Peritoneal Cavity and Abdominal wall Workbook

Extrahepatic located collections of bile that may develop because of iatrogenic, traumatic, or spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree are ________.

Bilomas

The ascitic fluid first fills the pouch of ____________, then the lateral paravesical recesses before it ascends to both paracolic gutters.

Douglas

A cavity formed by necrosis within a solid tissue or a circumscribed collection of purulent material is a(n) ______________.

abscess

ascites

accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

The most common abdominal pathologic process is _________________ that requires immediate surgery.

acute appendicitis

subphrenic

below the diaphragm

An abscess that formed within the renal parenchyma is a(n) renal ___________. Clinical symptoms vary from none to fever, leukocytosis, and flank pain.

carbuncle

hemorrhage

collection of blood

urinoma

cyst containing urine

List the 4 sonographic criteria for a hernia.

demonstration of an abdominal wall defect presence of bowel loops or mesenteric fat within a lesion exaggeration of the lesion with strain (valsalva) reducibility of the lesion by gentle pressure

Inflammatory or malignant ascites appears with ___________________ echoes; location; unusual distribution, matting, or clumping of bowel loops; and thickening of interfaces between the fluid and neighboring structures.

fine or coarse

Extraperitoneal rectus sheath ___________________ are acute or chronic collections of blood lying either within the rectus muscle or between the muscle and its sheath.

heamtomas

An abdominal ______________ is the protrusion of a peritoneal-lined sac through a defect in the weakened abdominal wall.

hernia

leukocytosis

increase in the number of leukocytes (WBCs)

septicemia

infection in the blood

sub hepatic

inferior to the liver

A mass or lesion within the mesentery and omentum may have solid or cystic characteristics, whereas a mass within the peritoneum may show a(n) _________________ pattern.

infiltrative

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

abscess

localized collection of pus

The amount of intraperitoneal fluid depends on the ______________, _______________, and patient _____________.

location, volume, position

mesentery

loops of the digestive tract are anchored to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity by this large double fold of peritoneal tissue

A collection of fluid that occurs after surgery in the pelvis, retroperitoneum, or recess cavities is known as a(n) ________________.

lymphocele

gutters

most dependent areas in the flanks of the abdomen and pelvis where fluid collections may accumulate

Mesenteric and mental cysts may be uniloculated or ________________ with smooth walls and thin internal septations.

multiloculated

The most common primary sites of peritoneal metastases are the _________________, __________________, and __________________.

ovaries, stomach, colon

omentum

pouch like extension of the visceral peritoneum from the lower edge of the stomach, part of the duodenum, and the transverse colon

pyogenic

pus producing

The _____________________sign of lymphoma represents a mass infiltrating the mesenteric leaves and encasing the superior mesenteric artery.

sandwich

The small bowel loops _________ or____________ in the surrounding ascitic fluid, depending on relative gas content and amount of fat in there mesentery.

sinks, floats

sandwich sign

sonographic sign that you see when a vessel or organ is surrounded by a tumor on either side

Morrison's Pouch

space anterior to the right kidney and posterior to the inferior border of the liver where ascites or fluid may accumulate or an abscess may develop

A variant of the ventral hernia that is found more laterally in the abdominal wall is a(n) __________________ hernia.

spigelian

sepsis

spread of an infection from its initial site to the bloodstream

A key factor in determining whether an abdominal wall mass is present is the ______________ of the rectus sheath muscles.

symmetry

An incomplete regression of the urachus during development is a(n) ____________ cyst.

urachal

An encapsulated collection of urine, or ____________, may result from a closed renal injury or from surgical intervention, or it may arise spontaneously secondary to an obstructing lesion.

urinoma

Name the 5 major pathways through which bacteria can enter the liver and cause abscess formation.

via portal system ascending cholangitis of the CBD via hepatic artery secondary to bacteremia direct extension from an infection implantation of bacteria after trauma