Peripheral Nervous System

Each spinal nerve attaches to the spinal cord by means of two short roots--a ventral root and a dorsal root.

True

Efferent neurons carry information away from the central nervous system; afferent neurons carry information towards the central nervous system.

True

Even though there are only seven cervical vertebra, that region generates eight cranial nerves.

True

Injury to the sixth cranial nerve causes the eye to turn in because of paralysis of the abducting muscle of the eye.

True

Skeletal muscles are somatic effectors.

True

The final efferent organ of the knee jerk reflex is the quadriceps femoris muscle.

True

Which of the following is a correct statement?

a. There are 7 cervical nerve pairs. C b. There are 11 thoracic nerve pairs. c. There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs. d. All of the above are correct statements.

What is the difference between a somatic reflex and an autonomic reflex?

a. a somatic reflex is caused by contraction of smooth or cardiac muscles, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of skeletal muscle contraction **C b. a somatic reflex is caused by secretion of glands, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of contraction of smooth and skeletal muscles c. a somatic reflex is caused by contraction of skeletal muscles, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle or secretions of glands d. a somatic reflex is caused by contraction of smooth or cardiac muscles, whereas an autonomic reflex consists of the secretions of glands

The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the:

a. abducens B b. accessory c. glossopharyngeal d. vagus

A reflex always includes a muscle contraction or a gland secretion.

True

Any disease or injury that damages the spinal cord between the first and fifth cervical segments also paralyzes the phrenic nerve and, therefore, the diaphragm.

True

It would be normal to find a functioning Babinski reflex in an infant as young as 4 months.

True

Most "motor" cranial nerves carry proprioceptive sensory fibers.

True

The facial nerve contains efferent fibers to the tear glands and afferent fibers from the taste buds.

True

The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies fibers to the carotid sinus, which has a role in the control of blood pressure.

True

The nerves emerging from the lower lumbar and sacral regions branch from a structure called the cauda equine, not the spinal cord itself.

True

The optic tract contains fibers from both retinas.

True

The peripheral nervous system consists of 43 pairs of nerves and their branches.

True

The trochlear nerve stimulates movement of the eye.

True

The two optic nerves join at the optic chiasma.

True

The vagus nerve contains both sensory and motor fibers.

True

There are 62 spinal nerves.

True

The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs.

a. 12 C b. 21 c. 31 d. 41

Most of the optic nerve fibers terminate in the cerebellum.

False

Reflexes are always unconscious or involuntary.

False

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue?

a. Olfactory D b. Trigeminal c. Trochlear d. Hypoglossal

A gymnast is experiencing problems with balance and equilibrium. Which of the following cranial nerves may be causing this condition?

a. accessory D b. glossopharyngeal c. hypoglossal d. vestibulocochlear

Which is (are) the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway?

a. acetylcholine A b. amines c. amino acids d. neuropeptides

The peripheral nervous system includes ___ nerves.

a. autonomic D b. sensory c. somatic d. all of the above

Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire are?

a. brachial A b. cervical c. lumbar d. sacral

Efferent nerves or fibers are found only in the ____ system.

a. central D b. autonomic c. somatic d. both B and C are correct

Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebra?

a. cervical A b. thoracic c. lumbar d. both B and C

In a healthy adult, a well-placed tap on the knee will result in a:

a. contraction of the tendon and its muscles, the quadriceps femoris, and thereby stimulation of the muscle spindles ** C b. stretch of the blood vessels and decreased blood flow to the lower extremities c. stretch of the tendon, the quadriceps femoris, and thereby stimulation of muscle spindles d. stretch of the tendon and its muscles, the rectus femoris, and thereby stimulation of the muscle spindles

A mixed nerve is one that:

a. goes both to the skin surface and to the viscera C b. has its pathway mixed with other nerves c. carries both sensory and motor fibers d. carries large and small motor fibers

Judy has sustained an injury that has damaged the vestibulocochlear nerve. This injury will have an effect on her ability to:

a. hear A b. move her jaw c. open and close her eyes d. maneuver her tongue

If a person is having problems with tongue movement, what would you predict as a possible cause and other potential problems?

a. hypoglossal nerve damage and a decrease in proprioception of the tongue **A b. oculomotor nerve damage and a drooping eye c. olfactory nerve damage and a decrease in the ability to smell d. vagus nerve damage and a decrease in respiration

Danielle has sustained an injury that has reduced her ability to complete simple tasks such as lifting a pencil, manipulating eating utensils, and brushing her hair. The injury has affected the ___ motor pathways ___ the CNS.

a. involuntary; outside C b. involuntary; within c. voluntary; outside d. voluntary; within

The cauda equine:

a. is part of the cervical plexus B b. refers to the nerves below the ending of the spinal cord c. is part of the brachial plexus d. is the term used to describe the groups of cranial nerves leaving the skull

Which is not true of the dorsal nerve root?

a. it is also called the posterior root D b. it includes the spinal ganglion c. it includes sensory fibers d. all of the above are true

Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve?

a. movement of external eye muscles B b. closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex) c. movement of intrinsic eye muscles d. proprioception of eye muscles

The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the ____ nerve.

a. ninth B b. tenth c. eleventh d. twelfth

Which of the following cranial nerves is not associated with eye movement?

a. oculomotor C b. trochlear c. trigeminal d. abducens

All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except:

a. oculomotor C b. trochlear c. vestibulocochlear d. accessory

Nerve impulses over the ____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate.

a. olfactory C b. trigeminal c. vagus d. hypoglossal

Spinal nerves are ______ fibers.

a. only sensory D b. only motor c. completely autonomic d. motor and sensory

The peripheral nervous system includes:

a. only spinal nerves C b. only spinal nerves and their branches c. only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, their branches d. cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and their branches

The sensory cranial nerves include only the:

a. optic, vestibulocochlear, vagus C b. olfactory, optic, facial c. olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear d. optic, facial, vestibulocochlear

Damage to the ____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function.

a. phrenic A b. axillary c. radial d. medial cutaneous

Afferent nerves or fibers are found only in the ____ nervous system.

a. sensory D b. autonomic c. central d. both A and B are correct

All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the:

a. vagus A b. hypoglossal c. accessory d. abducens

Which of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve?

a. zygomatic nerve A b. ophthalmic nerve c. maxillary nerve d. mandibular nerve

If a reflex causes cardiac muscle to contract, it can be either a somatic or an autonomic reflex.

False

Somatic reflexes are contractions of smooth muscles.

False

The abducens nerve abducts the upper arm.

False

The abducens nerve fibers originate in the medulla oblongata.

False

The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains autonomic fibers.

False

The lower end of the spinal cord bears the name lumbosacral plexus.

False

The olfactory nerve, the optic nerve, and the oculomotor nerve are the only cranial nerves that do not come from the brainstem.

False

The peripheral nervous system contains only efferent nerves.

False

The somatic motor pathway has two neurons between the central nervous system and the effector organs, just as the autonomic system does.

False

The sympathetic chain and sympathetic rami refer to the same structure.

False

The vagus nerve originates in the pons.

False

There is almost no overlap in the dermatomes of the body.

False

There is one more thoracic spinal nerve than there are thoracic vertebrae.

False

A dermatome is the skin surface area supplied by a single spinal nerve.

True

All reflexes have their interneurons in the spinal cord.

False

Based on the numbering system of the cranial nerves, cranial nerve XI would be more anterior than cranial nerve III.

False

Because the vagus nerve sends many fibers to the abdominal organs, it was given the name vagus, which means visceral.

False

Conduction by the sixth cranial nerve results in sensations of hearing.

False

Each spinal nerve branches into three rami: a ventral branch, a dorsal branch, and an autonomic or visceral branch.

False

Each optic nerve contains fiber from both eyes

true

The largest nerve of the body, the sciatic nerve, has its source in the sacral plexus.

True

The oculomotor nerve contains fibers from the autonomic nervous system.

True

The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves.

True

The plantar reflex and Babinski reflex are brought about by the same stimulus.

True

The plantar reflex consists of a curling under of all the toes, plus a slight turning in and flexion of the anterior part of the root.

True

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, all of which consist of both motor and sensory fibers.

True

The accessory nerve is unique among the cranial nerves because none of its fibers originate in the brain.

Ture