonga is the venue where the dance is held These are all parts of __________
Tango-Milonga
South Africa was first colonized by who?
The Dutch
What is Sunni-Shia schism?
The Separation of variants of Islam
Good neighbor politics arose between _____ and _____
The US and Brazil
Who is Mohammed?
The prophet who unified Arabia under Islam
What impact did Solomon Linda have during Zulu?
The same guy who came up with the music from the original African song Came up with the dress (Suits)
what is the Angoleiro-Traditional?
about form & Regionalistas- more of a contemporary form , more acrobatic form of Capoeira Contemporary Capoeira
What is Quebradas?
The swaying of one's hips in Tango
Which countries did the Arab league NOT include?
Turkey, Israel, and Iran
Capoeria is considered a/an _____ form
Urban
What is Middle-eastern Music like?
Variety of long, complex rhythmic patterns (often based on poetic meters) Melodic improvisation (Mui importante) Large, open-ended forms Outdoors/indoors, vocal/instrumental, male/female Participatory Performances (Tarab) Those members of the audience freely expresses their reactions to the performance to help build the overall emotional moods
What was the casino scene like in the 1950s?
Variety show performances Headliners (rumba, son, orchestra) Social Dancing Band that would play music, but there would be different acts, people eating, people gambling, At the end of the night, everyone was invited to the dance floor
Where was Belly dancing performed?
World Fairs
In Casino dances, Blue meant what?
Yemaya Orisha of Oceans: powerful & Competitive
____ Is the largest ethnic group in South Africa
Zulu
What zulu influences are present?
Zulu wedding songs Ingoma dancing Zulu lyrics and themes (preservation of traditions) Ostinato Call and response Improvisation by soloist
Los Van-van was what?
one of the first Cuban bands that shows a dance the way they know it
What is Capoeira Angola?
slow & old-school, Improvised-no rehearsal
Afro-Cubans discontent with ______ to balance power differentials
socio-political efforts
What are the Arrabals?
the slumps: suburbs, unemployment and they are trying to just survive the lifestyle
