Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System
Peripheral Nerve
Bundles of axon that travel together in a common connective tissue sheath
Fascicle
Bundles of axons grouped together and bound by the perineurium
Median nerve
C3-C5 Motor:flexors of forearm and some hand muscles Sensory:lateral palm and fingers
Musculocutaneous nerve
C3-C5 Motor to arm and forearm flexors Damage to ______________ nerve will result in the inability to flex the forearm (with the biceps brachii muscle)
Phrenic nerve
C3-C5 Motor to diaphragm Damage ____________ nerve will result in the inability to breathe
Sciatic nerve
C3-C5 Motor: hamstring and adductor muscles Damage to the _____________nerve will result in the inability to flex the hip and flex the knee with the posterior thigh muscle
Ulnar nerve
C3-C5 Motor: wrist flexors, muscles of the hand Sensory:medial hand, 5th digit, medial half of 4th digit Damage to _____________ nerve will result in the inability to move the hand or feel the skin over the medial hand
CNVIII: Vestibulocochlear nerve
Equilibrium (vestibular branch), hearing (cochlear branch) (Sensory)
CN III-Oculomotor CN IV-Trochlear CN VI-Abducens
Inability to move the eyes in any direction
CN XII-Hypoglossal
Inability to move the tongue
CN XI-Accessory
Inability to shrug shoulders
CN IX-Glassopharyngeal CN X-Vagus
Inability to swallow
CN VII-Facial CN IX-Glossopharyngeal
Inability to taste
Nerve Plexus
Intersecting groups of nerves that serve the same body region
Autonomic nervous system
Largely involuntary branch of the PNS charged with maintaining many aspects of homeostasis
CN III:Oculomotor nerve
Motor to four of six extraocular muscles and the upper eyelid; changes the dialates the pupil, opens the eye; changes the shape of the lens (motor)
CN V:Trigeminal nerve
Motor to muscles of mastification, sensory to the face (mixed)
CN XI: Accessory Nerve
Motor to muscles that move the head and shoulders, motor to muscles of swallowing (Motor)
CN VI: Abducens nerve
Motor to the lateral rectus muscle (Motor)
CN IV:Trochlear nerve
Motor to the superior oblique muscle (Motor)
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve (C3-C5)
Motor: anterior leg and foot muscles Sensory: anterior leg and dorsum of the foot
Tibial nerve (C3-C5)
Motor: posterior and lateral leg muscles, plantar foot muscles Sensory:skin over plantar surface of the foot
CN XII: Hypoglossal nerve
Movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing (motor)
Cranial nerve
Peripheral nerves that originate from the brain
Spinal nerve
Peripheral nerves that originate from the spinal cord
Axon
Process that travels away from the neuron cell body; also called a nerve fiber
CN I: Olfactory Nerve
Sense of smell (sensory)
CN X: Vagus Nerve
Swallowing and speech, taste to pharynx, parasympathetic innervation to viscera (Mixed)
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerve
Taste to posterior third of the tongue, motor to muscles of swallowing and speech, stimulates salivation (Mixed)
CN VII: Facial nerve
Taste to the anterior half of the tongue, motor to the muscles of facial expression stimulated lacrimal and salivary glands (Mixed)
Epineurium
The CT sheath that binds together the groups of fascicles, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels in a peripheral nerve.
Endoneurium
The CT sheath that surrounds each individual axon
Perineurium
The CT sheath that surrounds each individual fascicle
Parasympathetic nervous system
The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for rest and digestion
Sympathetic nervous system
The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for stress and exercise
Cervical Plexus
The ventral rami of C1-C4 (and a small contribution from C5) that serve the head and neck
Brachial Plexus
The ventral rami of C5-TI that serve the upper limb
Lumbar Plexus
The ventral rami of L1-L4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb
Sacral Plexus
The ventral rami of L4-S4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb
CN II:Optic nerve
Vision (sensory)