Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System

Peripheral Nerve

Bundles of axon that travel together in a common connective tissue sheath

Fascicle

Bundles of axons grouped together and bound by the perineurium

Median nerve

C3-C5 Motor:flexors of forearm and some hand muscles Sensory:lateral palm and fingers

Musculocutaneous nerve

C3-C5 Motor to arm and forearm flexors Damage to ______________ nerve will result in the inability to flex the forearm (with the biceps brachii muscle)

Phrenic nerve

C3-C5 Motor to diaphragm Damage ____________ nerve will result in the inability to breathe

Sciatic nerve

C3-C5 Motor: hamstring and adductor muscles Damage to the _____________nerve will result in the inability to flex the hip and flex the knee with the posterior thigh muscle

Ulnar nerve

C3-C5 Motor: wrist flexors, muscles of the hand Sensory:medial hand, 5th digit, medial half of 4th digit Damage to _____________ nerve will result in the inability to move the hand or feel the skin over the medial hand

CNVIII: Vestibulocochlear nerve

Equilibrium (vestibular branch), hearing (cochlear branch) (Sensory)

CN III-Oculomotor CN IV-Trochlear CN VI-Abducens

Inability to move the eyes in any direction

CN XII-Hypoglossal

Inability to move the tongue

CN XI-Accessory

Inability to shrug shoulders

CN IX-Glassopharyngeal CN X-Vagus

Inability to swallow

CN VII-Facial CN IX-Glossopharyngeal

Inability to taste

Nerve Plexus

Intersecting groups of nerves that serve the same body region

Autonomic nervous system

Largely involuntary branch of the PNS charged with maintaining many aspects of homeostasis

CN III:Oculomotor nerve

Motor to four of six extraocular muscles and the upper eyelid; changes the dialates the pupil, opens the eye; changes the shape of the lens (motor)

CN V:Trigeminal nerve

Motor to muscles of mastification, sensory to the face (mixed)

CN XI: Accessory Nerve

Motor to muscles that move the head and shoulders, motor to muscles of swallowing (Motor)

CN VI: Abducens nerve

Motor to the lateral rectus muscle (Motor)

CN IV:Trochlear nerve

Motor to the superior oblique muscle (Motor)

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve (C3-C5)

Motor: anterior leg and foot muscles Sensory: anterior leg and dorsum of the foot

Tibial nerve (C3-C5)

Motor: posterior and lateral leg muscles, plantar foot muscles Sensory:skin over plantar surface of the foot

CN XII: Hypoglossal nerve

Movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing (motor)

Cranial nerve

Peripheral nerves that originate from the brain

Spinal nerve

Peripheral nerves that originate from the spinal cord

Axon

Process that travels away from the neuron cell body; also called a nerve fiber

CN I: Olfactory Nerve

Sense of smell (sensory)

CN X: Vagus Nerve

Swallowing and speech, taste to pharynx, parasympathetic innervation to viscera (Mixed)

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerve

Taste to posterior third of the tongue, motor to muscles of swallowing and speech, stimulates salivation (Mixed)

CN VII: Facial nerve

Taste to the anterior half of the tongue, motor to the muscles of facial expression stimulated lacrimal and salivary glands (Mixed)

Epineurium

The CT sheath that binds together the groups of fascicles, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels in a peripheral nerve.

Endoneurium

The CT sheath that surrounds each individual axon

Perineurium

The CT sheath that surrounds each individual fascicle

Parasympathetic nervous system

The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for rest and digestion

Sympathetic nervous system

The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for stress and exercise

Cervical Plexus

The ventral rami of C1-C4 (and a small contribution from C5) that serve the head and neck

Brachial Plexus

The ventral rami of C5-TI that serve the upper limb

Lumbar Plexus

The ventral rami of L1-L4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb

Sacral Plexus

The ventral rami of L4-S4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb

CN II:Optic nerve

Vision (sensory)