Periodic Trends

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from an atom is called the ______

(first) ionization energy

The elements in group ______ do not have defined values for electronegativities.

18

The highest possible value for electronegativity is ______. (Fluorine)

4.0.

Why is there a very large increase between the 1st and 2nd ionization energies for the elements in group 1

After the first electron is removed, elements in group one are isoelectronic with group 18 - the noble gases

Explain why fluorine has a smaller atomic radius than chlorine.

Due to chlorine having an extra occupied energy level

Does Li or F have the larger atomic radius?

Li is larger because it has less protons than F. (Li's nuclear charge does not have as strong of a pull on electrons.)

The Periodic Table was first arranged by ______

Mendeleev

The Periodic Table was later rearranged by ______

Moseley

Ionization energy will increase as you move ______ and decrease as you move ______

across the period, down the group

This scientist first arranged the elements according to increasing ______

atomic mass

Metals are ______ meaning they can be made into wires.

ductile

Metals are good conductors of ______

heat and electricity

The ______ are elements in the d block.

transition metals

Explain why fluorine has a smaller atomic radius than oxygen.

Due to fluorine having one more proton in its nucleus. (More nuclear charge pulling the energy levels in closer.)

______ is the tendency for the atoms of the element to attract electrons when they are chemically combined with another element.

Electronegativity

The periodic table was first arranged by the scientist. ______

Mendeleev

______ are the elements that are touching the staircase on the Periodic Table.

Metalloids

The ______ says that when the elements of the periodic table are arranged in order or increasing atomic number there are periodic patterns in their physical and chemical properties.

Periodic Law

The ______ says that when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties.

Periodic law

Explain why elements with high ionization energies typically also have high electronegativity values. (Fluorine for example)

These elements do not want to lose electrons because they wish to obtain the same electron configuration as the noble gases. Elements on the right side of the Periodic Table (nonmetals) behave this way.

Group 1 is also known as the ______ metals.

alkali

The elements in group 1 are called the ______

alkali metals

The elements in group 2 are called the ______

alkaline earth metals

The elements in the periodic table are presently arranged in order of increasing ______

atomic number

Today, the elements are arranged according to increasing ______ on the Periodic Table.

atomic number

Properties of nonmetals include ______

brittle, poor conductors, and dull (lacks luster)

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself when the atom is in a ______

chemical bond

As the positive charge on an ion increases, the size of the atom will ______

decrease

As you move down a group, the electronegativity of an element will ______

decrease

As you move from left to right across a period on the periodic table the size of an atom will ______

decrease

The ionization energy of the elements will ______ as you move down a group on the Periodic Table.

decrease

Electronegativity will ______ as you move down a group. Electronegativity will ______ as you move across a period.

decrease, increase

As you move across a period from left to right, the size of an atom will ______. This is due to the increased number of ______ that the atoms have as you move to the right.

decrease, protons

The decrease in atomic size as you move from left to right across the periodic table becomes less pronounced as you move ______ the periodic table.

down

This happens because as you move down the group each element has one more occupied ______ than the last one.

energy level

The size of an atom is due mainly to the number of occupied ______ that the atom has.

energy levels

Within a period the elements will have the same number of occupied ______

energy levels

The 2 rows on the bottom of the periodic table are also known as the ______ block.

f

Anions are made when at atom ______

gains electrons

A vertical column is called a ______ on the Periodic Table.

group

A vertical column on the periodic table is called a ______

group

The elements in group 17 are called the ______

halogens

As the negative charge on an ion increases, the size of the atom will ______

increase

As you move across a period from left to right the electronegativity of an element will ______

increase

As you move from top to bottom down a group on the periodic table the size of an atom will ______

increase

The ionization energy of the elements will ______ as you move from left to right across a period on the periodic table.

increase

As you move down a group, the size of the atoms will ______ due to a greater number of ______ as you move down the group.

increase, energy levels

The ______ are elements in the f block.

inner transition metals

An atom with a positive or negative charge is called an ______. It becomes charged when it loses or gains ______

ion, electrons

The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom is called the ______ energy

ionization

The size of a negative ion is always ______ than the size of the neutral atom from which it was made.

larger

The size of a negative ion is always ______ than the size of the neutral atom of the same element.

larger

Metals are found on the ______ side of the staircase on the Periodic Table.

left

Electrons which are further from the nucleus are ______ attracted to the nucleus because of this effect.

less

This is because the electrons are ______ attracted to the nucleus as they get further away from the nucleus.

less

Cations are made when an atom ______

loses electrons

Metals are ______ meaning they can be hammered into different shapes.

malleable

It always requires ______ to remove a second electron.

more

The amount of energy required to remove a second or third electron from an atom is always ______ than the amount of energy required to remove the first electron.

more

This is because the electrons are all the same distance from the nucleus in the same period, but the elements have ______ protons as you move from left to right across the periodic table.

more

An anion is an ion with an overall ______ charge.

negative

The energy required to remove an electron is always much, much greater if the atom is isoelectronic with a ______ before the electron is removed.

noble gas

Groups 13-18 are also referred to as the ______ block elements.

p

A horizontal column is called a ______ on the Periodic Table.

period

A cation is an ion with an overall ______ charge.

positive

When an electron is removed the atom gets a ______ charge

positive one

This happens because as you move across a period each element has one more ______ in its nucleus than the last one.

proton

The ______ are found in the s and p block.

representative elements

Groups 1 and 2 are also referred to as the _____ block elements.

s

The energy required to remove a second electrons is called the ______ energy.

second ionization

For Potassium, we would expect a large increase in ionization energy to occur when the ______ electron is removed. This is because potassium will have the same electron configuration as ______ before that electron is removed.

second, noble gas

The ______ is caused by inner electrons interfering with the attraction of outer electrons for the protons in the nucleus.

shielding effect

The size of a positive ion is always ______ than the size of the neutral atom from which it was made.

smaller

The size of a positive ion is always ______ than the size of the neutral atom of the same element.

smaller

The d block elements are also known as the ______

transition metals