PH1 final combine
Overweight in children
- 15% increase in childhood obesity - Mexican Boys, African Girls more obese - Type 2 Diabetes in children
Benefits of exercise
- 30 minute sessions - 1/4 Americans no exercise - Lower SES = inactivity - Children less exercise as they get older - Obesity -> TV
Waist to Hip Ratio
- Abs to Hips - Pear vs. Apple
Groups at risk for injuries
- Ages 1 - 44 - Low SES - Males > Females - Blacks > Whites
New Pyramid
- Base: Exercise, Veggies, Fruits, Nuts, Legumes, Water, Eggs, Fish, Poultry - Top: Dairy, red meat, junk food
Breast-Feeding and Obesity
- Best hope is to focus on children, starting with breast-feeding
Children's Bureau (1912)
- Children are a national resource and that their health is important for the progress of the society
Injury Pyramid
- Deaths - Hospitalizations - Emergency Department Visits - Episodes of Injuries Reported
Fast Food Lawsuits
- Deceptive Advertising - Need info. on calories, fat, and sugar
3 E's
- Education - Enforcement - Engineering
BMI (Body Mass Index)
- Height/Weight - < 25 = healthy - 25 to 29.= overweight - > 30 = obese
Repetitive Motion Injuries
- Keyboards, Tendinitis
SES and Overweight
- Low socioeconomic status = more prone to obesity
NIOSH
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health - Research Agency
OSHA
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration - - Regulatory Agency
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Prevention
- Primary: Conditions prevailing before the event (alcohol, anger, defective breaks, dark, rain) - Secondary: Conditions prevailing during the event (airbag, seat belt) -Tertiary: availability and quality of emergency care
- Environmental Modifications
- Provide places to exercise - Sidewalks/Trails/Bike Paths - Police surveillance and neighborhood watch
Minimata, Japan
- Severe mercury poisoning causing neurological damage to children
SIDS
- Sudden infant death syndrome
Intentional/Unintentional Injuries
- Unintentional - Intentional: Homicide/Suicide
What are examples of land pollution?
-Accumulation of animal manure. -Excessive use of chemical fertilizers. -Poor sanitation systems that leak into surrounding soil.
According to the article, "Why Americans don't live as long as Europeans," what were the components that largely contributed to the problem that Americans die younger than their peers in other high-income countries? A. Poor diet, lack of exercise, and onset of heart disease B. Overworking, too few vacations provided by jobs, and high prevalence of sedentary jobs C. Health care costs, poor physician knowledge, and poor hospital technology D. Drug poisoning, gun injuries, and motor vehicle crashes
A. Poor diet, lack of exercise, and onset of heart disease B. Overworking, too few vacations provided by jobs, and high prevalence of sedentary jobs C. Health care costs, poor physician knowledge, and poor hospital technology D. Drug poisoning, gun injuries, and motor vehicle crashes (C)
In a preliminary meeting in July 2015, what new field of science was discussed to develop ways to limit the risks and encourage communities, industries, and governments to make progress with or without a treaty? Adaptation science Complexity science Population biology Adjustment science
Adaptation science (C) Complexity science Population biology Adjustment science
__________ promises to solve many medical problems with new drugs and procedures that will contribute to the spiraling costs of medical care.
Biotechnology
Which of the following interferes with testosterone synthesis in males, causing low sperm count and abnormalities in the development of male sex organs? Bisphenol A Phthalates Dioxins Furans
Bisphenol A Phthalates (C) Dioxins Furans
In which state does the law allow health care institutions to withdraw life support when further treatment is judged futile, even against the wishes of the patient as expressed in an advance directive? California Oregon Washington Arizona
California (C) Oregon Washington Arizona
Which of the following is NOT a criteria air pollutant? Carbon dioxide particulate matter sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides
Carbon dioxide (C) particulate matter sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides
The health risks of obesity include? Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Some cancer All of the Above
Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Some cancer All of the Above (C)
Which of the following is the most prevalent cause of eye disease?
Cataracts
Global warming is a problem for public health because
Changing temperatures may mean a changing geographic distribution in infectious disease vectors like mosquitoes There may be a drinking water shortage in the future for countries that depend on streams and waterways fed by melting ice and snow in the himalayas
All of the following government institutions are responsible for food safety except? EPA (C) FDA USDA
EPA (C) FDA USDA
Who is not at greater risk when contracted with H1N1 virus?
Elderly above 65
Which of the following statements is not true? Exercise increases the risk of a heart attack in healthy individuals. The most effective way to lose weight is to combine a healthy diet with physical activity. Many American adults engage in no physical activity at all. Obesity in children is associated with time spent watching television
Exercise increases the risk of a heart attack in healthy individuals.
The Institute of Medicine predicts that the current workforce is sufficient to meet the needs of the growing number of the elderly
False
The United States is the lowest in selected OECD countries per capita spending on health care. True False
False
Predictions about the Earth's carrying capacity for HUMANS have typically centered on which of the following? Food Water Usable land Epidemic disease
Food (C) Water Usable land Epidemic disease
In attempts to prevent motor vehicle injuries, which component of the analysis is most susceptible to education?
Host (Driver)
Major risk factors for Cardiovascular Diseases are? Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Cigarette Smoking All
Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Cigarette Smoking All (C)
Which of the following is true about infant mortality rates (IMR)?
IMR are indicators of health status in populations IMR can indicate health disparities if certain group (for ex. racial/ethnic) have higher rates
Public health educators play a key role in public health in? Industrial hygiene Maternal and child health population dynamics All
Industrial hygiene Maternal and child health population dynamics All (C)
Nitrogen Oxides Irritate the respiratory tract Contribute to ozone formation Are responsible for yellowish-brown smog All
Irritate the respiratory tract Contribute to ozone formation Are responsible for yellowish-brown smog All (C)
What international treaty is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
Kyoto protocol
Volume reduction is an important step in dealing with the massive amounts of solid waste generated by society. Which of the following is not a method of volume reduction? Landfilling composting incineration recycling
Landfilling (C) composting incineration recycling
The "Three Es" of injury prevention—education, enforcement, and engineering—were first applied in which industry? Manufacturing Health care Construction Auto
Manufacturing Health care Construction Auto (C)
A federally aided, state-operated and -administrated program that provides medical services to eligible low-income populations is
Medicaid
Which of the following statements about Medicare is NOT true? Medicare covers 100% of the costs of care for the elderly most people over 65 have access to medical care b/c of medicare the medicare program is paid for by taxes on employers and employees the medicare program pays out more than it collects in taxes and premiums
Medicare covers 100% of the costs of care for the elderly (C) most people over 65 have access to medical care b/c of medicare the medicare program is paid for by taxes on employers and employees the medicare program pays out more than it collects in taxes and premiums
Which of the following is NOT known to be true of environmental pollutants?
Most human cancer is caused by pesticides in the environment
Which of the following patient was involved in a right to die case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court?
Nancy Cruzan
The baby boomers
None
Which of the following statements is not true of physical activity?
Older adults are more active than younger ones
Which of the following are most commonly involved in unintentional deaths? Opioid pain medications Cocaine Heroin Psychoactive drugs
Opioid pain medications (C) Cocaine Heroin Psychoactive drugs
Which of the following measures of particulate matter is most detrimental to health?
PM2.5
Of the 210 million tons of municipal solid waste disposed of annually, which of the following constitutes the greatest percentage by weight?
Paper
The most important public health intervention for preventing infant mortality is
Prenatal Care
The state of Oregon's experiment with Medicaid is an example of medical
Rationing
Which of the following is necessary in order to improve relationship between public health researchers, policy makers, and practitioners?Researchers, Policy makers, and Practitioners must be in constant communication Researchers must be focused on what is or is not applicable to policy or practice All
Researchers, Policy makers, and Practitioners must be in constant communication Researchers must be focused on what is or is not applicable to policy or practice All (C)
What main health problems can arise from second hand smoke exposure? Respiratory symptoms Mobile inability Speech impediment All Answers are Correct
Respiratory symptoms (C) Mobile inability Speech impediment All Answers are Correct
Which of the following is the biggest drawback of using sanitary landfills as a method of waste disposal? Take up a lot of space Emits noxious odors Toxic chemicals seep into groundwater Attract disease-carrying vermin
Take up a lot of space (C) Emits noxious odors Toxic chemicals seep into groundwater Attract disease-carrying vermin
What are the common forms of antibiotic misuse? Taking an inappropriate antibiotic. Using antibiotics for viral infections such as the common cold. Failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic. Overusing antibiotics All
Taking an inappropriate antibiotic. Using antibiotics for viral infections such as the common cold. Failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic. Overusing antibiotics All (C)
Who must ultimately be responsible for environmental health?
The federal government, because pollution can spread widely, and those harmed by it are often not those that produce it
What is the Latino Paradox?
The tendency for Hispanic people (the first generation) to have lower than average rates of complicated pregnancies and some chronic illnesses despite the fact that many of them live in relatively poor social or economic conditions
What is the goal of the Clean Power Plan? To promote healthy and sanitary facilities in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. To reduce carbon pollution by a large percentage by 2030. To ban all power plants and promote usage of energy obtained by solar panels. None of the above.
To promote healthy and sanitary facilities in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. To reduce carbon pollution by a large percentage by 2030. (C) To ban all power plants and promote usage of energy obtained by solar panels. None of the above.
"Educating instead of medicating" enables better health and lifestyle choices through teaching awareness of health issues.
True
An unambiguous message to evacuate New Orleans in response to Hurricane Katrina came too close to the time the hurricane struck for it to be acted on by the most vulnerable of the population.
True
Public health workers/leaders/advocates took a three pronged approach to increasing road safety targeting cars, roads and drivers through both technological advances and policies. As a result, the annual death rate due to automobile accidents has decreased by 90%.
True
The first cases of Minimata disease resulted from mercury poisoning which is through the consumption of Mercury contaminated seafood.
True
The number of American children today with chronic illnesses has increased since the time when some of their parents were children, portending more disability and higher health costs for a new generation of adults.
True
Through public health education, people are able to adopt a healthier behavior to lessen the risk of diseases being spread among themselves.
True
True or False? Postpartum depression affects both the mother and infant.
True
U.S. spending per capita on healthcare is more than $7,000
True
With managed care, medicine is driven by the same kind of measurable goals and objectives that public health has been developing True False
True
Of the world's water, almost 10% is fresh True False
True False (C)
True or False? A number of studies, including the study of six cities, suggest that the largest particles are the most dangerous because they can invade the body's natural defenses and penetrate deeply into the lungs, becoming a chronic source of irritation. True False
True False (C)
The United Nations issued the Framework of Reaction, which reaffirmed the importance of sexual and reproductive health and rights of all people as a critical foundation for sustainable development. True False
True False (C)
The infant mortality rate in the United States is lower than in most western democracies True False
True False (C)
The Born Alive Infant Protection Act mandated that infants born with any signs of life be treated as suffering from an emergency medical condition. True False
True (C) False
While Americans support most measures to ensure cleaner air, they consistently resist efforts to move them out of their private automobiles. True False
True (C) False
Arsenic, "the king of poisons," has been well known as a common means of homicide through the centuries. True False
True (C) False
Food companies argue that diet is a matter of individual choice True False
True (C) False
Ground water is generally less clean than surface water True False
True (C) False
Increased injury and cardiovascular disease is related to climate change. True False
True (C) False
Indoor air quality is important b/c people spend more time indoors than outdoors True False
True (C) False
Infants are more likely to develop respiratory infections or die of SIDS when family members smoke in the home. True False
True (C) False
Injuries can be analyzed in terms of a chain of causation, and public health interventions can be devised to interrupt the chain in various stages. True False
True (C) False
Iodine in table salt helps prevent a condition called goiter. True False
True (C) False
The health status of the American population is poor in international comparison, which is evidence that all the spending on medical care cannot compensate for failures in the public health system.
True (C) False
True or False? U.S. death rates compared to the UK, Japan and Germany have shown that Americans have lower life expectancy. True False
True (C) False
In what State has nearly 70 percent of the children had their tonsils removed by the time they were 15 years old. Vermont California Hawaii Alaska
Vermont (C) California Hawaii Alaska
What is public health policy?
a course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government party business or individual most policies consist of statement or goal of what is to be accomplished set of practical rules, guidelines, programs or regulations to accomplish the stated goal All (C)
The leading cause of water pollution in the United States is _________. agriculture pharmaceutical pollution trash the automobile industry
agriculture (C) pharmaceutical pollution trash the automobile industry
What is the role for the infection control/disease Public Health Investigator?
assist in identifying and locating individuals or groups at risk of specified health problems
Which of the following are ways we can improve physical activity in our suburban lifestyle? build sidewalks implement mall-walking programs promote physical education activities that prepare youth for future activities All
build sidewalks implement mall-walking programs promote physical education activities that prepare youth for future activities All (C)
Which of the following did not contribute significantly to the drastic reduction in deaths due to infectious disease during the 20th century?
fortification of grains with folic acid
An organization that manages both the financing and health services to enrolled members
health maintenance organization
Which of the following is an environmental effect of acid rain? impaired forest growth increase acidity for lakes and rivers death of fish and wildlife all
impaired forest growth increase acidity for lakes and rivers death of fish and wildlife all (c)
Over the past three decades, evidence has accumulated that even low levels of _______________ can slow a child's development and cause learning and behavior problems. lead radon gas mercury carbon dioxide
lead (C) radon gas mercury carbon dioxide
Which of the following are examples of point source pollution?
municipal sewage
What is true of public health occupations?
people have backgrounds in various diseases
Which of the following is true regarding food additives? regulated by the FDA Must be generally regarded as safe (GRAS) Used to prevent deficiency diseases All of the above
regulated by the FDA Must be generally regarded as safe (GRAS) Used to prevent deficiency diseases All of the above (C)