Peripheral Nervous System
Each spinal nerve attaches to the spinal cord by means of two short roots--a ventral root and a dorsal root.
True
Efferent neurons carry information away from the central nervous system; afferent neurons carry information towards the central nervous system.
True
Even though there are only seven cervical vertebra, that region generates eight cranial nerves.
True
Injury to the sixth cranial nerve causes the eye to turn in because of paralysis of the abducting muscle of the eye.
True
Skeletal muscles are somatic effectors.
True
The final efferent organ of the knee jerk reflex is the quadriceps femoris muscle.
True
Which of the following is a correct statement?
a. There are 7 cervical nerve pairs. C b. There are 11 thoracic nerve pairs. c. There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs. d. All of the above are correct statements.
What is the difference between a somatic reflex and an autonomic reflex?
a. a somatic reflex is caused by contraction of smooth or cardiac muscles, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of skeletal muscle contraction **C b. a somatic reflex is caused by secretion of glands, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of contraction of smooth and skeletal muscles c. a somatic reflex is caused by contraction of skeletal muscles, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle or secretions of glands d. a somatic reflex is caused by contraction of smooth or cardiac muscles, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of the secretions of glands
The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the:
a. abducens B b. accessory c. glossopharyngeal d. vagus
A reflex always includes a muscle contraction or a gland secretion.
True
Any disease or injury that damages the spinal cord between the first and fifth cervical segments also paralyzes the phrenic nerve and, therefore, the diaphragm.
True
It would be normal to find a functioning Babinski reflex in an infant as young as 4 months.
True
Most "motor" cranial nerves carry proprioceptive sensory fibers.
True
The facial nerve contains efferent fibers to the tear glands and afferent fibers from the taste buds.
True
The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies fibers to the carotid sinus, which has a role in the control of blood pressure.
True
The nerves emerging from the lower lumbar and sacral regions branch from a structure called the cauda equine, not the spinal cord itself.
True
The optic tract contains fibers from both retinas.
True
The peripheral nervous system consists of 43 pairs of nerves and their branches.
True
The trochlear nerve stimulates movement of the eye.
True
The two optic nerves join at the optic chiasma.
True
The vagus nerve contains both sensory and motor fibers.
True
There are 62 spinal nerves.
True
The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs.
a. 12 C b. 21 c. 31 d. 41
Most of the optic nerve fibers terminate in the cerebellum.
False
Reflexes are always unconscious or involuntary.
False
Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue?
a. Olfactory D b. Trigeminal c. Trochlear d. Hypoglossal
A gymnast is experiencing problems with balance and equilibrium. Which of the following cranial nerves may be causing this condition?
a. accessory D b. glossopharyngeal c. hypoglossal d. vestibulocochlear
Which is (are) the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway?
a. acetylcholine A b. amines c. amino acids d. neuropeptides
The peripheral nervous system includes ___ nerves.
a. autonomic D b. sensory c. somatic d. all of the above
Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire are?
a. brachial A b. cervical c. lumbar d. sacral
Efferent nerves or fibers are found only in the ____ system.
a. central D b. autonomic c. somatic d. both B and C are correct
Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebra?
a. cervical A b. thoracic c. lumbar d. both B and C
In a healthy adult, a well-placed tap on the knee will result in a:
a. contraction of the tendon and its muscles, the quadriceps femoris, and thereby stimulation of the muscle spindles ** C b. stretch of the blood vessels and decreased blood flow to the lower extremities c. stretch of the tendon, the quadriceps femoris, and thereby stimulation of muscle spindles d. stretch of the tendon and its muscles, the rectus femoris, and thereby stimulation of the muscle spindles
A mixed nerve is one that:
a. goes both to the skin surface and to the viscera C b. has its pathway mixed with other nerves c. carries both sensory and motor fibers d. carries large and small motor fibers
Judy has sustained an injury that has damaged the vestibulocochlear nerve. This injury will have an effect on her ability to:
a. hear A b. move her jaw c. open and close her eyes d. maneuver her tongue
If a person is having problems with tongue movement, what would you predict as a possible cause and other potential problems?
a. hypoglossal nerve damage and a decrease in proprioception of the tongue **A b. oculomotor nerve damage and a drooping eye c. olfactory nerve damage and a decrease in the ability to smell d. vagus nerve damage and a decrease in respiration
Danielle has sustained an injury that has reduced her ability to complete simple tasks such as lifting a pencil, manipulating eating utensils, and brushing her hair. The injury has affected the ___ motor pathways ___ the CNS.
a. involuntary; outside C b. involuntary; within c. voluntary; outside d. voluntary; within
The cauda equine:
a. is part of the cervical plexus B b. refers to the nerves below the ending of the spinal cord c. is part of the brachial plexus d. is the term used to describe the groups of cranial nerves leaving the skull
Which is not true of the dorsal nerve root?
a. it is also called the posterior root D b. it includes the spinal ganglion c. it includes sensory fibers d. all of the above are true
Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve?
a. movement of external eye muscles B b. closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex) c. movement of intrinsic eye muscles d. proprioception of eye muscles
The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the ____ nerve.
a. ninth B b. tenth c. eleventh d. twelfth
Which of the following cranial nerves is not associated with eye movement?
a. oculomotor C b. trochlear c. trigeminal d. abducens
All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except:
a. oculomotor C b. trochlear c. vestibulocochlear d. accessory
Nerve impulses over the ____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate.
a. olfactory C b. trigeminal c. vagus d. hypoglossal
Spinal nerves are ______ fibers.
a. only sensory D b. only motor c. completely autonomic d. motor and sensory
The peripheral nervous system includes:
a. only spinal nerves C b. only spinal nerves and their branches c. only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, their branches d. cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and their branches
The sensory cranial nerves include only the:
a. optic, vestibulocochlear, vagus C b. olfactory, optic, facial c. olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear d. optic, facial, vestibulocochlear
Damage to the ____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function.
a. phrenic A b. axillary c. radial d. medial cutaneous
Afferent nerves or fibers are found only in the ____ nervous system.
a. sensory D b. autonomic c. central d. both A and B are correct
All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the:
a. vagus A b. hypoglossal c. accessory d. abducens
Which of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve?
a. zygomatic nerve A b. ophthalmic nerve c. maxillary nerve d. mandibular nerve
If a reflex causes cardiac muscle to contract, it can be either a somatic or an autonomic reflex.
False
Somatic reflexes are contractions of smooth muscles.
False
The abducens nerve abducts the upper arm.
False
The abducens nerve fibers originate in the medulla oblongata.
False
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains autonomic fibers.
False
The lower end of the spinal cord bears the name lumbosacral plexus.
False
The olfactory nerve, the optic nerve, and the oculomotor nerve are the only cranial nerves that do not come from the brainstem.
False
The peripheral nervous system contains only efferent nerves.
False
The somatic motor pathway has two neurons between the central nervous system and the effector organs, just as the autonomic system does.
False
The sympathetic chain and sympathetic rami refer to the same structure.
False
The vagus nerve originates in the pons.
False
There is almost no overlap in the dermatomes of the body.
False
There is one more thoracic spinal nerve than there are thoracic vertebrae.
False
A dermatome is the skin surface area supplied by a single spinal nerve.
True
All reflexes have their interneurons in the spinal cord.
False
Based on the numbering system of the cranial nerves, cranial nerve XI would be more anterior than cranial nerve III.
False
Because the vagus nerve sends many fibers to the abdominal organs, it was given the name vagus, which means visceral.
False
Conduction by the sixth cranial nerve results in sensations of hearing.
False
Each spinal nerve branches into three rami: a ventral branch, a dorsal branch, and an autonomic or visceral branch.
False
Each optic nerve contains fiber from both eyes
true
The largest nerve of the body, the sciatic nerve, has its source in the sacral plexus.
True
The oculomotor nerve contains fibers from the autonomic nervous system.
True
The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves.
True
The plantar reflex and Babinski reflex are brought about by the same stimulus.
True
The plantar reflex consists of a curling under of all the toes, plus a slight turning in and flexion of the anterior part of the root.
True
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, all of which consist of both motor and sensory fibers.
True
The accessory nerve is unique among the cranial nerves because none of its fibers originate in the brain.
Ture