PH1 final combine

Overweight in children

- 15% increase in childhood obesity - Mexican Boys, African Girls more obese - Type 2 Diabetes in children

Benefits of exercise

- 30 minute sessions - 1/4 Americans no exercise - Lower SES = inactivity - Children less exercise as they get older - Obesity -> TV

Waist to Hip Ratio

- Abs to Hips - Pear vs. Apple

Groups at risk for injuries

- Ages 1 - 44 - Low SES - Males > Females - Blacks > Whites

New Pyramid

- Base: Exercise, Veggies, Fruits, Nuts, Legumes, Water, Eggs, Fish, Poultry - Top: Dairy, red meat, junk food

Breast-Feeding and Obesity

- Best hope is to focus on children, starting with breast-feeding

Children's Bureau (1912)

- Children are a national resource and that their health is important for the progress of the society

Injury Pyramid

- Deaths - Hospitalizations - Emergency Department Visits - Episodes of Injuries Reported

Fast Food Lawsuits

- Deceptive Advertising - Need info. on calories, fat, and sugar

3 E's

- Education - Enforcement - Engineering

BMI (Body Mass Index)

- Height/Weight - < 25 = healthy - 25 to 29.= overweight - > 30 = obese

Repetitive Motion Injuries

- Keyboards, Tendinitis

SES and Overweight

- Low socioeconomic status = more prone to obesity

NIOSH

- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health - Research Agency

OSHA

- Occupational Safety and Health Administration - - Regulatory Agency

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Prevention

- Primary: Conditions prevailing before the event (alcohol, anger, defective breaks, dark, rain) - Secondary: Conditions prevailing during the event (airbag, seat belt) -Tertiary: availability and quality of emergency care

- Environmental Modifications

- Provide places to exercise - Sidewalks/Trails/Bike Paths - Police surveillance and neighborhood watch

Minimata, Japan

- Severe mercury poisoning causing neurological damage to children

SIDS

- Sudden infant death syndrome

Intentional/Unintentional Injuries

- Unintentional - Intentional: Homicide/Suicide

What are examples of land pollution?

-Accumulation of animal manure. -Excessive use of chemical fertilizers. -Poor sanitation systems that leak into surrounding soil.

According to the article, "Why Americans don't live as long as Europeans," what were the components that largely contributed to the problem that Americans die younger than their peers in other high-income countries? A. Poor diet, lack of exercise, and onset of heart disease B. Overworking, too few vacations provided by jobs, and high prevalence of sedentary jobs C. Health care costs, poor physician knowledge, and poor hospital technology D. Drug poisoning, gun injuries, and motor vehicle crashes

A. Poor diet, lack of exercise, and onset of heart disease B. Overworking, too few vacations provided by jobs, and high prevalence of sedentary jobs C. Health care costs, poor physician knowledge, and poor hospital technology D. Drug poisoning, gun injuries, and motor vehicle crashes (C)

In a preliminary meeting in July 2015, what new field of science was discussed to develop ways to limit the risks and encourage communities, industries, and governments to make progress with or without a treaty? Adaptation science Complexity science Population biology Adjustment science

Adaptation science (C) Complexity science Population biology Adjustment science

__________ promises to solve many medical problems with new drugs and procedures that will contribute to the spiraling costs of medical care.

Biotechnology

Which of the following interferes with testosterone synthesis in males, causing low sperm count and abnormalities in the development of male sex organs? Bisphenol A Phthalates Dioxins Furans

Bisphenol A Phthalates (C) Dioxins Furans

In which state does the law allow health care institutions to withdraw life support when further treatment is judged futile, even against the wishes of the patient as expressed in an advance directive? California Oregon Washington Arizona

California (C) Oregon Washington Arizona

Which of the following is NOT a criteria air pollutant? Carbon dioxide particulate matter sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides

Carbon dioxide (C) particulate matter sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides

The health risks of obesity include? Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Some cancer All of the Above

Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Some cancer All of the Above (C)

Which of the following is the most prevalent cause of eye disease?

Cataracts

Global warming is a problem for public health because

Changing temperatures may mean a changing geographic distribution in infectious disease vectors like mosquitoes There may be a drinking water shortage in the future for countries that depend on streams and waterways fed by melting ice and snow in the himalayas

All of the following government institutions are responsible for food safety except? EPA (C) FDA USDA

EPA (C) FDA USDA

Who is not at greater risk when contracted with H1N1 virus?

Elderly above 65

Which of the following statements is not true? Exercise increases the risk of a heart attack in healthy individuals. The most effective way to lose weight is to combine a healthy diet with physical activity. Many American adults engage in no physical activity at all. Obesity in children is associated with time spent watching television

Exercise increases the risk of a heart attack in healthy individuals.

The Institute of Medicine predicts that the current workforce is sufficient to meet the needs of the growing number of the elderly

False

The United States is the lowest in selected OECD countries per capita spending on health care. True False

False

Predictions about the Earth's carrying capacity for HUMANS have typically centered on which of the following? Food Water Usable land Epidemic disease

Food (C) Water Usable land Epidemic disease

In attempts to prevent motor vehicle injuries, which component of the analysis is most susceptible to education?

Host (Driver)

Major risk factors for Cardiovascular Diseases are? Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Cigarette Smoking All

Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Cigarette Smoking All (C)

Which of the following is true about infant mortality rates (IMR)?

IMR are indicators of health status in populations IMR can indicate health disparities if certain group (for ex. racial/ethnic) have higher rates

Public health educators play a key role in public health in? Industrial hygiene Maternal and child health population dynamics All

Industrial hygiene Maternal and child health population dynamics All (C)

Nitrogen Oxides Irritate the respiratory tract Contribute to ozone formation Are responsible for yellowish-brown smog All

Irritate the respiratory tract Contribute to ozone formation Are responsible for yellowish-brown smog All (C)

What international treaty is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

Kyoto protocol

Volume reduction is an important step in dealing with the massive amounts of solid waste generated by society. Which of the following is not a method of volume reduction? Landfilling composting incineration recycling

Landfilling (C) composting incineration recycling

The "Three Es" of injury prevention—education, enforcement, and engineering—were first applied in which industry? Manufacturing Health care Construction Auto

Manufacturing Health care Construction Auto (C)

A federally aided, state-operated and -administrated program that provides medical services to eligible low-income populations is

Medicaid

Which of the following statements about Medicare is NOT true? Medicare covers 100% of the costs of care for the elderly most people over 65 have access to medical care b/c of medicare the medicare program is paid for by taxes on employers and employees the medicare program pays out more than it collects in taxes and premiums

Medicare covers 100% of the costs of care for the elderly (C) most people over 65 have access to medical care b/c of medicare the medicare program is paid for by taxes on employers and employees the medicare program pays out more than it collects in taxes and premiums

Which of the following is NOT known to be true of environmental pollutants?

Most human cancer is caused by pesticides in the environment

Which of the following patient was involved in a right to die case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court?

Nancy Cruzan

The baby boomers

None

Which of the following statements is not true of physical activity?

Older adults are more active than younger ones

Which of the following are most commonly involved in unintentional deaths? Opioid pain medications Cocaine Heroin Psychoactive drugs

Opioid pain medications (C) Cocaine Heroin Psychoactive drugs

Which of the following measures of particulate matter is most detrimental to health?

PM2.5

Of the 210 million tons of municipal solid waste disposed of annually, which of the following constitutes the greatest percentage by weight?

Paper

The most important public health intervention for preventing infant mortality is

Prenatal Care

The state of Oregon's experiment with Medicaid is an example of medical

Rationing

Which of the following is necessary in order to improve relationship between public health researchers, policy makers, and practitioners?Researchers, Policy makers, and Practitioners must be in constant communication Researchers must be focused on what is or is not applicable to policy or practice All

Researchers, Policy makers, and Practitioners must be in constant communication Researchers must be focused on what is or is not applicable to policy or practice All (C)

What main health problems can arise from second hand smoke exposure? Respiratory symptoms Mobile inability Speech impediment All Answers are Correct

Respiratory symptoms (C) Mobile inability Speech impediment All Answers are Correct

Which of the following is the biggest drawback of using sanitary landfills as a method of waste disposal? Take up a lot of space Emits noxious odors Toxic chemicals seep into groundwater Attract disease-carrying vermin

Take up a lot of space (C) Emits noxious odors Toxic chemicals seep into groundwater Attract disease-carrying vermin

What are the common forms of antibiotic misuse? Taking an inappropriate antibiotic. Using antibiotics for viral infections such as the common cold. Failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic. Overusing antibiotics All

Taking an inappropriate antibiotic. Using antibiotics for viral infections such as the common cold. Failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic. Overusing antibiotics All (C)

Who must ultimately be responsible for environmental health?

The federal government, because pollution can spread widely, and those harmed by it are often not those that produce it

What is the Latino Paradox?

The tendency for Hispanic people (the first generation) to have lower than average rates of complicated pregnancies and some chronic illnesses despite the fact that many of them live in relatively poor social or economic conditions

What is the goal of the Clean Power Plan? To promote healthy and sanitary facilities in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. To reduce carbon pollution by a large percentage by 2030. To ban all power plants and promote usage of energy obtained by solar panels. None of the above.

To promote healthy and sanitary facilities in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. To reduce carbon pollution by a large percentage by 2030. (C) To ban all power plants and promote usage of energy obtained by solar panels. None of the above.

"Educating instead of medicating" enables better health and lifestyle choices through teaching awareness of health issues.

True

An unambiguous message to evacuate New Orleans in response to Hurricane Katrina came too close to the time the hurricane struck for it to be acted on by the most vulnerable of the population.

True

Public health workers/leaders/advocates took a three pronged approach to increasing road safety targeting cars, roads and drivers through both technological advances and policies. As a result, the annual death rate due to automobile accidents has decreased by 90%.

True

The first cases of Minimata disease resulted from mercury poisoning which is through the consumption of Mercury contaminated seafood.

True

The number of American children today with chronic illnesses has increased since the time when some of their parents were children, portending more disability and higher health costs for a new generation of adults.

True

Through public health education, people are able to adopt a healthier behavior to lessen the risk of diseases being spread among themselves.

True

True or False? Postpartum depression affects both the mother and infant.

True

U.S. spending per capita on healthcare is more than $7,000

True

With managed care, medicine is driven by the same kind of measurable goals and objectives that public health has been developing True False

True

Of the world's water, almost 10% is fresh True False

True False (C)

True or False? A number of studies, including the study of six cities, suggest that the largest particles are the most dangerous because they can invade the body's natural defenses and penetrate deeply into the lungs, becoming a chronic source of irritation. True False

True False (C)

The United Nations issued the Framework of Reaction, which reaffirmed the importance of sexual and reproductive health and rights of all people as a critical foundation for sustainable development. True False

True False (C)

The infant mortality rate in the United States is lower than in most western democracies True False

True False (C)

The Born Alive Infant Protection Act mandated that infants born with any signs of life be treated as suffering from an emergency medical condition. True False

True (C) False

While Americans support most measures to ensure cleaner air, they consistently resist efforts to move them out of their private automobiles. True False

True (C) False

Arsenic, "the king of poisons," has been well known as a common means of homicide through the centuries. True False

True (C) False

Food companies argue that diet is a matter of individual choice True False

True (C) False

Ground water is generally less clean than surface water True False

True (C) False

Increased injury and cardiovascular disease is related to climate change. True False

True (C) False

Indoor air quality is important b/c people spend more time indoors than outdoors True False

True (C) False

Infants are more likely to develop respiratory infections or die of SIDS when family members smoke in the home. True False

True (C) False

Injuries can be analyzed in terms of a chain of causation, and public health interventions can be devised to interrupt the chain in various stages. True False

True (C) False

Iodine in table salt helps prevent a condition called goiter. True False

True (C) False

The health status of the American population is poor in international comparison, which is evidence that all the spending on medical care cannot compensate for failures in the public health system.

True (C) False

True or False? U.S. death rates compared to the UK, Japan and Germany have shown that Americans have lower life expectancy. True False

True (C) False

In what State has nearly 70 percent of the children had their tonsils removed by the time they were 15 years old. Vermont California Hawaii Alaska

Vermont (C) California Hawaii Alaska

What is public health policy?

a course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government party business or individual most policies consist of statement or goal of what is to be accomplished set of practical rules, guidelines, programs or regulations to accomplish the stated goal All (C)

The leading cause of water pollution in the United States is _________. agriculture pharmaceutical pollution trash the automobile industry

agriculture (C) pharmaceutical pollution trash the automobile industry

What is the role for the infection control/disease Public Health Investigator?

assist in identifying and locating individuals or groups at risk of specified health problems

Which of the following are ways we can improve physical activity in our suburban lifestyle? build sidewalks implement mall-walking programs promote physical education activities that prepare youth for future activities All

build sidewalks implement mall-walking programs promote physical education activities that prepare youth for future activities All (C)

Which of the following did not contribute significantly to the drastic reduction in deaths due to infectious disease during the 20th century?

fortification of grains with folic acid

An organization that manages both the financing and health services to enrolled members

health maintenance organization

Which of the following is an environmental effect of acid rain? impaired forest growth increase acidity for lakes and rivers death of fish and wildlife all

impaired forest growth increase acidity for lakes and rivers death of fish and wildlife all (c)

Over the past three decades, evidence has accumulated that even low levels of _______________ can slow a child's development and cause learning and behavior problems. lead radon gas mercury carbon dioxide

lead (C) radon gas mercury carbon dioxide

Which of the following are examples of point source pollution?

municipal sewage

What is true of public health occupations?

people have backgrounds in various diseases

Which of the following is true regarding food additives? regulated by the FDA Must be generally regarded as safe (GRAS) Used to prevent deficiency diseases All of the above

regulated by the FDA Must be generally regarded as safe (GRAS) Used to prevent deficiency diseases All of the above (C)