PHA 200 Exam
what are the site of injection for insulin?
- abdomen - front of thighs - back of upper arms - upper buttocks
What are the nursing assessments for administering metoprolol?
- ax apical pulse for one min (why: can cause high heart rate, just good protocol) - monitor I&O - monitor weight gain - ax for signs of heart failure
What is the expected outcome for digoxin?
- lower edema - lower HR - lower crackles in lungs
what are the patient teaching for digoxin?
-advise patient not to stop abruptly -caution using with OTC meds -report any loss of appetite, lower stomach pain - ask to report SOB and difficulty breathing
what is the indication for diphenhydramine?
-allergy symptoms -motion sickness
what are the problematic medications for older adults?
-analgesics -anticoagulants -sedatives and hypnotics (why: falls) - antidepressants
what is the nursing interventions for warfarin?
-antidote is vitamin k -monitor bloodwork (hemocrit, platelets, INR) - check for bleeding and rash
what is the nursing intervention of aspirin?
-asses for pain and fever -monitor blood work (CBC, hemocrit, hemoglobin) - assess for toxicity in the liver
what is the nursing interventions for lorazepam?
-assess degree of anxiety -access alcohol withdrawal syndromes -monitor BP -monitor hepatic studies
what is the nursing interventions for haldol?
-assess mental status, mood, behaviour -monitor I&O -monitor CBC, liver function tests - monitor BP
what is the indication for digoxin?
-atrial fibrillation -heart failure
what is the patient teaching for warfarin?
-avoid OTC medications unless approved -medication should be held during menstruation -use soft bristle toothbrush
what are the nursing interventions for digoxin?
-ax apical pulse for 1 min - monitor electrolytes - monitor ECG
What are the nursing assessments for digoxin?
-ax for apical pulse for 1 min - monitor electrolyte to ax for toxicity - monitor ECG
what is the action for aspirin?
-blocks pain impulses by blocking in CNS -inhibits prostaglandin synthesis ---> reduces inflammation -vasodilation of peripheral vessels ---> antipyretic
what is the therapeutic outcome for lorazepam?
-decreased anxiety -relaxation
what is the therapeutic outcome for lasix?
-decreased edema -decreased BP
what is the indication for amoxycillin?
-infections of the resp tract - otis media - ulcers due to h pylori
What are the nursing assessments for antidysrhythmics?
-measure patients BP and HR -check kidney and liver function tests
what is the nursing interventions for lasix?
-monitor I&O -check for crackles in lungs -monitor electrolytes -assess BP
what is the patient teaching for lorazepam?
-notify prescriber on preganancy - advise patient
Patient teaching and safety for anticoagulants
-report excessive bleeding -use soft bristle brush (why: could lead to gum bleeding)
what are the assessments done before giving narcotics?
-resp assessments -allergies
what are the patient teaching for aspirin?
-sit upright -8 oz of water -do not exceed recommended dosage
different types of antibiotics
-sulfonamies -penicillins -cephalosporins -tetracyclines -aminoglycosides -fluroquinolones -macrolides
what is the patient teaching for haldol?
-teach patient about good oral hygiene -ask patient to avoid hazardous activities -rise slowly (why: orthostatic hypotension)
what is patient education for lasix?
-teach patient to take early in the morning (why: nocturia) -take with food to avoid nausea and anorexia -maintain weight -advise to not consume alcohol or sue OTC meds
What is anticoagulants used for?
-will not work on already existing clots -will prevent future clots
What is the onset of long acting insulin?
1 hour
What is the onset of intermediate acting insulin?
1-3 hours
what is the duration of intermediate acting insulin?
12-16 hours
what is the onset of rapid acting insulin?
15-30 min
What is the therapeutic range for INR?
2-3 for patients on warfarin
what is the peak of short acting insulin?
2-4 hours
What is the therapeutics range for PTT?
25-35 seconds
what is the duration of rapid acting insulin?
3-5 hours
what is the onset of short acting insulin?
30 mins to 1 hour
what is the peak of rapid acting insulin?
30-90 mins
what is the duration of short acting insulin?
5-8 hours
How is dosage determined for heparin?
5000 units and then 10 000 units
What is the peak of intermediate acting insulin?
6-10 hours
What is beta-blockers used for?
*blocks beta receptor sites* -lowers BP -slows down HR -treats dysthymias
What is an example of a rapid acting insulin?
Humalog
What is an example of short acting insulin?
Humulin R
what is an example of intermediate acting insulin?
Humulin R
What is the action of anti-hypertensives?
lowers blood pressure
what is the peak of long acting insulin?
minimal
What is heparin obtained from?
intestinal mucusa of a pig
aminoglycosides
kills bacteria
what is a contraindication of docustate sodium?
nausea/vomiting
what is the classification for aspirin?
nonopiod analgesic
What are corticosteroids used for?
Anti-inflammatory
what is the classification for warfarin?
Anticoagulant
what is the specific trade name for ipatropium
Atrovent
penicillins
Group of antibiotics that are often used to treat infections by gram-positive bacteria.
what is the mechanism of action for lorazepam?
Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA
different types of antacids
H2 receptors proton pump inhibitor
what is sedative?
Drugs that can have a calming effect on a person's behavior
What are calcium channel blockers?
Drugs that prevent calcium ions from entering cells
what is the trade name for levothyroxine?
Eltoxin
what is the trade name for lasix?
Furosemide
what is the trade name for digoxin?
Lanoxin
what is the classification for lasix?
loop diuretic
what is the action of metaprolol?
lowers BP by beta blocking effect
What are the ten rights of medication administration?
On MAR 1. Right patient 2. Right medication 3. Right Dose 4. Right time + frequency 5. Right route 6. Right reason At Bedside *patient identification 7. Right to refuse 8. Right education After administration 9. Right evaluation 10. Right documentation
what is the route for warfarin?
PO
What are the med checks?
Pre-lim check 1st check 2nd check Pour 3rd check
What is anticoagulant?
Substances that prevent blood from clotting
What to do if med error occurs?
Tell manager/head nurse Take recommendation Fill out incident report
Which site is highest rate of absorption for insulin?
abdomen
what are some common side effects of metformin?
abdominal bleeding cramping fullness metallic taste
what is the therapeutic outcome for carbidopa levopdopa?
absence of involuntary movement
What are vasodilators?
agents that widen the blood vessels
what is the classification for flagyl?
anti-infective
what is nitroglycerin?
antianginal, coronary vasodialator
what is the classification for metaprolol?
antihypertensive
what is the classification for carbidopa levodopa?
antiparkinsonism agent
what is the classification for haldol?
antipsychotic
what is the indication for lorazepam?
anxiety insomnia
what is the nursing interventions for metaporlol?
asses apical for 1 min monitor I&O check for signs of heart failure
what is the nursing interventions for carbidopa levodopa?
assess BP monitor I & O assess muscle twitching monitor for constipation monitor renal studies
what is the nursing interventions for salbutamol?
assess resp function assess bronchispasm
What is important for patient safety for diuretics?
ax of fluid volume (dehydration can occur)
what is the medication for alcohol withdrawal?
benzodiapine (ex. lorazepam or Ativan)
H2 receptor antagonists
block the h2 receptor of acid producing cells in the stomach
what is the classification for salbutamol?
bronchodilator
What are diuretics?
chemicals that enhance urinary output
common cold treatment
combination therapy of: -antihistamines -nasal decongestants -antitussives -expectorants
what is the therapeutic outcome for metaprolol?
decreased BP decreased HR
what is the therapeutic outcome for haldol?
decreased S&S of psychosis
what is the mechanism of action for haldol?
depresses cerebral cortex
what is the mechanism of action for salbutamol?
dialates airways by stimulating beta adrenergic receptors
how does nitroglycerin work?
dilates coronary artery and improves blood flow
what is the patient teaching for salbutamol?
do not use OTC meds without consulting prescriber teach patient to use inhaler use spacing device on geriatric population
what is a common side effect of nitroglycerin?
headache
what is the common side effect for benzodiazepines
heart palpitations
what is a hyponotic?
improves quality of sleep
what is the mechanism of action for carbidopa levodopa?
increases levodopa which converts dopamine
Sulfonamies
inhibit bacteria growth
Cephalosporins
inhibit cell wall synthesis
proton pump inhibitor
inhibits ATPase enzyme in gastric cell
fluroquionolones
inhibits bacterial synthesis
tetracyclines
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30 S ribosome
what is the action for warfarin?
interferes with blood clotting
naloxene is an antidote for which medication?
opioid overdose
what is metformin?
oral antidiabetic.
what is the common trade name for pantoprazole?
pantoloc
what is the therapeutic outcome for warfarin?
prevention of clotting prevention of pulmonary embolism
what risk can occur with nausea and vomiting?
risk for dehydration
what is the classification for lorazepam?
sedative-hypnotic
different classification of pain
somatic visceral superficial vascular referred neuropathic phantom cancer psychogenic central
macrolides
suppresses and inhibit bacterial growth
What toxicity results from digoxin?
symptom: yellow-green halo
what is the patient education for metaprolol?
take immediately after meals do not discontinue abruptly take at bedtime to prevent ortho hypotension
what is the patient teaching for carbidopa levodopa?
teach patient to change position slowly patient should report side effects use product as prescribed
what is the indication for furosemide?
trade name: lasix -edema -high blood pressure
what route has the longest duration for nitroglycerin
transdermal
what is the duration of long acting insulin?
up to 24 hours
Vitamin K is an antidote for which medications?
warfarin